British Standard

Licensed Copy: lbocvzr lbocvzr, University of Loughborough, 19 March 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

A single copy of this British Standard is licensed to

lbocvzr lbocvzr

19 March 2004

This is an uncontrolled copy. Ensure use of the most current version of this document by searching British Standards Online at bsonline.techindex.co.uk

BRITISH STANDARD

Copper/chromium/arsenic preparations for wood preservation

Licensed Copy: lbocvzr lbocvzr, University of Loughborough, 19 March 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

ICS 71.100.50

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

BS 4072:1999

BS 4072:1999

Committees responsible for this British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee B/515, Wood preservation, to Subcommittee B/515/2, Specification and chemical testing for wood preservatives, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Scientists British Telecommunications plc British Wood Preserving and Damp-proofing Association Chemical Industries Association Creosote Council Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions represented by the Building Research Establishment Timber Research and Development Association Timber Trade Federation Coopted members

Licensed Copy: lbocvzr lbocvzr, University of Loughborough, 19 March 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Sector Committee for Materials and Chemicals, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect on 15 December 1999 BSI 12-1999 First published as BS 4072, October 1966 Second edition, March 1974 Third edition, as BS 4072-1 and BS 4072-2, August 1987 Fourth edition, as BS 4072, December 1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/515/2 Draft for comment 96/107885 DC ISBN 0 580 33077 X

Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments

BS 4072:1999

Contents
Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Composition 1 4 Sampling 2 5 Insoluble matter 2 6 pH value of solution 2 7 Analysis 2 Annex A (normative) Determination of insoluble matter 3 Annex B (normative) Determination of pH 3 Annex C (informative) Guidance on the treatment and drying of treated timber and on the properties of treated timber 4 Annex D (informative) Method for determination of the concentration of a working solution using a hydrometer 5 Bibliography 7 Figure D.1 Example of a nomogram which can be used to determine the concentration of a working solution of preservative from information on temperature and specific gravity 6 Table 1 Nominal and minimum proportions of components in formulations based on hydrated salts 1 Table 2 Nominal and minimum proportions of components in formulations based on metal oxides 2

Licensed Copy: lbocvzr lbocvzr, University of Loughborough, 19 March 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

BSI 12-1999

BS 4072:1999

Foreword
This British Standard has been prepared by Subcommittee B/515/2. It supersedes BS 4072-1:1987 and BS 4072-2:1987, which are withdrawn. This revision of BS 4072 gives the specification for copper/chromium/arsenic (CCA) wood preservatives, for use in the United Kingdom, previously given in BS 4072-1. Oxide based formulations are now also specified. Guidance on methods for timber treatment, previously covered by BS 4072-2, is now given in an informative annex. WARNING. This standard calls for the use of substances that may be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and does not absolve the user from legal obligations relating to health and safety at any stage.

Licensed Copy: lbocvzr lbocvzr, University of Loughborough, 19 March 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Attention is drawn especially to the hazardous nature of the formulations and their solutions. Particular care and the use of appropriate protective clothing is necessary. Special precautions are required for the disposal of solutions. Annexes A and B are normative. Annexes C and D are informative. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. In particular, attention is drawn to the fact that products conforming to BS 4072 require approval under the Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986 [1] before they can be supplied, stored, advertised or used in the United Kingdom.

Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 7 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.

ii

BSI 12-1999

BS 4072:1999

1 Scope
This standard specifies requirements for two types of waterborne preservatives containing mixtures of compounds of copper (II), chromium (VI) and arsenic (V) for application to timber to protect it against attack in service by wood-destroying organisms.
NOTE 1 Test methods are given in annex A and annex B and guidance on methods of timber treatment is given in annex C. NOTE 2 The preparations are not necessarily suitable for all wood preservation applications. Advice on their suitability is given in BS 1282 and in commodity specifications and codes of practice for timber preservation.

3 Composition
3.1 Raw materials The preservatives shall consist of a mixture of compounds of copper (II), chromium (VI) and arsenic (V).
NOTE 1 The preferred mixtures of compounds are as follows: a) copper (II) sulfate, sodium dichromate and hydrated arsenic (V) oxide; b) copper (II) oxide, chromium (VI) oxide and arsenic (V) oxide. NOTE 2 Minor additives are permitted.

