! ITS!IMPORTANT!TO!USE!THE!BIBLIOGRAPHY!ON!YOUR!PROJECT!BRIEF!!ALLOCATE!A! READING!NIGHT,!MAKE!CONSIDERED!NOTES!

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SEE!THE!BIBLIOGRAPHY!ON!YOUR!PROOJECT!BRIEF!!ALLOCATE!A!READING!NIGHT! WITH!A!FRIENDS,!STE!A!TIME!TO!DISCUSS!AN!AGREED!CHAPTERTHAT!YOU!HAVE!ALL! READ.!

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IN TERMS OF PAINTING, THE WORD MIGHT CONJURE UP IMAGES OF OIL PAINTINGS OF ARISTOCRATS AND HISTORICAL FIGURES GATHERING DUST IN PUBLIC GALLERIES AND! ! COUNTRY HOUSES. THE ARTISTS COMMISSIONED TO PAINT SUCH WORKS WOULD FIRSTLY BE ATTEMPTING TO RECORD A (FLATTERING) LIKENESS OF THEIR PATRONS, ! ! BUT ALSO SOMEHOW REPRESENT ASPECTS OF THEIR CHARACTER, THEIR OCCUPATION OR THEIR PERSONAL IDEOLOGY. CERTAIN CONVENTIONS HAVE EVOLVED WITHIN! !

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PORTRAITURE, SUCH AS SUBJECTS SITTING OR STANDING STILL; SMILING OR APPEARING DEEP IN THOUGHT; ! !
IN!TERMS!OF!PAINTING,!THE!WORD!MIGHT!CONJURE!UP!IMAGES!OF!OIL!PAINTINGS! OF!ARISTOCRATS!AND!HISTORICAL!FIGURES!GATHERING!DUST!IN! ! !PUBLIC!GALLERIES!AND!COUNTRY!HOUSES.!THE!ARTISTS!COMMISSIONED!TO!PAINT! SUCH!WORKS!WOULD!FIRSTLY!BE!ATTEMPTING!TO!RECORD!A! ! !(FLATTERING)!LIKENESS!OF!THEIR!PATRONS,!BUT!ALSO!SOMEHOW!REPRESENT! ASPECTS!OF!THEIR!CHARACTER,!THEIR!OCCUPATION!OR!THEIR! ! !PERSONAL!IDEOLOGY.!CERTAIN!CONVENTIONS!HAVE!EVOLVED!WITHIN! PORTRAITURE,!SUCH!AS!SUBJECTS!SITTING!OR!STANDING!STILL;!SMILING!OR! ! !APPEARING!DEEP!IN!THOUGHT;!SUBJECTS!ADDRESSING!THE!ARTIST/VIEWER! DIRECTLY!OR!LOOKING!PONDERINGLY!INTO!THE!DISTANCE.!THESE! ! !CONVENTIONS!STILL!DOMINATE!EVEN!CONTEMPORARY!PHOTOGRAPHIC!ART,!!

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A!YOUNG!WOMAN!STANDS!AT!THE!WINDOW!OF!FRIEDRICHS!STUDIO.!IT!IS! CAROLINE,!THE!PAINTERS!WIFE.!WITH!HER!BACK!TO!THE!VIEWER,!SHE!IS! ! !LOOKING!OUT!ACROSS!THE!RIVER!ELBE!TO!THE!OTHER!SIDE.!THE!BARE!INTERIOR!OF! THE!STUDIO!IS!COMPOSED!OF!STRICT!HORIZONTALS!AND! ! !VERTICALS.!IT!SEEMS!LIFELESS!AND!UNLIVED!IN.!THE!ONLY!SIGNS!OF!LIFE!ARE!THE! FIGURE!OF!THE!WOMAN,!THE!SIGHT!OF!THE!DELICATE!GREEN!OF! ! !THE!POPLAR!TREES,!AND!THE!WIDE!SPRINGTIME!SKY.!IN!THIS!WORK,!FRIEDRICH!HAS! ADOPTED!A!FAVORITE!THEME!OF!ROMANTICISM,!WHERE!THE! ! !FRAMEWORK!OF!A!WINDOW!LINKS!PROXIMITY!AND!DISTANCE!AND!EVOKES!A! LONGING!FOR!THE!UNKNOWN.!THE!OUTWARD!GAZE,!CONTEMPLATING!! ! NATURE,!ALSO!TURNS!INWARDS!TOWARDS!THE!INDIVIDUALS!OWN!SPIRITUAL! CENTER.!

