U.S.

Foreign Policy First Exam Study Questions: While the questions may not appear in this exact form, these are the topics you will be responsible for on the examination. I will not chose these questions at random, but will deliberately select 2-4 essay questions for you to answer which will allow you to demonstrate mastery over the course content. Essay Questions. 1. Explain what George Modelski means by Long Cycles and give a complete example. Know how to apply this theory to the specific historical stages of Americas rise to great power status. Which elements does he think will be critical to Foreign Policy in the future? Long Cycles- 100years, world power, navy global reach, global trade (everywhere) ability to make your agenda look global, Policeman- trade running. U.S.- 5 stages, o 1. Agenda Setting- 1850- industrial revolution, changes economic bases and how to get economic, world trade? Marx- running everything, contained. Broken up into places, o Coalition- nation settings. 1873- Auto Von Bismarck- made Germany. o Macro- decision- 1914 WW1. 1945 WWII end- on top of world- U>S- we are boss, world power o Execution- Execute our agenda! Liberal Democracy. Four-freedom speech. We are a world power. We break from non interventionistsUnited Nations. o Leadership Challenger- Living becomes complacent, not maintaining the important global power and it starts to disincarnate power back into coalition. (Breaks up) Important- Future- Navy allied to air, space information.

2. Walter Russell Meade argues that the West has been essentially divided into two camps for much of modern history. Clearly identify these camps and explain how one group has come to so thoroughly dominate the other. (hint: he uses the Walrus and the Carpenter as a metaphor for the dominant group. Anglo Saxon Dutch- Liberal institutions Democracy, global sea power, global (open) trade, Active navy- blue water navy. - Religious- God is a liberal. Napoleon, Hitler, Kisser- not liberal stances, not democracy, destroy and hate the west, cant because God is a liberal. (Camps)

3. What enabled the British to rise to world dominance/ great power status? Does their rise to power have any significance for American Foreign Policy?

Piggyback on the Dutch, Marriage between Mary and William of Orange. Open trade, world dominance, and leaders in the Economy, full legitimacy- agenda setting- look like the worlds agenda, working for their interests/ messing with theirs. Not actually working for their agenda. Yes, follows the same patterns of what they want. (Long cycle question 1) liberal democracy, base factors, following Britains interests

4. Contrast Vladamir Putins critique of President Obamas term exceptionalism with its usage by McDougal in Promised Land, Crusader Nation. Trace Obamas use of the term exceptionalism to its historic roots. Does our foreign policy contain elements of exceptionalism? (Hint: In class, we discussed Obamas Syrian Policy in terms of Progressive Imperialism). P. O- the policy makes us exceptional Old Test- Elect- God given right. (Calvinists) Manifest Destiny- domestic policy. Exceptionalism trace- tie back to Beverage (1900- keep Philippians) Progressive imperialism Lord above made all man equal. Centralized out to do as much good as possible as long as we benefit. Its our moral obligation, born into oppurnity.- exeptionalism Monroe Doctrine5. Distinguished university professor, Mark Gismondi makes the curious claim that the United States did not have a foreign policy before World War I. Discuss. On what historical basis might this claim be made? Do you find it persuasive? No foreign Policy- isolationist- Washington and Adams- no crusades, no other business, only our selves. Not dealing without self Manifest Destiny- western boundary is set. Naturally settle, pieces of country- no taking more of America. (bigger country) NO! Unilateralism- not set down for built out for liberalism- what was set best for America War of 1812, everything falls into that. Governed by that. Spanish American War????? 6. How does Liberty define U.S. foreign policy? Give concrete examples from the Old Testament and New Testament eras Liberty Defines U.S. Foreign Policy- liberty is the core. Old Testament 2. Unilateralism- freedom-to do what America sees best in world settings 1. Liberty at home- foreign policy that protects liberty at home. (Neopolanic Wars) 3. Monroe- Protect unilateralism-American system not holy alliance balance of power Leaves room for vuanrablity 4. Manifest Destiny- Expansionism- (Dominion mandate) take the land we have been given and spread the liberty to them. Not Annexing Mexico. No crusades, forced liberty is bad!

