1|Page THE CAUSES BEHIND THE FAILURE OF PAKISTAN RAILWAYS

QUAID-I-AZAM UNIVERSIITY ISLAMABAD QUAID-I-AZAM SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES

RESEARCH PAPER

TOPIC: THE CAUSES BEHIND THE FAILURE OF PAKISTAN RAILWAYS

SUBMITTED BY:

HAKIM ALI

SUBMITTED TO: STUDENT ROLL #: COURSE: CLASS: Date Submitted:

SHAZIA PARVEEN 01171211028 RESEARCH METHODS AND REPORT WRITING MPA-II 14/12/2012

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2|Page THE CAUSES BEHIND THE FAILURE OF PAKISTAN RAILWAYS TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO Title page.. Acknowledgment.. Dedication.

Page # 05 06 07

Abstract.. 08-09 1. CHAPTER#1. .9-10 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Research Objectives. 10 10

1.3 Aim. 10 1.4 Mission Statement10 2. CHAPTER#2 .11

2.1 Literature Review..12 2.2 Manufacturing Unit.12-13 2.3 Human resource. 13 2.4 Speed13 2.5 Important railway lines13 2.6 Important railway stations........................................13-14 2.7 Routes Followed By Trains..15 3. CHAPTER#3 .15

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3|Page THE CAUSES BEHIND THE FAILURE OF PAKISTAN RAILWAYS 3.1 Research Methodology15

3.2 Time Frame.15 4. CHAPTER #4..16

4.1 The main causes behind the failure of Pakistan railways.16-19 4.2 Other issues behind the failure of Pakistan railways..19 4.3 Absence of Clear Direction19

4.4 Reasons of downfall of Pakistan railways.20

4.5 The Chronic Problems That Have Perverted the Organizations Performance20-23

5. Chapter #5 ..24 5.1

Action planning for the Increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of Pakistan Railways..24

5.2 Changing Structural Design.24

5.3 Downsizing.24 5.4 Reengineering..25 5.5 Alliance Interventions....25 5.6 Network Interventions..26 5.7 Comparisons . 26-27

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4|Page THE CAUSES BEHIND THE FAILURE OF PAKISTAN RAILWAYS Recommendations & Conclusions..27 Recommendations...27

Conclusion27-28

Bibliography & Referencing...28-30

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TITLE THE CAUSES BEHIND THE FAILURE OF PAKISTAN RAILWAYS

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All the praises and thanks for almighty ALLAH who is entire source of knowledge and wisdom to mankind and whose uniqueness accomplish this research report. Thanks are also to last Prophet Hazrat Mohammad peace is upon him through whom Almighty ALLAH communicated knowledge to mankind and who is forever torch of guidance and knowledge for whole community. I am also thankful to honorable teacher Madam SHAZIA IJAZ who provided me a chance to enhance my knowledge and guided me at every step during Master Degree program. I really acknowledge to her great efforts. gave me enough courage ,knowledge and ability to

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DEDICATION

I heartily dedicate all my efforts to my beloved Mother, brothers, sisters and my whole family owing to their kind prayers I could do all things for which others dreamt of ..

I pay my special thanks to respectable teacher SHAZIA IJAZ who makes me able to do all efforts with courage. May almighty ALLAH bless all those friends who guided me in every difficult step?

