Trade Trend of Pakistan2

Economics Trade trends of Pakistan
INTRODUCTION
International Trade has always a key role in the economy of any country. Without
international trade we would all be much poorer. There would be some items like
pineapples, clothes, uranium, oil, other consumer goods etc that we would simply have to
go without. Then there would be other items like aircrafts, automobiles, drinks that we
could only produce very inefficiently.
International trade has the potential benefit for all the participating countries.
The report contains the material about the imports and exports of Pakistan. The export
data in this report relate to Pakistan` s exports to foreign countries via sea, land and air
routes. Bulk of the foreign sea-borne trade is recorded at the Karachi port. Pakistan` s
trade via land route is carried on with the neighboring countries, through Torkham,
Chaman, Lahore, Quetta and Gilgit. Export statistics are a complete record of physical
movement of merchandise out of Pakistan o foreign countries. Imported goods
subsequently re-exported to foreign countries without further processing were included in
up to July 1967 but from August 1967 onwards re-exports data have been tabulated and
presented separately.
The following are excluded from export statistics:
i) Defense stores.
ii) Gold and silver coins or bullion and currency notes.
iii) Non-dutiable articles of baggage and personal effects of passengers.
iv) Trade in-transit through Pakistan.
Generally it is seen that Pakistan is most often having trade deficits, only “thrice” it has
got surplus. The balance of trade in deficits is not a good sign for the trade of a country.
In this report we shall see at which balance Pakistan is and previously what were it
balances of trades.
The data provided in this report is fresh up till October 2007 and most of data of the
report is from the period July-October October 2007.
Why do countries trade with each other and what do they gain out of it?
There are several reasons for it:
• They produce more than they need certain goods, that is not consumed
domestically is exported.
• If a country has an absolute advantage in producing a good then it can gain
benefit by exporting it. A country has an absolute advantage over another in the
production of a good if it can produce it with less resource than the other.
• If a country has a comparative advantage in producing a good, then it may go for
exporting. A country has a comparative advantage over another in the production
of a good if it can produce it at a lower opportunity cost. i.e. if it has to forgo less
of other goods in order to produce it.
• If a country has lack of resources for the production then it has to go for the
import of those resources.
• If a country is unable to produce certain goods and equipment then it has to
import it from the countries having abundance. etc.
1
Terminologies
There are certain terminologies which are used in this report, so before we go on, it is
necessary to understand them.
Exports
Exports refer to the sending goods abroad for the purpose of sale. When a country has an
abundance of certain goods then it go for selling it to other countries and this
phenomenon is known as exports.
Imports
Imports refer to the purchasing goods from other countries. When a country has lack of
certain products or do not have certain resources then it can get it by other countries and
this phenomenon is known as imports.
Re-exports
Re-exports refers to selling imported goods to other foreign countries. When a country
subsequently re-exports the imported goods to foreign countries without further
processing, the goods would be recognized as re-exports.
Re-imports
Re-import refers to the bringing back into a country (goods made from its exported raw
materials).When the goods are brought back to the country which are made from the raw
material which it had exported ,the phenomenon is known as re-import.
Balance of Trade
Balance of trade is the difference between exports and imports. If exports exceed the
imports then it is in Surplus and if imports exceed imports then it will be known as
Deficit.
Balance of Trade = Exports – Imports
Terms of Trade
The price index of exports divided by the price index of imports and then expressed as a
percentage. This means that the terms of trade will be 100 in the base year.
In the real world where countries have many exports and many imports, the terms of
trade are given by:
Average price of exports

Average price of imports
2
Methods and Materials
In the report “Trade Trends of Pakistan” we have encompassed different issues of trades
of Pakistan. What are the imports and exports of Pakistan? What are the major sources of
imports and exports? What are the policies of Govt. regarding imports and exports? What
are the trends of balance of trades? Which are the major import markets of Pakistan?
Which are the major export markets of Pakistan? Which are the major imports, export
territories? Pakistan trades with different regions. What is the structure of imports and
exports of Pakistan? Which are the years when Pakistan got surplus of balance of trade?
We have collected the data relevant to our report from different sources. Some of the
sources are:
-Federal bureau of Statistics regional office Multan.
-Searching on the Internet.
-Consultation of different books.
Objectives of the Report
The objectives of the report “trade trends of Pakistan” are following:

• To see Pakistan's imports and exports and their trends
• To predict about the future prospects of trades in Pakistan
• To see what are the balance of trades in different years and its trends.
• To see whether today's trade is better from the past or not?
EXPORT OF PAKISTAN
Pakistan is endowed with rich and varied natural resources. Pakistani products are found
all over the world and compete favorably with those from anywhere in the world. From
cotton to handmade footballs, leather goods, medical instruments, rice and fruit, every
Pakistani product is in a position to compete. The need is to promote them through proper
publicity. The government recognizes the importance of publicity.
Export Promotion Bureau provides leadership and direction, also undertakes a number of
responsibilities that range from promotional activities to advisory services. One of the
most important marketing tools in promoting export strategy is fairs and exhibitions. EPB
arranges for the participation of exporters in various trade fairs.
The overall objectives to be achieved from such promotional events are:
a. To maximize exports and market share with the help of experienced

exporters with critical mass/product range and a proven track record.
b. To promote new & small-to-medium exporters (SMEX) with a
successful track record of aggressive growth, irrespective of the size of
current level of export.
3
c. To increase geographical spread in developed countries of our exports in

