The document describes several diagnostic tests for endocrine disorders:
1) Tests for thyroid disorders include TSH assays, radioactive iodine uptake tests, thyroid antibodies tests, and thyroid scans.
2) Tests for parathyroid disorders include measuring calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and PTH levels in blood and urine.
3) Tests for adrenal cortical disorders include cortisol levels, urine tests for 17-hydroxysteroids and 17-ketosteroids.
4) Tests for adrenal medullary disorders include measurements of catecholamines in urine and blood, and imaging tests to locate pheochromocytomas.
5) Tests for diabetes include fasting blood
The document describes several diagnostic tests for endocrine disorders:
1) Tests for thyroid disorders include TSH assays, radioactive iodine uptake tests, thyroid antibodies tests, and thyroid scans.
2) Tests for parathyroid disorders include measuring calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and PTH levels in blood and urine.
3) Tests for adrenal cortical disorders include cortisol levels, urine tests for 17-hydroxysteroids and 17-ketosteroids.
4) Tests for adrenal medullary disorders include measurements of catecholamines in urine and blood, and imaging tests to locate pheochromocytomas.
5) Tests for diabetes include fasting blood
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The document describes several diagnostic tests for endocrine disorders:
1) Tests for thyroid disorders include TSH assays, radioactive iodine uptake tests, thyroid antibodies tests, and thyroid scans.
2) Tests for parathyroid disorders include measuring calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and PTH levels in blood and urine.
3) Tests for adrenal cortical disorders include cortisol levels, urine tests for 17-hydroxysteroids and 17-ketosteroids.
4) Tests for adrenal medullary disorders include measurements of catecholamines in urine and blood, and imaging tests to locate pheochromocytomas.
5) Tests for diabetes include fasting blood
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Thy Function Test a. Thyroid – Stimulation hormone assay : Hypofunction of thyroid gland; primary hypothyroidism. : Pituitary disorder; hyperthyroidism. b. Radioactive Iodine Uptake( RAIU) :Hyperthyroidism; urine: hypothyroidism :Hyperthyroidisms; urine: hyperthyroidism. - Patient Teaching: = Radioactive dose is small and harmless. = Contraindicated in pregnancy. = Seafood’s may elevate result. = Drugs that may elevate result: barbiturates, estrogen, lithium Phenothiazines. = Drug that may decrease result: Lugol’s solution, saturated Solution of potassium iodine (SSKI), antithyroid, cortisone, aspirin antihistamines. = Collect 24-hour urine specimen after oral trace dose give. = Thyroid is scanned after 24 hours. c. Thyroid antibodies : thyroiditis d. T3T4 Radioimmunoassay : Hyperthyroidism : Hypothyroidism e. Free Thyroxine Concentration T3 Resin Uptake Thyroid Binding Globulins : Hyperthyroidism : Hypothyroidism
Diagnostic Imaging Stuadies
a. Thyroid scan - Radioactive iodine taken orally; dose is harmless. - Scanning done after 24 hour. - Avoid iodine containing foods, dyes, medication. - Cold nodules: cancer - Hot nodules” bening b. Ultrasound - No special preparation. c. Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Test cannot be done in client with metal implants( e.g., Pacemakers, arthroplasties, skull plates). - Assess for allergy to contrast media. d. Computed Tomography - If contrast medium is used, note allergy history. 2. Diagnostic Test of Parathyroid Disorders a. Total serum calcium - Venous blood is collected. - :Hyperparathyroidism - :Hypoparathyroidism b. Qualitative Urinary Calcium( Sulkowitch test ) - Collect urine specimen. - Fine white precipitate should form when Sulkowitch reagent is added to urine specimen. - Absent or decreased precipitate indicate low serum calcium and hypoparathyroidism. c. Quantitative Urinary Calcium ( Calcium Deprivation Test) - Collect 24 hours urine specimen. - :Hyperparathyroidism - :Hypoparathyroidism d. Serum Phosphorous - Collection Venous blood Specimen. - :Hypoparathyroidism - :Hyperparathyroidism e. Serum Alkaline Phosphatase - Collection Venous blood Specimen. - :Hyperparathyroidism - :Hypoparathyroidism f. Parathormore (PTH) Radioimmunoassay - Collection venous blood - : Hyperparathyroidism - When elevated in conjunction with serum calcium levels, this Is the most specific test for Hyperparathyroidism.