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ABSTRACT Pakistan Railways is the state owned railway company of Pakistan. It is a large organization under the administration of Ministry of Railways. Pakistan Railways provides an important mode of transportation in the farthest corners of the country and brings them closer for business, sightseeing, pilgrimage and education. Current bureaucratic officer and secretary as well is Muhammad Arif Azim who is also tenuring as the Chairman of Pakistan Railways. Over the past many years, Pakistan Railways has been facing problems and is now on the verge of bankruptcy and this department has been failed. With budget deficit of billions, eroding market share and corruption scandals, political and economic issues the future of Pakistan Railways once the life line of the country is grim. At the time of independence, both India and Pakistan, inherited the Railway Network laid down by British. While Indian Railways has emerged as a highly profitable organization, Pakistan Railways is struggling to keep itself running. This report summarizes that problems, issues and causes of Pakistan railways such as political interference, poor maintenance of track locomotives couches, mismanagement and there are many causes behind its failure. There are some suggestions and actions of planning that have been discussed in this report those can be helpful for fostering the efficiency and performance of Pakistan railways and can revamp its image and good will. Research methodology is based on secondary approach and the data has been collected from various websites, blogs, and articles of news paper and from internet resources. In perspective of data and analysis, this research is based on theory based analysis and it also has been included the projected analysis of budget of Pakistan railways.

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The report provides introduction of Pakistan Railways, its history, organizational structure which is then followed by some suggestions that can be applied to this case. Diagnosis of the organization has been done with the help of data collected and findings and from research.

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TITLE: THE CAUSES BEHIND THE FAILURE OF PAKISTAN RAILWAYS

1. CHAPTER 1.1

(PAKISTAN RAILWAY, LIFE LINE OF THE COUNTRY)

INTRODUCTION

Pakistan Railway, life line of the country, is a national state run transport service. It is under the administration of federal government under the Ministry of Railways and its head quarter is in

Lahore. It is an important source of transportation throughout Pakistan. Pakistan Railways provides an important mode of transportation throughout Pakistan. It is commonly referred to as the "life line of the country", by aiding in large scale movement of people and freight throughout Pakistan. Recently a Pakistan railway is in crisis. This persistent failure owes to absence of a clear direction for the organization, a pessimistic organizational issues and ethos resulting from years of decline and political interference in decision making to the detriment of commercial feasibility. Organizational roles and responsibilities remain diffused which create issues for accountability. A number of decisions have been centralized in the Board or the Executive Committee of the Board that absolves officers at the operational level of any accountability. Financially, Pakistan Railways have alarming figures and over the years it has become chronically dependent on overdraft from the State Bank of Pakistan. It carries millions of passengers is now facing the number of issues now a days.
1.2 Research Objectives

To identify the major issues and causes behind failure of Pakistan railways. To examine the factors and elements that who are responsible for these inefficiencies. To establish the parameters for overcoming these inefficiencies and losses.

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To draw conclusion for remedy of these problems and setting the strategies to increase the efficiency and escalating the profitability of Pakistan railways.

1.3 Aim

Owing to some crisis recently Pakistan railways has been confronting many problems and has been completely gone into huge losses and budget deficit so that is why I chose this topic to conduct the research that who is behind its failure, to identify the real issues and problems of Pakistan railways and how Pakistan railways can increase its efficiency and effectiveness and how its problems and issues can be eliminated. My research of this project is based on above mentioned research objectives that will help me to draw some parameters and resolution of these causes and issues of failure of Pakistan railways. 1.4 Mission Statement

To provide a competitive, safe, reliable, market oriented efficient and effective Pakistan railways department and reducing losses of Pakistan railways

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CHAPTER #2 2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW Pakistan Railways is a Federal Government Department under Ministry of Railways. The Secretary for Ministry of Railways is the ex-office Chairman of the Railway Board. Pakistan Railways comprises of three functional units. 1. The Operations Unit 2. the Manufacturing & Services unit 3. Development Unit Each headed by a General Manager who reports to the Secretary/Chairman Railways for the performance of his Unit. The Operations unit is located in the historic North Western Railway Headquarters building, an imposing landmark of colonial-era architecture of Lahore. It oversees train operations and all related functions. Three Additional General Managers, each heading a Business Unit Infrastructure, Traffic and Mechanical in addition to various specialized head of departments assist the General Manager Operations The Manufacturing and Service (M&S) unit oversees the management of the Concrete Sleeper Factories, Locomotive and Carriage Factories. The Development Unit manages all; Divisions i.e., Peshawar, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Multan, Sukkur, Department besides, monitoring projects in execution Railway owned Schools Hospitals and Railway Academy, Walton, Information & Technology Pakistan Railways comprises of seven territorial operating Karachi & Quetta, besides, Workshops Division at Moghalpura and an administrative Division at Headquarter The territorial and Workshops Divisions are each headed by a Divisional Superintendent directly under the auspices of General Manager Operations .The Divisional Superintendents are assisted
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by the Divisional and Assistant Officers of their respective departments i.e. Engineering Department-Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Signal and Telecommunications, Medical,