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The$Supper$at$Emmaus!M!in!the!painUng!Jesus!reveals!himself!to!his!disciples!aaer!the! resurrecUon! ! 141!cm!!196.2!cm!

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PORTRAITURE,!IN!ITS!VARIOUS!FORMS,!IS!ONE!OF!THE!MOST! ESTABLISHED!GENRES!IN!EVERY!DIFFERENT!DISCIPLINE!OF!ART.!WE!TAKE! PHOTOGRAPHIC!PORTRAITS!FOR! !! GRANTED,!TAKING!THEM!HAS!BECOME!SO!INMGRAINED!AND!ALMOST! RITUALISTIC!WITHIN!OUR!LIVES.!! ! SUBJECTS ADDRESSING THE ARTIST/VIEWER DIRECTLY OR LOOKING PONDERINGLY INTO THE DISTANCE. ! ! THESE CONVENTIONS STILL DOMINATE EVEN CONTEMPORARY PHOTOGRAPHIC ART, ALTHOUGH THE GENRE CONTINUES TO! ! PROGRESS, IN TERMS OF STYLE, TECHNIQUE AND THE !

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LADY!AGNEW!IS!NO!EXCEPTION!HERE.!ALTHOUGH!SHE!SITS!WITH!A!TOTAL! COMFORTABLE!FAMILIARITY!WITH!HER!SURROUNDINGS!AND!TAKES!! ! OWNERSHIP!OF!THE!ROOM!MM!THE!"LANGUID!POSE",!HER!BACK!TO!THE!CORNER!OF! THE!CHAIR,!LEG!CROSSED!AND!ANGLED!FROM!HER!LEFT!TO!RIGHT,!THERE!IS!AN! ENERGY!(SUBTLE!THOUGH!IT!IS)!WHICH!IS!PALATABLE.!! ! BESIDES!THE!MOUTH!AND!HER!COCKED!EYEBROW,!!NOTICE!ALSO!THE!HAND!THAT! GRIPS!THE!CHAIR,!THE!EVER!SO!SLIGHT!DOWNWARD!TILT!OF!LADY!AGNEW'S!HEAD !!

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MARY!HILLIER!1872!!PASSIVE!PORTRAIT!!LOOKING!AWAY!

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SANDERS!MONUMENTAL!PROJECT!PEOPLE$OF$THE$TWENTIETH$CENTURY,!WHICH!HE! BEGAN!IN!THE!EARLY!1920S,!WAS!A!SERIES!OF!PORTRAITS!THAT!AIMED!TO! EXHAUSTIVELY!DOCUMENT!CONTEMPORARY!GERMAN!SOCIETY.!THE!PROJECT!GREW! TO!A!TOTAL!OF!AROUND!600!PHOTOGRAPHS,!CLASSIFIED!INTO!SEVEN!ARCHETYPAL! CATEGORIES:!! $ THE$FARMER,!! THE$SKILLED$TRADESMAN,!! THE$WOMAN,!! CLASSES$AND$PROFESSIONS,!! THE$ARTISTS,!! THE$CITY!AND!THE$LAST$PEOPLE.!! !

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THE FRATERNITY STUDENT, 1925, FROM THE SERIES PEOPLE OF THE 20TH CENTURY! ! ! SANDERS!DETACHED!OBSERVATIONAL!STYLE,!AND!HIS!INCLUSION!OF!IMAGES!OF! SOCIETYS!OUTCASTS!ALONGSIDE!ITS!SUCCESS!STORIES,!REFLECTED!HIS!PROFESSED! AIM!TO!SEE!THINGS!AS!THEY!ARE!AND!NOT!AS!THEY!SHOULD!OR!COULD!BE.! A!SELECTION,!PUBLISHED!IN!1929!AS!FACE$OF$OUR$TIME,!WAS!LATER!SEIZED!AND! DESTROYED!BY!THE!NAZIS,!AND!SANDER!WAS!DRIVEN!TO!ABANDON!PORTRAITURE! IN!FAVOUR!OF!LANDSCAPES.!AFTER!WORLD!WAR!II,!HE!RETURNED!TO!PEOPLE$OF$ THE$TWENTIETH$CENTURY!WITH!RENEWED!VIGOUR.!