3. Diagnostic Test of Adrenocortical Disorder
a. Cortisol level with dexamethasone soppression test - Give dexamethasone before phlebotomy to suppress diurnal formation of ACTH. - :Pituitary tumor, Cushing’s syndrome or disease. - Addision’s disease. b. Cortisol plasma level - Fasting is required; the patient should be on bed rest for 2 hours before the test because activity increases cortisol level. - :Cushing’s Disease. - :Addison’s Disease. c. 17- Hydroxysteroids - 24 Hour Urine collection to be kept on ice. - :Cushing’s syndrome or disease. - :Addison’s Disease. d. 17-kefosteroids -24 hour urine test; keep collection cold; may need preservative. - :Cushing’s syndrome. - :Hypofunction of adrenal gland. 4. Diagnostic Tests of Adrenal Medullary Disorders a. Vanillymandelic acid Test (VMA test) - VMA is a metabolite of apinephrine. - 24 hour urine specimen is collected - intruct the client to avoid the following medication and foods Which may alter the result: *Coffee *Chocolate *Tea *Bananas *Vanilla *Aspirin - Normal Value: 0.7 – 6.8mg/24hr. b. Total plasma Catecholamine Concentration - The client should lie supine and rest for 30 minutes. - Butterfly needle is inserted 30 minutes before blood specimen is collected(to prevent elevation of catecholamine levels by the stress of venipuncture). c. Clonidine Suppression Test. - Clonidine (Catapress), a centrally acting adrenergic blocker Suppresses the release of catecholamines. - In pheochromocytoma, clonidine does not suppress the Release of catecholamines. - Normal Response: 2 to 3 hours after a single oral dose of Clonidine the total plasma catecholamine value decreases at at least 40% from the client’s baseline. d. CT Scan, MRI and Ultrasound - To localize the pheochromocytoma. 5. Dianostic Test of Pancreatic Disorder (Diabetes Mellitus) a. FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar); FBG(Fasting Blood Glucose): - Normal: 70 – 110 mg/dl. - DM: ↑140 mg/dl for 2 readings. b. 2 PBBS (2hr. Postprandial Blood Sugar) -initial blood specimen in with drawn. -100 g. of carbohydrate in diet is taken by the client. -2 after meal, blood specimen is withdrawn – blood sugar Return to normal level. c. OGTT/GTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) Hgb Excess (component Glucose Attaches in ofthe rbc bloood to hemoglobin ) Lifespan is 90-120 days
-Take high carbohydrate diet (200 to 300g) for 3 days.
-Avoid alcohol, coffee and smoking for 36 hours before the test. -NPO for 10 to 16 hours. -initial blood and urine specimen are collected. -150 to 300 g. of glucose per orem or IV is given. - Series of blood specimen is collected after administration of glucose (30 min., 1 hour,2hour, if required 3 hour,4hour, and 5hours after.) - If glucose levels peak at the higher than normal at 1 and 2 hours after ingestion or injection of glucose, and slower then normal to return to fasting levels, then DM(diabetes mellitus) is confirmed. -Done when result of FBS an 2 PPBS are borderline( higher normal). d.Glycosylated Hgb(HbAIC) -Most accurate indicate of DM (diabetes mellitus). -Reflects serum glucose level for the past 3 to 4 month -NV is 4% to 6%(up to 7%) for nondiabetics. -the goal for the client with DM is 7 .5% or less