Student Mastery Activities Book

to accompany

How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education, 8e

by Jack R. Fraenkel Norman E. Wallen Helen H. Hyun The following activities will help you apply and practice the material presented in the textbook. Many of these activities are also provided in an electronic format under Interactive Activities organized by chapter on the OLC website. List of Activities CHAPTER 1: THE NATURE OF RESEARCH Activity 1.1: Empirical Vs. Nonempirical Research Activity 1.2: Basic Vs. Applied Research Activity 1.3: Types Of Research Activity 1.4: Assumptions ACTIVITY 1.5: GENERAL RESEARCH TYPES CHAPTER 2: THE RESEARCH PROBLEM Activity 2.1: Research Questions and Related Designs ACTIVITY 2.2: CHANGING GENERAL TOPICS INTO RESEARCH QUESTIONS Activity 2.3: Operational Definitions Activity 2.4: Justification ACTIVITY 2.5: EVALUATING RESEARCH QUESTIONS CHAPTER 3: LOCATING AND REVIEWING THE LITERATURE Activity 3.1: Library Worksheet ACTIVITY 3.2: WHERE WOULD YOU LOOK? ACTIVITY 3.3: DO A COMPUTER SEARCH OF THE LITERATURE CHAPTER 4: ETHICS AND RESEARCH Activity 4.1: Ethical or Not? ACTIVITY 4.2: SOME ETHICAL DILEMMAS ACTIVITY 4.3: VIOLATIONS OF ETHICAL PRACTICE ACTIVITY 4.4: WHY WOULD THESE RESEARCH PRACTICES BE UNETHICAL? ACTIVITY 4.5: IS IT ETHICAL TO USE PRISONERS AS SUBJECTS? CHAPTER 5: VARIABLES AND HYPOTHESES

Activity 5.1: Directional vs. Non-Directional Hypotheses ACTIVITY 5.2: TESTING HYPOTHESES ACTIVITY 5.3: CATEGORICAL VS. QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES ACTIVITY 5.4: INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES ACTIVITY 5.5: FORMULATING A HYPOTHESIS ACTIVITY 5.6: MODERATOR VARIABLES CHAPTER 6: SAMPLING Activity 6.1: Identifying Types of Sampling ACTIVITY 6.2: DRAWING A RANDOM SAMPLE ACTIVITY 6.3: WHEN IS IT APPROPRIATE TO GENERALIZE? ACTIVITY 6.4: TRUE OR FALSE? ACTIVITY 6.5: STRATIFIED SAMPLING ACTIVITY 6.6: DESIGNING A SAMPLING PLAN CHAPTER 7: INSTRUMENTATION Activity 7.1: Major Categories of Instruments and Their Uses ACTIVITY 7.2: WHICH TYPES OF INSTRUMENT IS MOST APPROPRIATE? ACTIVITY 7.3: TYPES OF SCALES ACTIVITY 7.4: NORM-REFERENCED VS. CRITERION-REFERENCED INSTRUMENTS ACTIVITY 7.5: DEVELOPING A RATING SCALE ACTIVITY 7.6: DESIGN AN INSTRUMENT CHAPTER 8: VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY Activity 8.1: Instrument Validity ACTIVITY 8.2: INSTRUMENT RELIABILITY (1) ACTIVITY 8.3: INSTRUMENT RELIABILITY (2) ACTIVITY 8.4: WHAT KIND OF EVIDENCE: CONTENT-RELATED, CRITERION-RELATED, OR CONSTRUCT-RELATED? ACTIVITY 8.5: WHAT CONSTITUTES CONSTRUCT-RELATED EVIDENCE OF VALIDITY? CHAPTER 9: INTERNAL VALIDITY Activity 9.1: Threats to Internal Validity ACTIVITY 9.2: WHAT TYPE OF THREAT? ACTIVITY 9.3: CONTROLLING THREATS TO INTERNAL VALIDITY CHAPTER 10: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS Activity 10.1: Construct a Frequency Polygon ACTIVITY 10.2: COMPARING FREQUENCY POLYGONS ACTIVITY 10.3: CALCULATING AVERAGES ACTIVITY 10.4: CALCULATING THE STANDARD DEVIATION