Transportation & Commercial, Accounts and Railway Police. 2.2 Manufacturing Unit The department of manufacturing is headed by the General Manager Manufacturing & Services, this unit is composed of following sections: 1. Carriage Factory, Islamabad, (CFI) 2. Concrete Sleeper Factories, (CSF) 3. Locomotive Factory Risalpur 4. Rehabilitation Project, MGPR 5. Railway Constructions Pakistan Limited (RAILCOP)
6. Pakistan Railway Advisory & Consultancy Services (PRACS).

Ministry of Railway is responsible for overall control of Pakistan Railways as well as to guide the overall policy. A Pakistan railway has Directorate, Technical Directorate, four (4) Directorates Directorate, and namely Administrative Finance Directorate.

Planning

The following officers also report directly to the Secretary Railways

A. General Manager (Operations)

B. General Manager/Manufacture and Services C. Federal Government Inspector of Railways Railway Board is the highest body for technical matters of the Railways and consist of Chairman and five Members out of which three are from the private sector. Secretary to the Government of

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Pakistan, Ministry of Railways is the ex-officio Chairman of Railway Board and the General Manager, Railways is the Chief Executive Officer. Organization Structure of Pakistan Railways is of functional type, headed by General Manager and assisted by four Additional General Managers. The general supervision and management of affairs of Pakistan Railways is vested in the Railway Board, which has been reconstituted. The new Railway Board consists of Chairman and five Members out of which three are from the private sector.

2.3 Human resource Pakistan Railways has about 90,000 employees consisting of staff and officers as of 2008). 71% of the total employees are working in Civil, Mechanical and Transportation departments. All the hierarchy positions are held by graduate Engineers. 2.4 Speed The maximum Speed of Pakistan Railways is 120 km/h. Some sections of Karachi-Lahore main railway line allow 120 km/h speed. Work is in progress to improve railway track on KarachiKhanpur section to increase speed to 140 km/h. 2.5 Important railway lines

Karachi-Peshawar

Main

Line

via

Rohri,

Khanewal,

Lahore

&

Rawalpindi,Rohri-

Quetta,Khanewal-Faisalabad,Lahore-Faisalabad,Lahore-Sialkot via Narowal

2.6 Important railway stations

Karachi-Peshawar Junction,Hyderabad
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main

line:Karachi

City,Karachi

Cantt,Landhi

Junction,Kotri

Junction,Tando

Adam

Junction,Nawabshah

Junction,Mehrabpur

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Junction,Khairpur,Rohri Junction, Ghotki,Sadiqabad, Rahim Yar Khan, Bahawalpur,Multan Cantt,Khanewal Junction,Mian Channu, , Chichawatni,Sahiwal,Pattoki,Okara,Kot Radha Kishan,Raiwind Junction,Lahore Junction,Shahdara Junction,Gujranwala,Wazirabad

Junction,Gujrat,Lalamusa

Junction,Jhelum,Gujar

Khan,Chaklala,Rawalpindi,Taxila,Attock

Junction,Nowshehra Junction,Peshawar Cantt.