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THE COMPOSER, (PAUL HINDEMITH), 1925, FROM THE SERIES PEOPLE OF THE 20TH CENTURY! !

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FILM!DIRECTOR!SERIES!M!ROBERT!ALTMAN,!LONDON!1993!

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FILM!DIRECTOR!SERIES!M!KRYSTOF!KIESLOWSKI,!LONDON,!1994 !

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ANDR!PUTMAN,!1989,!PHOTOGRAPHED!FOR!THE!GAP!

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DIJKSTRA!CONCENTRATES!ON!SINGLE!PORTRAITS,!AND!USUALLY!WORKS!IN!SERIES,! LOOKING!AT!GROUPS!SUCH!AS!ADOLESCENTS,!CLUBBERS,!AND!SOLDIERS.!HER! SUBJECTS!ARE!SHOWN!STANDING,!FACING!THE!CAMERA,!AGAINST!A!MINIMAL! BACKGROUND.!DURING!A!VISIT!TO!PORTUGAL!IN!1994,!SHE!MADE!PORTRAITS!OF! FOUR!BULLFIGHTERS!IMMEDIATELY!AFTER!THE!FIGHT.!! ! PHOTOGRAPHS!ARE!FULL!OF!CONTRADICTORY!HUMAN!IMMOTIONS,!PROUD,!BUT! VULNERABLE,!INVINCIBLE,!YET!TRAUMATISED.!

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MATADOR,!FROM!THE!BULLFIGHTER!SERIES,!FORTE!DA!CASAA,!PORTUGAL,!MAY! 20TH,!2000!

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MATADOR,!FROM!THE!BULLFIGHTER!SERIES,!FORTE!DA!CASAA,!PORTUGAL,!MAY! 20TH,!2000! !

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FROM!THE!SERIES,!ACTUAL!LIFE,!BEDGEBURY!2000! ! ! GLANVILLES!PHOTOGRAPHS!SEEM!TO!ARREST!THE!ATTENTION!OF!HIS!SUBJECTS,! BUT!WITHOUT!INTERRUPTING!THEM.!ONE!OF!THE!MANY!STRIKING!THINGS!ABOUT!! ! THE!PORTRAITS!OF!PEOPLE!IS!THEIR!UNSTARTLED!STILLNESS!M!HIS!SUBJECTS!ARE! REVEALED!BUT!NEVER!EXPOSED.!! ! HIS!PHOTOGRAPHS!SEEM!TO!GIVE!PEOPLE!A!SENSE!OF!THEMSELVES,!WITHOUT! EXPLOITING!THEIR!SELFMCONSCIOUSNESS!IN!FRONT!OF!THE!CAMERA!...THEY!MAKE! US!! ! WONDER,!FOR!A!MOMENT,!WHAT!IT!WOULD!BE!LIKE!IF!EMBARRASSMENT!WAS! DISPENSABLE;!IF!WE!WERE!UNDISTRACTED!BY!THE!CONSOLATIONS!OF!SHAME.! ! LOOKING!AT!THESE!PHOTOGRAPHS,!AND!BEING!LOOKED!AT!BY!THEM!THEIR! UNHARRASSED!OPENNESS,!THEIR!UNFUSSY!CLARITY!IS!LIKE!A!REINVENTING!OF!! ! CURIOSITY.![DECEMBER!2003]!REF.!V&A!