Licensed Copy: lbocvzr lbocvzr, University of Loughborough, 19 March 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this British Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. BS 1647-1:1984, pH measurement Part 1: Specification for pH scale. BS 1752:1983, Specification for laboratory sintered or fritted filters including porosity grading. BS 1792, Specification for one-mark volumetric flasks. BS 2586, Specification for glass and reference electrodes for the measurement of pH. BS 2648, Performance requirements for electrically-heated laboratory drying ovens. BS 3145, Specification for laboratory pH meters. BS 5666-1, Methods of analysis of wood preservatives and treated timber Part 1: Guide to sampling and preparation of wood preservatives and treated timber for analysis. BS 5666-3, Methods of analysis of wood preservatives and treated timber Part 3: Quantitative analysis of preservatives and treated timber containing copper/chromium/arsenic formulations. BS EN ISO 3696:1995, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods.

3.2 Formulation Two formulations are specified (designated type 1 and type 2, respectively). The nominal proportion and the minimum proportion of each component in the preservative formulation shall be as specified in Table 1 for salt based formulations or as specified in Table 2 for oxide based formulations. The sum of the proportions of the individual components shall be not less than 95 % (m/m).
NOTE 1 Variations in composition from the nominal composition can arise because of variations in the purity of the ingredients of the mixture.

The preservatives shall be supplied as mixtures.

NOTE 2 The usual forms are as a paste or as a concentrated solution for subsequent dilution. NOTE 3 Preservatives as supplied can vary in concentration as a result of variations in water content.

The containers in which the preservatives are supplied shall carry information on the mass of the preservative mixture equivalent to unit mass of the preservative formulation as specified in Table 1 or Table 2, as applicable.

Table 1 Nominal and minimum proportions of components in formulations based on hydrated salts
Component Type 1 preservatives Nominal % m/m Minimum % m/m Type 2 preservatives Nominal % m/m Minimum % m/m

Copper (as CuSO4.5H2O)

32.6

29.5 37.0 23.5

35.0 45.0 20.0

31.5 40.5 18.0

41.0 Chromium (as Na2Cr2O7.2H2O) Arsenic (as As2O5.2H2O)

BSI 12- 1999

26.4

BS 4072:1999

Table 2 Nominal and minimum proportions of components in formulations based on metal oxides
Component Type 1 preservatives Nominal % m/m Minimum % m/m Type 2 preservatives Nominal % m/m Minimum % m/m

Copper (as CuO) Chromium (as CrO3) Arsenic (as As2O5)

17.1 45.3 37.6

15.5 40.9 33.5

19.1 51.4 29.5

17.2 46.3 26.6

Licensed Copy: lbocvzr lbocvzr, University of Loughborough, 19 March 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

4 Sampling
The preservative mixture shall be sampled in accordance with BS 5666-1.

6 pH value of solution
When tested in accordance with annex B the pH value of a solution containing the equivalent of 20 g/l of the salt based preservative formulation, or the equivalent of 12 g/l of the oxide based preservative formulation, shall be in the range 1.8 to 2.8.

5 Insoluble matter
When tested in accordance with annex A, the content of insoluble matter in the preservative mixture shall be not more than 0.1 % (m/m).

7 Analysis
The copper, chromium and arsenic contents of the preservative mixture shall be determined in accordance with BS 5666-3 on a sample prepared in accordance with BS 5666-1.

BSI 12- 1999

BS 4072:1999

Annex A (normative) Determination of insoluble matter

A.1 Reagent A.1.1 Water, conforming to grade 3 as specified in BS EN ISO 3696:1995. A.2 Apparatus Ordinary laboratory apparatus, together with the following.

A.5 Calculation Calculate the quantity of insoluble matter in the preservative mixture (M) as a percentage by mass (% m/m) using the following equation: m 2 m1 M= 2 3 100 m3 where: m1 m2 m3 is the mass of the dried sintered glass filter in grams (g); is the mass of the sintered glass filter and residue after drying in grams (g); is the mass of the test portion (see A.3) in grams (g).