2.7 Routes Followed By Trains

SOURCE: http://education.lokoi.com/pakistan railways

Pakistan railway was founded in 1947 after the independence. At the time of independence railway has 8,122 km of tracks. Pakistan had very good railway infrastructure at that time that was built by Britain. Pakistan railway was running very successfully and saving lots of money for the economy. Railway had added some new tracks and also started electric powered railway tracks for some areas. Pakistan railway was degrading from last decade but after formation of this government; railway has stopped completely and now few trains can be seen on tracks. Still railway has more than
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80,000 employees. Despite of many bailout packages; railway was not able to come out of this disastrous situation. No one is Pakistan is serious to restore this national assets as it can work as a life line for Pakistans economy. (M.REHAN SHAIKH DATED 21 JULY 2012)

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CHAPTER#3: 3.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research methodology is based on secondary approach and the data has been collected from various websites, blogs, and articles of news paper and from internet resources. In perspective of data and analysis, this research is based on theory based analysis and it also has been included the projected analysis of budget of Pakistan railways. Research has been conducted through applying the qualitative approach through which data is collected through newspapers, articles, blogs, and websites and from internet sources. 3.2 TIME FRAME The Research will be completed in 1.5 month Preparation of research proposal 7 days Data collection 15 days Data analysis 7 days Drafting 7 days Conclusion 3 days Final report composing 8 days

CHAPTER#4 (CAUSES BEHIND THE FAILURE OF PAKISTAN RAILWAYS) The main causes behind the failure of Pakistan railways are Lack of resources and fuel Shortage of locomotives Political interference

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Corruption Poor maintenance of tracks and bridges Extra delays in timings Mismanagement and mal-administration by railway personnel.

These above views were mentioned by General Manager Operations Pakistan Railways Junaid Qureshi while speaking at the Lahore Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Lahore Chamber of Commerce and Industry President Farooq Iftikhar, in his opening remarks pointed out a number of issues behind the deterioration of Pakistan Railways. ( P.R. Headquarters Office, Lahore, Railways Department Printed At The P.R. Press, Mughalpura By Directorate Of Information & Technology, 2010-2011.)( Tuesday, November 27, 2012)

The incompetent administration has failed to attain locomotives from any quarter of the world. Passengers are suffering due to mismanagement of administration. Pakistan Railways decision to suspend goods train service due to severe shortage of locomotives and fuel is another blow to this organization. It is now basically financially bankrupt organization. In other words it is on the verge of financial collapse. The political interference, nepotism, corruption, poor maintenance of tracks & bridges and mismanagement in almost every field are the major causes of failure of Pakistan Railways. Pakistan Railways purchased 69 completely built locomotive units from China under 2003 agreement. These are about 37% cheaper than the European locomotives but considered to be faulty. It is stated that 32 of these have already been scrapped.

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This cheap and safe mode for passengers is now facing a number of issues. A number of services of Pakistan Railways have been cancelled, suspended or terminated and many more will be suspended in near future because of mismanagement and shortage of locomotives, fuel and money.

According to Sheikh Rashid, the former railway minister, crankshafts of locomotives worth Rs10 million were damaged because of the use of substandard lubrication oil. It may be mentioned here that normally a locomotive consists of six traction motors while the Pakistan Railways is operating them with only three or four motors. This is the major cause of mid-way breakdown of trains. The passengers, in such a case, have to wait for a long time till repair or replacement of faulty engine takes place. Naturally trains are too late and passengers can be seen sitting at platforms with their luggage. A number of trains lack facility of light at nights because of the failure of the generators and ill attitude of management. Another reason that prevents people to go by train is increase in corruption by the ticketing officials.

Haji Ghulam Ahmed Bilour, federal minister for Pakistan Railways, is a very controversial figure. He is considered to be somewhat responsible for the deteriorating situation of Pakistan Railways. His viewpoint is that the whole railway system is obsolete. He complains that half of the total locomotives are out of order. Almost 86 % bridges are more than 100 years old. The trains, tracks and machinery are outdated or faulty. He says that Pakistan needs 25 to 30 engines annually. He is now making a plan to repair, hire or lease locomotives in collaboration with the private sector. Moreover, he believes that a bailout package can be helpful to overpower the crisis. According to him delay in funds to Railways is the root cause of the crisis. He accuses the federal government for not releasing remarkable funds for the betterment of Pakistan

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Railways. All his plans may end in failure because of corruption in the management, financial problems, his ill-advised attitude and lack of vision. The efficiency of the railway minister is evident from its almost nil performance. He believes that two mafia gangs are very strong in Pakistan Railways but finds himself incapable to take any action against them. He seems to be too weak to solve the issues and problems faced by his ministry.