ACTIVITY 10.5: CALCULATING A CORRELATION COEFFICIENT ACTIVITY 10.6: ANALYZING CROSSBREAK TABLES ACTIVITY 10.7: COMPARING Z SCORES ACTIVITY 10.8: PREPARING A FIVE-NUMBER SUMMARY ACTIVITY 10.9: SUMMARIZING SALARIES ACTIVITY 10.10: COMPARING SCORES ACTIVITY 10.11: CUSTODIAL TIMES ACTIVITY 10.12: COLLECTING DATA CHAPTER 11: INFERENTIAL STATISTICS Activity 11.1: Probability ACTIVITY 11.2: LEARNING TO READ A T-TABLE ACTIVITY 11.3: CALCULATE A T-TEST ACTIVITY 11.4: PERFORM A CHI-SQUARE TEST ACTIVITY 11.5: CONDUCT A T-TEST ACTIVITY 11.6: THE BIG GAME CHAPTER 12: STATISTICS IN PERSPECTIVE Activity 12.1: Statistical vs. Practical Significance ACTIVITY 12.2: APPROPRIATE TECHNIQUES ACTIVITY 12.3: INTERPRET THE DATA ACTIVITY 12.4: COLLECT SOME DATA CHAPTER 13: EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH Activity 13.1: Group Experimental Research Questions ACTIVITY 13.2: DESIGNING AN EXPERIMENT ACTIVITY 13.3: CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ACTIVITY 13.4: RANDOM SELECTIONS VERSUS RANDOM ASSIGNMENT CHAPTER 14: SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH Activity 14.1: Single-Subject Research Questions ACTIVITY 14.2: CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE-SUBJECT RESEARCH ACTIVITY 14.3: ANALYZE SOME SINGLE-SUBJECT DATA CHAPTER 15: CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH Activity 15.1: Correlational Research Questions ACTIVITY 15.2: WHAT KIND OF CORRELATION? ACTIVITY 15.3: THINK UP AN EXAMPLE ACTIVITY 15.4: MATCH THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT TO ITS SCATTERPLOT ACTIVITY 15.5: CALCULATE A CORRELATION COEFFICIENT ACTIVITY 15.6: CONSTRUCT A SCATTERPLOT Activity 15.7: Correlation in Everyday Life

ACTIVITY 15.8: REGRESSION CHAPTER 16: CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH Activity 16.1: Causal-Comparative Research Questions ACTIVITY 16.2: EXPERIMENT OR CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE STUDY ACTIVITY 16.3: CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE VERSUS EXPERIMENTAL HYPOTHESES ACTIVITY 16.4: ANALYZE SOME CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE DATA CHAPTER 17: SURVEY RESEARCH Activity 17.1: Survey Research Questions ACTIVITY 17.2: TYPES OF SURVEYS ACTIVITY 17.3: OPEN- VS. CLOSED-ENDED QUESTIONS ACTIVITY 17.4: CONDUCT A SURVEY CHAPTER 18: THE NATURE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Activity 18.1: Qualitative Research Questions ACTIVITY 18.2: QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ACTIVITY 18.3: APPROACHES TO QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CHAPTER 19: OBSERVATION AND INTERVIEWING Activity 19.1: Observer Roles ACTIVITY 19.2: TYPES OF INTERVIEWS ACTIVITY 19.3: TYPES OF INTERVIEW QUESTIONS ACTIVITY 19.4: DO SOME OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH CHAPTER 20: CONTENT ANALYSIS Activity 20.1: Content Analysis Research Questions ACTIVITY 20.2: CONTENT ANALYSIS CATEGORIES ACTIVITY 20.3: ADVANTAGES VS. DISADVANTAGES OF CONTENT ANALYSIS ACTIVITY 20.4: DO A CONTENT ANALYSIS CHAPTER 21: ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH Activity 21.1: Ethnographic Research Questions ACTIVITY 21.2: TRUE OR FALSE? ACTIVITY 21.3: DO SOME ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH CHAPTER 22: HISTORICAL RESEARCH Activity 22.1: Historical Research Questions ACTIVITY 22.2: PRIMARY OR SECONDARY SOURCE? ACTIVITY 22.3: WHAT KIND OF HISTORICAL SOURCE?

ACTIVITY 22.4: TRUE OR FALSE? CHAPTER 23: MIXED METHODS RESEARCH Activity 23.1: Mixed-Methods Research Questions ACTIVITY 23.2: IDENTIFYING MIXED-METHODS DESIGNS ACTIVITY 23.3: RESEARCH QUESTIONS IN MIXED-METHODS DESIGNS ACTIVITY 23.4: IDENTIFYING TERMS IN MIXED-METHODS STUDIES CHAPTER 24: ACTION RESEARCH Activity 24.1: Action Research Questions ACTIVITY 24.2: TRUE OR FALSE? CHAPTER 25: PREPARING RESEARCH PROPOSALS AND REPORTS Activity 25.1: PUT THEM IN ORDER