New Testament- Beverage Idea of Liberty- progressive, realism not denied. Push liberty through. Willsionism- makes the world safe for democracy. Liberty at 7. Compare and Contrast the Old Testament and New Testament eras in U.S. Foreign Policy. New Testament Progressive Imperialism- different idea of exptionalism Willionain Internatialism How the prescribe it- social Darwinism- self government- not forbidding. Difference- how to seek to prescribe liberalism- willison- freedom for everyone-not exceptional (liberal aspect) Imperialism- go and conquer what is already ours. Regeneration of the earth Unilateralism- Americas autonomy, Washington farewell address. John Quincy Adams- Jay Treaty Liberty at HomeExpansionism- freedom to grow, geography, dominion mandate 8. Explain how the American Revolution shaped U.S. Foreign Policy Liberty- exeptionalism City on a Hill. Everyone wanted the common law. What are we fighting for/ living for. Protect what we are fighting for. Unilateralism. (Baseball Cake) expansionism- icing. 9. McDougal argues that American Foreign policy ought not to be understood as Isolationist as there have been frequent interactions with Europe. How does McDougal reframe the question of American involvement in World Affairs? Unilateralism- stay within our system dont get involved in intagleing others, tying interests are bad. Removes our ability to act out our liberty. 10. Explain how the Old Testament elements in U.S. foreign policy are parts of a whole. How do they complement one another? Baseball cake.

11. What motivated the United Kingdom to first propose a joint statement of the principle that became the Monroe Doctrine? Why does the United States refuse the British proposal? What was the United States trying to accomplish? Were they successful? Why? 1820s American Spanish colonies revolt- 100,000 men- troops. Men revolt. French king smashes rebellion. American does not want holy alliance to bring anti- republicanism. Joint declaration- take it hard, if mess with South America. Look like interests- Long cycle theory. Reject all not allowed in South America, we wont take (AR 4) None of Spains old colonies. Why- 1. Unilateralism- follows their own thing, no entanglement Save face pride, look like 2nd to Britain Renounced all claims on colonies. Cuba=nice state. Pick up Alaska- separate treaty with Russia- sell Alaska?

Yes they were successful- get away with sending Monroe doctrine first. No obligation of AR 4. Got out of a joint proclamation with Britain, allowed us to deal unilaterally with Russia.

12. Why were 19th century Americans so driven toward the expansion of the U.S.? How did they justify expansion in policy terms? Were there any critical differences between proponents of expansionism? Give examples. Manifest Destiny- covenantal, given- we have to work for. Do what go commands of you. City on a hill Not fulfilling their dominion mandate- Native Americans/Mexicans. Part of their freedom. Limit on expansion- limit on freedom. Critical Difference- Annexation of Mexico (Imperialists) 13. Did race and slavery play a significant role in U.S. Foreign policy? Explain how approaches to racial identity transformed in the 19th century and what impact, if any, it had on U.S. foreign affairs. Yes. 1898, race Slavery in the old testament-Annexation of Mexico Race and progressive ideals- we dont want to deal with them Cuba? Corruption of liberty- foreign policy affect.

14. Compare and Contrast the policy of the U.S. Government in the Mexican and Spanish American Wars. (Hint: carefully consider why we do not annex Mexico, but we do annex the Philippines). Social Darwinism and Social Gospel Ideas change. 15. Consider the era between 1840 and 1890 might compose an inter-testament period between the Old and New testaments. Do you find this idea persuasive? In what ways are U.S. policies shifting from a Promised Land to Crusader Nation Old Testament went on. Social Gospel and Social Darwinism getting more powerful. 1840s- annexation of Mexico- regeneration of nation. (Imperialism) Hawaii- 1894- no annexation- not majority white, Old Testament rule. 16. A close observer of U.S. foreign policy before 1920 would observe that the nations rhetoric was becoming more, rather than less religious. What role does religious rhetoric and values play in the formation of U.S. foreign Policy before World War I 1830s Great Awakening- millenniums- morally, Christian. Purify the nation. Temperance movement. Slavery abolish Rise in Social Darwinism- Critique expedition of the text- historical criticism. o Drop of Christian. NO religious connection. o Social Gospel- Social Darwinism and Millennialism

 Victorianism-

Brings on social imperialism lost the Christian aspect, election. More religious rhetoric with less religious values. Special Providence.