Sheikh Rashid Ahmad, former railway minister, blames corrupt officers of the department for the present situation in Pakistan Railways. According to him only 156 locomotives out of 500 are in normal working condition. According to his statement 15,000 freight wagons are not playing in the country and the business has gone in the hands of the private sector. He claims that 200 coaches and several locomotives, imported from China, could have been manufactured in the local Carriage Factory in Islamabad. Due to imported coaches and machinery several laborers have lost their jobs or sent on forced leave. A limited number of loaders have been appointed by the administration on the platforms to carry the luggage of the passengers. It is stated that a particular amount of money is received by the administration as a bribe from these poor loaders. In return they are allowed to receive hundred rupees from the passenger to carry the luggage. (By Muhammad daheem) Epaper.pakobserver.net/ Pakistan Railway Travelling in Pakistan, these days is a big hassle. It takes more than one day's time to reach your destination by train whereas in developed countries, the situation is totally opposite. Even India is ahead of us in terms of providing quality travelling to its. A person needs a lot of free time to travel for work purpose or any emergency let alone a vacation. Pakistan Railways is passing through a huge crisis and has completely failed because

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of extra delays. The reason is lack of resources and fuel. Many engines are out of order and rail tracks are wrecked. Nothing is being done to fix them. Instead of improving Pakistan Railways' operational mechanism is worsening day by day. (Pakistan observer, article by Mannan Saeed, Islamabad)

4.2 Other issues behind the failure of Pakistan railways

Pakistan Railways have been running losses since mid seventies. This persistent failure owes to absence of a clear direction for the organization, a pessimistic organizational ethos resulting from years of decline and political interference indecision making to the detriment of commercial feasibility .Organizational roles and responsibilities remain diffused which create issues for accountability. A number of decisions have been centralized in the Board or the Executive Committee of the Board that absolves officers at the operational level of any accountability. While a detailed analysis of the organization requires a longer time period and more resources, some major issues identified are:

4.3 Absence of Clear Direction

However, there was no clarity on a vision for a desirable change. The vague sense of vision and direction also pervades the upper echelons of decision making. The Government has still not been able to articulate Clear direction for the national railways. In any case, in the absence of an overall national transport policy it is difficult to find a viable solution for railways in isolation. 4.4 Reasons of downfall of Pakistan railways

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Source: BLOGS.DUNYANEWS.TV/

There are some chronic problems that have perverted the performance of Pakistan railways which have been mentioned below. Shortage of Locomotives:

The Pakistan Railways has a total of 546 locomotives but only 290 are on track while the rest are out of order. Similarly, 70 per cent carriages are out of service. In a report submitted to Railway Ministry, it has been disclosed that as many as 70 locomotives are awaiting spares at Pakistan Locomotive Factory, Risalpur since 2004. Eroding Market Share:

Railway sector in Pakistan has not maintained its position in the transport sector. The market share of Pakistan Railways kept on declining with the passage of time. For example, annual passenger volume carried by Pakistan Railways in late 1970s was appro x. 145 million, which has come down to 59 million in 1992/93. The freight business was of PR was 15 million tons in late 1960s but has come down to 7 million tons. Roads have steadily become the more

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spreferred form of transportation. An example of PRs declining market share is that it is moving only 11% of total petroleum products and 2% of the total containers.