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ENGLAND!HAS!THE!HIGHEST!RATE!OF!TEENAGE!PREGNANCIES!IN!EUROPE!! THE!MEDWAY!TOWNS,!HAVE!THE!HIGHEST!NUMBER!OF!TEENAGE!PARENTS! IN!THE!COUNTRY.! ! THE!PROJECT!EXPLORES!TEENAGE!MOTHERS!AND!PARENTS.!SANK!NOTES!THE! VULNERABILITY!OF!THE!PARENTS!WHO!IN!EFFECT!ARE!CHILDLIKE! THEMSELVES! ! SANK!IS!INTERESTED!IN!SHOWING!THE!RELATIONSHIP!AND!BONDING!THAT! EXISTS!BETWEEN!YOUNG!PARENT!AND!CHILD!AS!WELL!AS!REVEALING!THE! DYNAMICS!THAT!ARE!APPARENT!BETWEEN!THE!MOTHER,!HER!PARTNER!AND! THE!EXTENDED!FAMILY.!

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INTO!THE!ARMS!OF!BABES!

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DAY!LABOURERS!SERIES!1!

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DAY!LABOURERS!SERIES!1! !

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WEN!WU,!A!CHINESE!ARTIST,!AND!IS!FROM!A!PERSONAL!PROJECT!DEPICTING! ARTISTS,!MUSICIANS!AND!OTHER!CREATIVES!WHO!LIVE!IN!THEIR!WORK!SPACES.! CLARKE!! ! SAYS:!THE$PORTRAITS$ARE$NOT$INTENDED$TO$ELICIT$SYMPATHY$FOR$THE$CASH? STRAPPED$ARTIST;$THEY$ARE$MORE$A$CELEBRATION$OF$PEOPLES$DEDICATION$IN$$ $ FOLLOWING$A$PATH$NO$MATTER$WHAT$THE$OBSTACLES.!

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CHARLES!FREGER!

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TASK 3: STUDIO PORTRAITURE !

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JEAN!COCTEAU!

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ERNEST!HERMINGWAY!

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About&Irving&Penn! IRVING!PENN!WAS!ONE!OF!THE!MOST!RESPECTED!PHOTOGRAPHERS!OF!THE!20TH! CENTURY.!IN!A!CAREER!THAT!BEGAN!AT!THE!PREMIERE!FASHION!MAGAZINE!VOGUE! IN!1943!AND!SPANS! ! !MORE!THAN!SIX!DECADES,!HE!CREATED!INNOVATIVE!FASHION,!STILL!LIFE,!AND! PORTRAIT!STUDIES.!HIS!PHOTOGRAPHS!ARE!DEFINED!BY!THE!ELEGANT!SIMPLICITY! AND!METICULOUS! ! !RIGOR!THAT!BECAME!THE!TRADEMARKS!OF!HIS!STYLE.! !!

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WORKING!IN!PARIS,!LONDON,!AND!NEW!YORK!IN!THE!EARLY!1950S,!PHOTOGRAPHER! IRVING!PENN!(AMERICAN,!19172009)!CREATED!MASTERFUL!REPRESENTATIONS!OF! SKILLED! !! TRADESPEOPLE!DRESSED!IN!WORK!CLOTHES!AND!CARRYING!THE!TOOLS!OF!THEIR! OCCUPATIONS.!!

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A!NEUTRAL!BACKDROP!AND!NATURAL!LIGHT!PROVIDED!THE!STAGE!ON!WHICH!HIS! SUBJECTS!COULD!PRESENT!THEMSELVES!WITH!DIGNITY!AND!PRIDE.! ! PENN!REVISITED!HIS!SMALL$TRADES!SERIES!OVER!MANY!DECADES,!PRODUCING!THE! ARCHIVAL!PROCESS!OF!PLATINUM/PALLADIUM!PRINTING.!!

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LOUISE!BOURGOIS:!SCULPTRESS!

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WILLIAM!BURROUGHS!

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OIL!WORKER,!FROM!THE!BOOK,!IN!THE!AMERICAN!WEST!

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SHAWNA!CALLAHAN,!13YRS!OLD,! ! CHEYENNE,!WYOMING,!30TH!JULY!1982!

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FROM!THE!SERIES!CLOSER!

