Chapter 3The Dynamic Earth

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. How did the Himalaya Mountains form? a. erosion b. convection c. glacial movements d. colliding tectonic plates

2. What are wind and water erosion not likely to affect? a. mountains c. tides b. rocks d. soil 3. Which of the following is the most geologically active region on the surface of Earth? a. glacial valleys c. boundaries between tectonic plates b. mountain peaks d. recharge zones 4. Which of the following are producers of oxygen? a. plants c. automobiles b. animals d. industries 5. The ozone layer is located in the a. stratosphere. b. ionosphere. c. thermosphere. d. troposphere.

6. Large-scale atmospheric phenomena caused by air that is constantly in motion is known as a. conduction. c. weather. b. convection. d. hurricanes. 7. What is the estimated temperature of Earths inner core? a. 3,000C to 4,000C c. 400C to 500C b. 4,000C to 5,000C d. 300C to 400C 8. The Richter scale best describes the a. location of a wave. b. frequency of a wave. c. duration of an earthquake. d. magnitude of an earthquake.

9. The molten rock that is found in the upper mantle is a. limestone. c. granite. b. magma. d. basalt. 10. Which of the following is not one of the compositional layers of Earth? a. mesosphere c. outer core b. mantle d. inner core 11. Which of the following is Earths densest atmospheric layer? a. mesosphere c. thermosphere b. stratosphere d. troposphere 12. In the troposphere, which of the following decreases as altitude increases? a. temperature c. pressure b. radiation d. Both (a) and (c) 13. Which of the following is not a mechanism of energy transfer through or within Earths atmosphere? a. radiation c. conduction b. condensation d. convection

14. _____ causes air to be denser near Earths surface. a. Gravity c. Condensation b. Temperature d. Evaporation 15. Without the greenhouse effect, Earths atmosphere would be _____ to support life. a. too hot c. too wet b. too cold d. lacking the oxygen 16. Which of the following includes all of the water on or near Earths surface? a. geosphere c. atmosphere b. hydrosphere d. lithosphere 17. Where is most of the fresh water on Earth located? a. in reservoirs and lakes c. in oceans b. in ice caps and glaciers d. in streams and tributaries 18. Ocean water _____ than fresh water. a. freezes at a higher temperature b. contains more salts 19. Deep currents flow along the a. ocean floor. b. ocean surface. c. supports fewer fish d. is less abundant c. thermocline. d. halocline.

20. Surface currents circulate in different directions, depending on the _____ in which they occur. a. hemisphere c. hydrosphere b. troposphere d. biosphere 21. Which of the following is the layer of the ocean extending from the base of the thermocline to the bottom of the ocean? a. surface layer c. deep zone b. thermocline d. bottom zone 22. With respect to energy, Earth is a(n) a. unstable system. b. stationary system. c. open system. d. closed system.

23. What part of Earth encompasses all areas where organisms can obtain the energy they need? a. biosphere c. atmosphere b. hydrosphere d. lithosphere 24. Currents at the surface of the ocean are driven by a. tectonic plates. c. salinity. b. gravity. d. wind. 25. With respect to matter, Earth is mostly a. an open system. b. a closed system. COMPLETION 1. The Richter scale is used by scientists to measure the amount of energy released by a(an) ____________________. 2. Earths thin outer layer is known as the ____________________. 3. Seismologists learn about the interior structure of Earth through measurement of the speed and direction of _________________________. c. an ecosystem. d. a biosphere.

4. Most of the geological activity at the surface of Earth takes place at boundaries between _________________________. 5. The removal and transport of surface material by water and wind is known as ____________________. 6. A(n) ____________________ is the vibration caused when there is movement along a fault. 7. In large volcanic eruptions, ash and gases can enter the atmosphere and reduce the amount of ____________________ that reaches Earths surface. 8. The second most abundant gas in Earths atmosphere is ____________________. 9. In the upper atmosphere, the form of oxygen that protects Earth from the suns ultraviolet rays is called ____________________. 10. A(n) ____________________ current consists of air or a liquid moving in a circular path as it is heated and cooled. 11. The atmosphere contains ______________________________ which trap radiated heat near Earths surface. 12. In the highest layer of the atmosphere called the thermosphere, gas temperature is high, but particle density of gas molecules is ____________________, so little heat can be transferred there. 13. Electrically charged atoms are called ____________________. 14. The flow of heat from a warmer object to a colder object when the objects are placed in direct physical contact is known as ____________________. 15. The continuous movement of water into the air, onto land, and then back to water sources is known as _________________________. 16. The ____________________ of sea water is a measure of the quantity of dissolved salts. 17. The _________________________ is a single, large, interconnected body of water that covers 70 percent of Earths surface. 18. The ocean both absorbs and releases heat _________________________ than land does. 19. Small streams and rivers that flow into larger ones are called ____________________. 20. During ____________________, liquid water is heated by the sun and then rises into the atmosphere as water vapor. 21. The force of ____________________ allows a planet to hold and maintain an atmosphere. 22. When _________________________ in the ocean flow past land, they influence the climate of the region. 23. The process that occurs when water vapor forms water droplets on dust particles is known as ____________________.

24. The _________________________ is the surface of the land where water enters an aquifer. 25. In a(n) _________________________, both matter and energy are exchanged between a system and a surrounding environment.