4.3 Soaring Budget Deficit

The biggest problem for Pakistan Railways is the soaring budget deficit. Although railways are traditionally not expected to earn profit. However, it is legitimate to expect from railways to meet at least operational expenses. Today Pakistan Railways with Rs.334 billion liabilities is at the verge of bankruptcy because of corruption, shortage of locomotives and losses incurred due to the running expenses. According to one report Rs 21 billion is spent on wages and pensions every month leaving the department less or nothing for maintenance of power and rolling stocks.

4.4 Huge Losses & Budget Deficit

The reason for this loss is the presence of unnecessary departments which are white elephant for Pakistan Railways. The biggest among those is the Railways Police that takes over Rs 1.5 billion including emoluments and other facilities followed by Stores and Purchase. These departments should be abolished from Railways without further delay. Their utility for railways is marginal at best. The Audit and Accounts, Railways Workshops Division, and General Administration staff need drastic cuts. These organizations are heavily overstaffed. If they will continue to ignore the presence of non-productive over staffed departments with very insignificant contribution in overall performance of Pakistan Railways, the department will continue to decline. It shall never be in a position to meet the expectations of public.

Railways are operating at low rates. A flexible policy for rates and fare requires to be adopted whereby freight rates could be varied according to the type of commodities as well as direction.
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4.5 Mismanagement

Currently Pakistan Railways is facing acute shortage of locomotives and spare parts for maintenance of out of service locomotives. Since independence little has been done to expand the railway network in Pakistan. As per the reports compiled by the design team, Pakistan Railways need 40 50 locomotives annually to run its operations effectively. However, during the past two decades only 100 locomotives have been added. The management of PR has failed to generate revenues through use of assets like land, locomotive factory, carriage factory etc.

The focus of Railway officials is on getting new locomotives while ignoring the improvement in operations and maintenance of existing locomotives. The plans to change broad gauge into standard gauge at this stage are not just costly but also unnecessary.

4.6 Decreased Market Share Over the years, Pakistan Railways could not maintain its share in the countrys transport sector. With Railway ministry shutting down operations of various trains, it is no wonder that the market share of Pakistan Railways in cargo transport has fall to mere 5% from 75% in 1960s and 1970s.

Around the world, railways are the cheapest and safest mode of transport and majority of goods transport is carried out via railways. However, in Pakistan the situation is completely different. The indifferent attitude of various governments, direct competition from NLC, container mafia and bus mafia are all behind the drastic condition of Pakistan Railways today. 4.7 Corruption

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Corruption is the biggest problem Pakistan Railways is facing today. The Railway Department has been suffering losses since years long. Contractor system is one of the causes of such losses. Moreover, there are enormous irregularities in local purchases. The number of officers cadre has increased considerably since 1977, mostly due to political appointments. It has been revealed that the crises are self generated creating a space for more corruption and PRACS-Pakistan Railways Advisory Commute Services is responsible for this mess. Selective services have been privatized by allotting its contract to different private parties to operate those privatized trains. Ironically the contract has been awarded only for ticketing and like buss conductors those private firms after selling out the ticket deposits payments into the Railways account. As per agreement after deducting its commission the contractors are legally bound to deposit the funds into the Railway account but due to the nexuses between Railways bosses and private contractors deposit the funds in private accounts. This illegal practice has confronted Railways with financial crunch where as the officials of Railways are least bothered for the interest of Pakistan. Some Railways circles insist that Pakistan Railways is still a viable and progressive organization, provided the rampant corruption could be controlled.

In short Pakistan Railways is a classic example of bad governance, poor policies, corruption and mismanagement.

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CHAPTER#5:

Action planning for the Increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of

Pakistan Railways.

According to researcher`s point of view there have attained some results After a careful diagnosis, the results were that Pakistan Railways need a mixture of techno-structural and collaborative interventions to recover from the current crisis.