Licensed Copy: lbocvzr lbocvzr, University of Loughborough, 19 March 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

A.2.1 Sintered glass filter, pore size index P40 conforming to BS 1752:1983. A.2.2 Laboratory drying oven, capable of being adjusted to (105 5) 8C, conforming to BS 2648. A.2.3 One-mark volumetric flask, 500 ml capacity, conforming to BS 1792. A.2.4 Analytical balance. A.3 Preparation of test portion Place a sintered glass filter (A.2.1) in the drying oven (A.2.2) previously adjusted to (105 5) 8C. Dry for a period of 1 h, transfer to a desiccator and allow to cool to room temperature. Weigh the filter then repeat the drying, cooling and weighing operations until the difference between two successive weighings is not greater than 0.5 mg. Take a mass of the preservative sample which contains the equivalent of (10 0.1) g of the salt based formulation or (6 0.1) g of the oxide based formulation and weigh it to the nearest 0.001 g. Transfer this test portion to a beaker and dissolve it in 250 ml of warm water (not exceeding 40 8C), stirring continuously. Allow the solution to cool to room temperature and filter it through the pre-weighed sintered glass filter into a 500 ml one-mark volumetric flask (A.2.3). Wash the beaker and the residue five times with (10 1) ml portions of warm water (not exceeding 40 8C), collecting the washings in a clean beaker. Allow the washings to cool to room temperature and then quantitatively transfer the washings to the 500 ml flask. Dilute to the mark with water (A.1.1) and reserve for the determination of the pH value (see annex B). A.4 Determination Transfer the sintered glass filter containing the residue from A.3 to the drying oven (A.2.2) previously adjusted to (105 5) 8C. Dry for a period of 1 h, transfer to a desiccator and allow to cool in the desiccator to room temperature. Weigh the filter then repeat the drying, cooling and weighing operations until the difference between two successive weighings is not greater than 0.5 mg.

Annex B (normative) Determination of pH

B.1 Reagent B.1.1 Water, conforming to grade 3 as specified in BS EN ISO 3696:1995. B.2 Apparatus Ordinary laboratory apparatus, together with the following. B.2.1 Sintered glass filter, pore size index P40 conforming to BS 1752:1983. B.2.2 pH meter, conforming to BS 3145, fitted with electrodes conforming to BS 2586. B.2.3 One-mark volumetric flask, 500 ml capacity, conforming to BS 1792. B.2.4 Analytical balance. B.3 Preparation of test solution Follow the procedure described in A.3 to obtain a test solution of the preservative in a 500 ml one-mark volumetric flask.
NOTE If the pH value alone is to be determined, there is no necessity to dry and weigh the sintered glass filter.

B.4 Determination Determine the pH of the test solution prepared in accordance with A.3 at (20 1) 8C using the pH meter (B.2.2) in accordance with the procedure described for accuracy class 0.3 given in BS 1647-1:1984, B.4.

BSI 12-1999

BS 4072:1999

Annex C (informative) Guidance on the treatment and drying of treated timber and on the properties of treated timber
C.1 General This annex gives guidance on the treatment of timber using waterborne copper/chromium/arsenic (CCA) wood preservative formulations conforming to this standard. C.2 Preservative solution C.2.1 Preparation of working solution The working solution should be prepared from one of the formulations specified in this standard and should be mixed thoroughly before initial use. The concentration of the working solution can be determined using a hydrometer, using the method given in annex D. C.2.2 Storage temperature The working solution temperature should not be allowed to exceed 40 8C, as this can lead to solution instability, deposition of active ingredients and sludge on treated timbers. C.2.3 Analysis of working solution If required, the proportions of the active ingredients in the working solutions can be determined in accordance with BS 5666-3. The pH can be determined using the method given in annex B. C.3 Loading of timber in the treatment cylinder As far as practicable, only timbers of the same species and similar cross-sectional areas should be treated in the same charge. Timbers for which different schedules are appropriate, owing to either size or species, should not be treated in the same charge, unless the most intense schedule can be applied without detriment to those timbers that are more easily treated. The timber should be stacked in the cylinder in such a way that the CCA preservative solution has free access to all surfaces of the timber. If necessary, the timber should be separated by sticks or laths.
NOTE The use of sticks or laths is particularly important when planed timber is to be treated.