17. Evaluate this thesis: Before 1898, the foreign policy of the United States was largely consistent with the policies articulated by George Washington and John Quincy Adams: Liberty at home, unilateralism, and the American System. After 1898, Progressive Imperialism departed from these principles to remake the work, becoming entangled in systems of global power. Yes. Up until 1898 liberty at home. Unilateralism, American system. Save face. Protection for expansion. 1840- Mexican war (expansionism chapter) 1898- macro-decision- being the period of execution. The dates are bad! Not a solitary date. 18. Explain why Woodrow Wilson decisively broke with the Old Testament of U.S. Foreign Policy. What did he try to create in its place? Was he successful? Why or why not? Gismondi- Nothing so dangerous as a lapsed Calvinist- felt elect even without having covenantal reassurance of what God really wanted him to do. Liberal internatialism- world progressive. Moving forward in the world. Yes, not in 1918.but by social Darwin failing and the rise of cultural relativism. Shift from Victorianism to liberalism- end of humanity. ~Wilson- a Liberal? Internationalist- universal. o 14 points democracy. o Establish a league of nations- U.S. in charge- unilateralism breakage. (Collective actions) o Creating transparency- open diplomacy. Interest of democracy is in the interests of others. CANNOT BE WRONG. o 19. Evaluate the role of Woodrow Wilson in the transformation of U.S. Foreign Policy. Progressive Imperialists like Sen. Beveridge were already moving toward an internationalist foreign policy. Would we still have a New Testament without Woodrow Wilson? Yes to a New Testament- just different. Root and Lodge (hard reservationists) rather than liberal self-determination. Self-dismemberment of Germany. No liberal tendencies. Foreign Policy transformed- Victorianism married to Darwin. The in. (Daniel Walker Howe)- article by him) Liberal tendencies- hijack new test. Everyone deserves the right to like us. No social Darwin. Rape of Belgium 1923- coming of age in Soma- Margret Mead-cultural relativism Victorianism isnt the best anymore. Progressive imperialism- FDR four freedom speech- democracy morphed. Willistons idea of democracy (liberty) end everyone is working for. End transformation. Lied to in WWI 20. Why did the U.S. senate fail to ratify the treaty of Versailles?

Progressive imperialism- extension off old testament/new Idea impressing freedom on someone else- bad. Still unilateral, Monroe doctorin, believe in expansionism- stretching farther Social Darwists/no slavery- slave did not vote, not majority. Liberty is for everyone. 14 points- self-determination o Irreconcilables- Borah- 16- Unilateralism (O.T.) o 23 loyal democrats o 32 senators in the middle- Reservationists- no obligation, Preserve U.S. Limits Wilsons power. Was it really his fault? We are acting out of religious motivation Williams Jennings Bryant (Monkey Scopes Trial) 21. Consider the inter-war period in U.S. Foreign Policy (1919-1940)? Does this period represent a return to Old Testament principles in foreign policy or a continuation of Progressive Imperialism? Progressive Imperialism- 1937 FDR 1930- depression- kills the progressives (or the idea of saving others, save ourselves) Free trade no more. Arms race- No U.S World War II- Japan, Limited resources, no war, trading with Japan Germans- unilateral, self- defense, distribution of things equally. We dont sell war materials. Bad for the merchant marines. Allies go broke- Lend lease act- U.S. can lend or lease war weapons/ supplies for any country that was vital to the defense of U.S. Japan enters China in 37. Replacing the open door policy. Aggressively evangelizing this part of the world. Japan states that they wont enter South Vietnam if U.S. continues to trade. (Wilson) terms of policy is the same (Wilson and FDR) U.S. looks extremely idealistic Standing on our principles Liberal internationalism carries better without Wilson rather than with Wilson. Triumph we do what Wilson promises us to do. Terms: Alfred Thayer Mahan- the influence of the sea. Oliver Cromwell-lead the Puritans in the Glorious Revolution and became an English leader and declared religious tolerance. Balance of Power Holy Alliance- Prussia, Russia and Austria The Six Elements in U.S. Foreign Policy identified by McDougal (Liberty, Unilateralism, etc) Liberal International, Progressive Imperialism. Expetionalism, expansionism What does McDougall mean by the Good- self focused, Unilateralism trying to take care of people, the Bad- Imperialism, and the Ugly- Realism and amoral John Quincy Adams- (Speech) Stay away from European wars (Trade is okay.) Washingtons Farewell Address- Unilateralism- stay way, does your own thing. Dont get involved where you shouldnt (European Alliance) partincenship= bad

Monroe Doctrine- The American system- keeps our selves out of Latin America, what was Spains stays Spains. French Revolution- dont get involved. War of 1812Jay Treaty- 1794- most favored nation status with British West Indies grounds. No compensation with what British was doing to our sailors. American System- Monroe Doctrine? Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Manifest Destiny Andrew Jackson Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (taking away land) 54 40 or Fight- Polks campaign policy. All the way to Alaska. Spot Resolutions- Lincoln- which spot did the war on Mexico start. Mexican War Spanish American War Platt Amendment-Cuba signed a lease to U.S. Hawaii-Annex in 1894, wouldnt do that because not majority white. 14 Points League of Nations- unified front that failed. No more war. Treaty of VersaillesLiberal Internationalism Know the different factions in the U.S. Senate on the question of Versailles. -Irreconcilables wouldnt go for the League of Nations, loyal democrats- go with it. Hard and soft reservationshow many reservations. Did that want to amend Henry Cabot Lodge=hard reservationists Gerald Nye-that dude that ran our foreign policy in the 30s