5.1 Changing Structural Design

Pakistan Railways is a vertically integrated highly bureaucratic organization. The current organizational structure is a mixture of functional and divisional structures. The positions are divided into four classes:

1. Officer Cadre 2. Station Masters 3. Running Staff 4. Class Four comprises of labors, signal operators etc. The structure needs to be revamped into a more leaner and flexible one. A combination of divisional and network structure will be most appropriate for Pakistan railways. The PR management can retain the structure based on current divisions and create a network of these divisions for better management of operations and resources. 5.2 Downsizing

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The Pakistan Railways is an over staffed organization. Political appointments over the years have added to the problem and are the major reason behind organizations financial troubles. Departments like Railway Police, Stores & Purchase need to be abolished. Other over staffed departments like Audit & Accounts, General Administration etc. need drastic cuts in workforce. For successful implementation of downsizing be practiced. 5.3 Reengineering Pakistan Railways have great potential for growth. However, the current process and technology does not provide much room for implementing growth strategies. Pakistan Railways can improve the performance of its various functions and department through proper use of information technology. The areas where information technology can play a vital role include: Seat Reservations Freight Management Asset Management Track Management Rolling stock inventory Electric Billing Timetable

5.4 Alliance Interventions Apart from techno-structural interventions, Pakistan Railways can make good use of collaborative interventions to improve productivity. Instead of hiring information technology and database experts, Pakistan Railways can create an alliance with National Database & Registration Authority (NADRA) for developing Track Management and Seat Reservation

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Systems. Similarly Pakistan Railways can create alliance with China Railway Engineering Corporation (CREC) for expansion of railway tracks in Pakistan. 5.5 Network Interventions With the help of Public-Private Partnership, Pakistan Railways can create networks to operate some of its route for privatized trains. For creating such a network, PR can call for a private investors convention and brief those about the available opportunities select the organizations that can fit in the network best and implement networking strategies and evaluate the performance of networks periodically. For small routes Automatic Train Operation System can be implemented by creating a network of Pakistan Railways with US General Railway Signal Corporation (GRS), UK Westing House and Siemens Germany. 5.6 Comparisons Pakistan Railways In 1861 It was not very long ago when Pakistan railways was one of the three best railway system in Asia. The number of locomotives was that Pakistan railways claim to win its 502. The condition of the engines was efficient

Pakistan Railways 2012 Pakistan has now is very poor railway department because is facing losses due to mismanagement, poor maintenance and weak ticket checks that allow people to get away with paying for their tickets.

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A shortage of locomotives has compelled Pakistan railways to suspend more of its passenger trains.

There is no any proper maintenance of engines and a lot of tear and wear has been found.

Pakistan Railways is A Failure An official, on condition of anonymity, said the Pakistan Railways was facing losses because of mismanagement, poor maintenance and weak ticket-checking allowing people to get away without paying. Some political powers have also influenced the workings of the Railways, he said, adding that the federal government set the fares for PR, irrespective of the losses incurred (By Inaam Rao Monday, 8 Aug 2011 1:02 Am the International News Paper)

Recommendations First of all government should eliminate corruption in railway department. Government should ask Chinese for help in order to make it profitable organization because china has made wonderful progress in railway industry Pakistan is blessed with coal reserves and single THAR coal reserve of SINDH is about 850 trillion cubic feet which is more than oil reserves of KSA and IRAN put together 375 billion barrels. Pakistan railways should be privatized. This is also solution of problem because currently government of Pakistan has to be appeared the huge losses monthly.

Conclusion The political interference, nepotism, poor maintenance of track locomotives couches, bridges and mismanagement in almost every field are the major causes of failure Of Pakistan railways. locomotives purchased from china had been broken down may be mentioned here that normally

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a locomotive consists of six traction motors while Pakistan railways is operating them with only three or four motors. This is major cause of mid way of breakdown of trains. With growing interest in the development of Trans-Asian rail links, one might think that Pakistan Railways has a promising future. However, the Railway Ministry, the Railway Board and all the relevant agencies have to play their role to return Pakistan Railways to its glorious days. Before allocating any further funds to bail out the organization, government should force the management to undergo vast structural changes as recommended in this report. These changes can be implemented within a period of 3 5 years and once the changes have been made and evaluated then new investment plans can be made.