C.4.2 Full cell (Bethel) process C.4.2.1 Initial vacuum stage The timber should be subjected to an initial vacuum of at least 20.8 bar (20.8 3 105 Pa)1) and maintained at this pressure for an appropriate time. C.4.2.2 Flooding On completion of the initial vacuum stage the treatment cylinder should be flooded with preservative solution before the vacuum is released. C.4.2.3 Pressure stage The timber and preservative in the cylinder should be subjected to a minimum hydraulic pressure of 12.4 bar (12.4 3 105 Pa)1) for an appropriate time. The pressure period begins when the pressure first reaches 12.4 bar. Under exceptional circumstances a lower pressure [minimum 10 bar (10 3 105 Pa)1)] and consequent extension of the pressure period is necessary to avoid collapse of the timber. C.4.2.4 Final vacuum stage At the end of the pressure stage, the cylinder should be emptied of preservative solution and a final vacuum should be applied. The vacuum should be released as soon as the gauge reading reaches a vacuum of 20.8 bar (20.8 3 105 Pa)1), or after 15 min, whichever is the sooner. C.4.3 Empty cell (Lowry) process C.4.3.1 Flooding After loading, the cylinder should be flooded with preservative solution at atmospheric pressure. C.4.3.2 Pressure stage The timber and preservative in the cylinder should be subjected to the pressure recommended in C.4.2.3, for an appropriate period. C.4.3.3 Final vacuum stage If a final vacuum stage is required, the procedure described in C.4.2.4 should be carried out. C.5 Post treatment processing of treated timber C.5.1 Post treatment storage Under the Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986 [1] it is required that timber freshly treated with CCA wood preservative that has not undergone an accelerated fixation process is stored on-site for at least 48 h before despatch to allow the timber to drain and to allow fixation to commence.

Licensed Copy: lbocvzr lbocvzr, University of Loughborough, 19 March 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

C.4 Treatment schedules C.4.1 General Treatment schedules for waterborne CCA preservatives are normally based on high vacuum and pressure cycles, and are carried out industrially in sealed treatment cylinders. Examples of a full cell (Bethel) process and an empty cell (Lowry) process are given in C.4.2 and C.4.3, respectively.
1)

Pressure values given are relative to a gauge pressure of zero bar at atmospheric pressure.

BSI 12-1999

BS 4072:1999

C.5.2 Accelerated fixation Accelerated fixation systems increase the rate at which fixation takes place. Under controlled conditions timber subjected to an accelerated fixation process can be moved from the treatment site less than 48 h after treatment, but advice on this should be sought from the preservative manufacturer. The accelerated fixation process involves an input of energy to the timber to raise its temperature and hence increase the rate of fixation. This can be achieved by a variety of methods including steaming and immersion in hot water.

Licensed Copy: lbocvzr lbocvzr, University of Loughborough, 19 March 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

C.5.3 Drying of treated timber Treated timber will dry naturally with adequate air circulation. If treated timber is required at a specific moisture content or is required to be dried more quickly then it can be kiln dried, taking precautions to avoid movement or splitting. The rate of drying of treated timber should be carefully controlled or it will affect fixation. C.6 Post treatment operations on treated timber C.6.1 Additional preservative treatment after fabrication It is recommended that all fabrication such as crosscutting, notching or drilling for bolts should be completed before treatment. However, if it is unavoidable that such operations are carried out after any pressure impregnation treatment, the exposed surfaces of the timber should be treated liberally, by brushing, spraying or dipping, with a preservative formulation recommended by the preservative manufacturer. This remedial treatment will not replace the full preservative protection of the impregnation process. C.6.2 Painting Any treated timber that is to be stained, painted or varnished should be allowed to dry to the moisture content specified by the supplier of the coating. The surface of the dried timber should be brushed to remove any surface deposits. C.6.3 Gluing The preservative manufacturer should be consulted for recommended adhesives. Before application of the adhesive the treated timber should be lightly sanded or brushed with a wire brush to remove any surface deposits. The adhesive manufacturer's instructions concerning the moisture content of the timber should be followed. C.6.4 Application of metal fixings CCA treated timber has a long life expectancy, therefore metal fixings should be chosen to give a comparable life. Certain types of metal fixing are liable to corrode if the wood in which they are embedded becomes wet.
BSI 12-1999

