1.Chipko movement The Chipko Movement or Chipko Andolan is a social-ecological movement.

It was a the Gandhian methods of non-violent resistance, through the act of hugging trees to protect them from being felled. The modern Chipko movement started in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand on March 26, 1974. A group of peasant women in Reni village, Hemwalghati, in Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, India, camr forward to prevent the cutting of trees and reclaim their traditional forests. In 1987 the Chipko Movement was awarded the Right Livelihood Award. 2.Tebhaga Movement Tebhaga Movement was a sharecroppers movement demanding two thirds of the produce for themselves and one third for the landlord. Traditionally, sharecroppers used to hold their tenancy on fifty-fifty share of the produce. Tebhaga movement was organised in 1946 mainly by the communist cadres of the Bengal Provincial Krishak sabha. They raised the slogan.the total abolition of zamindari system. About 40% of the sharecropping peasants got tebhaga right from the landholders. Also the movement passed the 3.Telangana movement The Telangana movement refers to a group of related political activities organised to support the creation of a new state of Telangana, from the existing state of Andhra Pradesh. Soon after the formation of Andhra Pradesh, people of Telangana expressed dissatisfaction over how the agreements and guarantees were implemented. On 19 January 1969, all party accord was reached to ensure the proper implementation of Telangana safeguards. on 12 April 1969, Prime minister came up with Eight point plan. Telangana leaders rejected the plan. But protests continued under the leadership of newly formed political party Telangana Praja Samithi in 1969 asking for the formation of Telangana In 1972, the Jai Andhra movement, with the aim of re-forming a separate state of Andhra, was started in Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions. On 21 September 1973, a political settlement was reached with the Government of India with a Six-Point Formula. In 1985, when Telangana employees complained about the violations to six point formula in 2001, government constituted Girglani commission to look into violations. In 1997, the state unit of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) passed a resolution seeking a separate Telangana. A new party called Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), led by Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao was formed in 2001 with the single-point agenda of creating a separate Telangana state with Hyderabad as its capital.TRS president K. Chandrashekar Rao (KCR) raised his pitch for the separate state. On 29 November 2009, he started a fast-unto-death, On 9 December 2009, Union Minister of Home Affairs P. Chidambaram announced that the Indian government would start the process of forming a separate Telangana state.On 3 February, the government announced the five-member committee headed by Justice Sri Krishna that would look into the issue. In an allparty meeting on 6 January 2011 the Home ministry released the 505-page Srikrishna committee . The report discussed solutions like Keeping the State united, Bifurcation of the State into Telangana and Seemandhra. But it was boycotted by the TRS, BJP and TDP and the problem still remains unsolved. 4. New social Movements The classification based on Marxist theoretical framework focusing on class structure of the participants, with ultimate objectives to overthrough the present state aiming at bringing total change in production relation is considered as old social movement. They are also called

classical movements. These movements, it is argued, primarily focus on the state power and on class consciousness of the participants. As against this, some of the recent movements particularly in and after the 1960s in Europe such as peace movement, ecological movement, womens movement etc. are called new social movement. In India the movements around the issue of identity dalit, adivasi, women, human rights, environment etc. are also labeled as the new social movement. 1) The New Social Movements (NSM) are not directing their collective action to state power. They are concerned with individual and collective morality. 2. The new social movements are not classbased. They are multi-class. The new social movements are either ethnic or nationalist and plural. 3. The new social movements are confined to and concern with civil society. 4) NSMs are not around economic issues of land, wages or property. They are primarily concerned with self- identity and autonomy of an individual and community against the state, market and social institutions.