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THE!RIDLEY!ROAD!PORTRAIT!PROJECT! ! PAUL!HAS!WORKED!ON!THE!MARKET!ON!AND!OFF!SINCE!HE!WAS!12!YEARS!OLD! ! HE!IS!ALSO!A!TRAINED!STAINED!GLASS!CRAFTSMAN! ! HE!BECAME!A!HEROIN!ADDICT!AND!HAD!TIME!OUT,! ! NOW!CLEAN!HE!WORKS!BACK!ON!THE!MARKET!ON!THE!SAME!STALL!!

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ORIGINALLY!FROM!JAMAICA,!JIM!CAME!TO!THE!UK!50!YRS!AGO! ! HE!HAS!RUN!HIS!BUTCHERS!SHOP!ON!THE!MARKET!FOR!30!YRS!

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WHEN!HENDRIK!KERSTENS!DECIDED!TO!DEDICATE!HIMSELF!ENTIRELY!TO! PHOTOGRAPHY!IN!1995,!HE!TURNED!TO!A!MODEL!VERY!NEAR!AT!HAND:!HIS! DAUGHTER!PAULA.!HE!WANTED!TO!! ! DOCUMENT!ALL!THE!IMPORTANT!MOMENTS!IN!HER!LIFE,!TO!BE!THERE,!TO! CAPTURE!SOMETHING!OF!THE!FLEETING!MOMENTS!THAT!FADE!FROM!MEMORY!ALL! TOO!QUICKLY.!THE!INQUISITIVE!EYE!! ! OF!THE!PHOTOGRAPHER!PLAYS!AN!IMPORTANT!PART!IN!THE!PROCESS:!HE!SETS!OUT! TO!CATCH!A!GLIMPSE!OF!HIS!SUBJECTS!SECRET!BEING!AND!TRIES!TO!UNDERSTAND! WHAT!IT!IS!HE!SEES.! !

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QUOTE!FROM!KERSTENS!HIMSELF:! ! ONE!DAY!PAULA!CAME!BACK!FROM!HORSEBACK!RIDING.!SHE!TOOK!OFF!HER!CAP! AND!I!WAS!STRUCK!BY!THE!IMAGE!OF!HER!HAIR!HELD!TOGETHER!BY!A!HAIRMNET.!IT! REMINDED!ME!OF!THE!! ! PORTRAITS!BY!THE!DUTCH!MASTERS!AND!I!PORTRAYED!HER!IN!THAT!FASHION.! AFTER!THAT!I!STARTED!TO!DO!MORE!PORTRAITS!IN!WHICH!I!REFER!TO!THE! PAINTINGS!OF!THAT!ERA.!THE!THING!! ! THAT!FASCINATES!ME!IN!PARTICULAR!IS!THE!WAY!A!SEVENTEENTHMCENTURY! PAINTING!IS!SEEN!AS!A!SURFACE!WHICH!CAN!BE!READ!AS!A!DESCRIPTION!OF! EVERYDAY!LIFE!AS!OPPOSED!TO!THE!! ! PAINTINGS!OF!THE!ITALIAN!RENAISSANCE,!WHICH!USUALLY!TELL!A!STORY.! NORTHERN!EUROPEAN!PAINTING!RELIES!MUCH!MORE!ON!CRAFTSMANSHIP!AND! THE!PERFECT!RENDITION!OF!THE!! ! SUBJECT.!THE!USE!OF!LIGHT!IS!INSTRUMENTAL!IN!THIS.!

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A!NUMBER!OF!THE!PORTRAITS!OF!PAULA!ARE!VERY!REMINISCENT!OF!JOHANNES! VERMEER!PAINTINGS.!THE!AUSTERITY!OF!THE!PHOTOGRAPH,!ITS!CLARITY,!THE! SERENE!EXPRESSION!ON!THE!! ! YOUNG!GIRLS!FACE,!UNTOUCHED!BY!THE!EXPERIENCES!OF!ADULT!LIFE!AND,!NOT! LEAST,!THE!CHARACTERISTIC!DUTCH!LIGHT,!ALL!COMBINE!TO!CREATE!THIS! IMPRESSION.!

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FROM!THE!SERIES,!DAYS!WITH!MY!FATHER! !

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FROM!THE!SERIES,!HUSTLER!

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