Where there is a risk that the moisture content of the timber will exceed 20 % (m/m), the metal fixings should be chosen so that the effects of corrosion are minimized taking the following into account. a) Fittings to the timber should not be fixed until 14 days after treatment or until the moisture content has fallen below 20 % (m/m). b) If the timber is likely to become wet and a long service life is required, fittings of austenitic stainless steel (excluding free machining grades), or copper or silicon bronze should be used in preference to other types of fitting. c) Account should be taken of the likelihood of corrosion against intended service life of the component in selecting such fittings.
NOTE 1 If only occasional dampness is expected, coated low carbon steel (e.g. sherardized, galvanized or cadmium plated) fittings can be used. Better performance will be obtained from fittings with thicker coatings.

d) Fittings of unprotected low carbon steel, iron and aluminium should be used only on timber the moisture content of which is expected to remain below 20 % (m/m) for most of its service life and then only in indoor or well protected environments. Aluminium alloys containing copper should not be used. e) Sheet aluminium roof coverings or claddings should not be used in direct contact with CCA treated timber.
NOTE 2 Aluminium roof coverings or claddings can be used if a bitumen emulsion, bitumen barrier paper or felt or other suitable water repellent barrier is placed between the timber and the aluminium sheeting.

Annex D (informative) Method for determination of the concentration of a working solution using a hydrometer
D.1 Apparatus D.1.1 Hydrometer, conforming to series L50 as specified in BS 718:1991, graduated for medium surface tension and calibrated relative to water at a temperature of (15.5 0.1) 8C. D.1.2 Glass cylinder, of nominal capacity 500 ml, preferably ungraduated but otherwise conforming to BS 604. D.1.3 Thermometer, total immersion type, conforming to BS 593:1989. Type A 40 C is suitable. D.2 Procedure Obtain a representative sample of about 500 ml of the working solution. Transfer the solution to the glass cylinder (D.1.2) and place the cylinder on a level surface.

BS 4072:1999

Insert the thermometer (D.1.3) into the solution and when the temperature has reached equilibrium with its surroundings and has remained constant for 1 min record the temperature and then remove the thermometer from the solution. Ensure that the hydrometer (D.1.1) is clean and dry. Place the hydrometer in the solution and when it has settled to a constant level read off the solution level on the graduated scale on the stem of the of the hydrometer, with the eye directly in line with the surface of the solution. Record the reading to the nearest 0.000 5.

Using an accurately prepared nomogram specific to the preservative formulation (normally supplied by the preservative manufacturer) (see Figure D.1), place a straight edged ruler across the temperature and hydrometer reading (specific gravity) scales at the points recorded for the solution sample. The concentration (in grams per litre) of the solution under test is given by the point at which the ruler intersects the concentration scale.

Licensed Copy: lbocvzr lbocvzr, University of Loughborough, 19 March 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Figure D.1 Example of a nomogram which can be used to determine the concentration of a working solution of preservative from information on temperature and specific gravity 6
BSI 12-1999

BS 4072:1999

Bibliography
Standards publications BS 593:1989, Specification for laboratory thermometers. BS 604:1982, Specification for graduated glass measuring cylinders. BS 718:1991, Specification for density hydrometers. BS 1282:1999, Wood preservatives Guidance on choice, use and application. Other document [1] GREAT BRITAIN. Control of Pesticides Regulations 1986. SI 1986/1510. London: The Stationery Office.

Licensed Copy: lbocvzr lbocvzr, University of Loughborough, 19 March 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

BSI 12-1999

BS 4072:1999

Licensed Copy: lbocvzr lbocvzr, University of Loughborough, 19 March 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

BSI British Standards Institution

BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover. Tel: 020 8996 9000. Fax: 020 8996 7400. BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards. Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services. Tel: 020 8996 9001. Fax: 020 8996 7001. In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested. Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service. Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services. Contact the Information Centre. Tel: 020 8996 7111. Fax: 020 8996 7048. Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration. Tel: 020 8996 7002. Fax: 020 8996 7001. Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies. Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission from BSI. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained. If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing agreement. Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager. Tel: 020 8996 7070.