BIBLIOGRAPHY & REFERENCING

1. (P.R. Headquarters Office, Lahore, Railways Department Printed At The P.R. Press, Mughalpura By Directorate Of Information & Technology, 2010-2011.)(

Tuesday, November 27, 2012) 2. . (By Muhammad daheem) Epaper.pakobserver.net/ 3. (Pakistan observer, article by Mannan Saeed, Islamabad) 4. BLOGS.DUNYANEWS.TV/ 5.

6. www.pakrail.com, www.railwaygazette.com and www.pakistaniat.com

7. (By Inaam Rao Monday, 8 Aug 2011 1:02 Am the International News Paper) 8. ( 2 0 0 8 , T u e s d a y S e p t e m b e r 1 6 ) , D a i l y t i m e s w e b s i t e 9. National transport policy, the chartered institute of logistics and transport Pakistan, (2008, October).

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10.

P a k i s t a n r a i l w a ys a n n u a l b o o k , ( 2 0 0 8 / 2006/2007)

11. Central superior services Pakistan, blog by dr. farrukh malik 12. Lending for railways; Pakistan , the World Bank website, 2001 13. Ministry of railways- government of Pakistan 14. Encyclopedia Indian railways history http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/indian_railways_-_history/id/1501487 15. Study conducted of Pakistan railways advisory and consultancy services (pracs) 16. Prepared by javed hasan aly abdus sami khansheherbano burki faiza ghaffar khan web site: http://www.pracsltd.com.pk 17. Economic survey of Pakistan (2008/09) 18. The chronology of Pakistan railways by owais mughalowaism1971@yahoo.com(last updated( march 03, 2007) 19. 12.History' page Pakistan railway web site: http:// web site: http://www.pracsltd.com.pk 20. 14. A public sector project in response to the given subject overview and analysis of transport sector in Pakistan by dr. m. awais 21. 15. Manan saeed, Islamabad, Massive but targeted reforms are required to lift up the level of performance, credibility and image of the railways. 22. 16. (Friday, September 28, 2012,

zeqad 10, 1433). 23. 17. tribune express, Pakistan railways crisis (b y M u h a m m a d d a h e e m )

24. 18. c o p y r i g h t @ 2 0 1 2 e d u c a t i o n . p o w e r e d b y , t h e m e s b y q a z p o . c o m 25. 19. Human resources development policy - Pakistan railways (by maqsood a. khan) 26. 20. http://education.lokoi.com/pakistan railways
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27. 21. History page Pakistan railway web site: http://www/pakrail.com 28. 22.http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb092/is_n5_v24/ai_n28626234/19 hundred years of Pakistan railway (by m.b.k. malik) 29. www.pakrail.com 30. www.railwaygazette.com 31. www.wikipedia.com 32. www.pakistaniat.com 33. Article corruption in Pakistan railways published in pukhtoonistan gazette on (Friday, 26 November, 2010). 34. http://pak1stanfirst.com/201102253236/pakistan/economy/fixing-pakistan-railways.html 35. various articles and editorials published in daily dawn and the nation from july 2010 march 2011 36. http://www.privatisation.gov.pk/transport/pakistan%20railways.htm 37. http://blogs.dunyanews.tv 38. http://tribune.com.pk/story/413544/bad-deals-railways-can-buy-engines-from-chinesecompany-lhc-told/ 39. Pakistans economy. (M.Rehan Shaikh Dated 21 July 2012), http://www.aaj.tv/author. 40. http://tribune.com.pk/story/413544/bad-deals-railways-can-buy-engines-from-chinesecompany-lhc-told/ by by Azhar Nadeem on June 20, 2012. 41. http://paknews.pk/author/azharnadeemBY SANWAL MALIK 42. http://www.paktoday.com.pk/2012/09/27/news/national/, international the news 43. nation.com.pk/Pakistan-news-newspaper, November 27,2012
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