the core and developmental categories, with the help of experienced &
medium-to-large size exporters with an aggressive track record of growth.
d. To increase geographical spread in non-developed countries for the core
products with the help of medium-to-large, and small but aggressive,
entrepreneurial exporters.
e. To increase exports of our developmental categories in selected
geography with medium-to-large exporters/businessmen with proven track
records of success in similar geographical areas abroad or in Pakistan as
far as possible.
f. To support exposure of Pakistan's exports in regional trade blocks.
g. To encourage women entrepreneurship.
h. To project a correct, modern and enterprising image of Pakistan as an
exporting country.
i. Whatever we do, we do with excellence.
Despite EPB efforts to make such events a success, various administrative flaws have
created an embarrassing situation for both exporters and Pakistani missions abroad. Late
arrival of Pakistani exhibitors and goods at the fair and failure to display items properly
items well in time has jeopardized the very purpose of participation in these events. Such
situations have occurred in trade fairs in Kenya, Damascus and South Africa. It not only
wastes time but also foreign exchange. It ruins the country’s image and harms export
rather than help them. The foreign buyers feel that when a country cannot properly
arrange its participation in trade fairs, its exporters are unlikely to meet their supply
deadlines. Their business goes to other competitors.
If Pakistan wants to attract foreign buyers it must overcome these flaws, and ensure they
are not repeated in other events.
Major Exports of Pakistan

i) Exports by commodities or products
Major exports of Pakistan are almost 22 which are given in the table given below.
Percentage of share wise main export products are knit wear (15.14%), cotton fabrics
(12.48%), bed wear (8.23%), cotton yarn (6.47%), Articles of apparel and clothing
accessories (5.72%) and rice (4.7 %) etc. All the details of exports by commodities with
their related share in total exports are given in the following table.
4
Table: Major export products and their share in total exports
S# Products % Share in total

exports
1 Rice 4.79
2 Fish and fish preparations 1.08
3 Fruit, vegetables & preparation there of 1.02
4 Raw cotton 0.40
5 Tobacco unmanufactured 0.08
6 Raw wool 0.0025
7 Knit wear 15.14
8 Cotton fabrics 12.48
9 Bed wear 8.23
10 Cotton yarn 6.47
11 Articles of apparel& clothing accessories(excl. 5.72
knitwear)
12 Textile made ups (excl. towels & bed wears) 3.77
13 Towels 3.49
14 Synthetic textile fabrics 2.54
15 Tarpaulin and other canvas goods 0.36
16 Leather clothes and accessories 3.54
17 Petroleum products 3.09
18 Leather 2.26
19 Sports goods(excl. toys) 2.05
20 Carpets, carpeting, rugs and mats 1.68
21 Surgical instruments 1.31
22 Footwear 0.89
23 Others 19.56
5
R ice
Exports by commodities F ish and fish preparations
F ruit, vegetables & preparation there of

5%
R aw cotton
1% Tobacco unmanufactured
1% R aw wool
Knit wear
0%
C otton fabrics
0%
B ed wear
20% 0% C otton yarn

1%
15% A rticles of apparel& clothing accessories(excl.
1% knitwear)
Textile made ups (excl. towels & bed wears)
2% Towels
2% Synthetic textile fabrics
Tarpaulin and other canvas goods

2% 12%
Leather clothes and accessories
3% P etroleum products
4% Leather
8%
0% 6% 6% Sports goods(excl. toys)
C arpets, carpeting, rugs and mats

3%
Surgical instruments
3% F ootwear
4% Others
ii) Exports by product groups
According to the product groups Pakistan` s exports are divided in 3 groups i.e. Primary
commodities, textile manufactures and other manufactures. By seeing the table given
below, we can see that textile group is much heavy than the others. Primary commodities
group has the least weightage of all the three product groups.
Table: Commodity groups and there share in total exports

S#
Product/commodity group % share in total exports
1 Primary Commodities 7.37

2 Textiles manufactures 58.2
3 Other manufactures 14.82
4 others 19.56
6
Exports by porduct groups

Primary
7% Commodities
20%
Textiles
manufactures
15% Other
58% manufactures
others
iii) Exports by Economic Categories
The Export products are divided in three economic categories i.e. Primary Commodities,
Semi-manufactures and Manufactured goods. And manufactured goods are most
prominent in exports of Pakistan, with the share of 78.01 % exports.
Table: Exports by Economic Categories
S.# Economic Category % Share in total exports
1 Primary Commodities 11.25

2 Semi- manufactures 10.74
3 Manufactured goods 78.01
7
Exports by economic categories
100
80
60
% export
40
20
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Major Export Markets

i) Major Countries of Pakistan` s Export Market
The export market of Pakistan consist of many countries, but export` s concentration is
toward 7 to 8 countries. Five major countries of Pakistan` s exports are USA , United
Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, Germany. USA is at the top with the share
of 25.62 percent, after that comes United Kingdom with the share 6.99 percent, then
comes the United Arab Emirates with the share of 5.33 percent, after that comes Germany
and Hong Kong with the shares of 4.85 and 4.15 respectively.
Table: Exports to Major Countries
Countries July – October, 2007

%Share
1 U.S.A. 25.62
2 United Kingdom 6.99
3 United Arab Emirates 5.31
4 Germany 4.85
5 Hong Kong 4.15
6 Italy 4.08
7 Afghanistan 3.24
8 France 2.77
9 Saudi Arabia 2.56
10 Spain 2.44
11 Cyprus 2.37
12 Dubai 2.35
13 Netherlands 2.32
8
14 China 2.12
15 Japan 1.54
16 India 1.52
17 Turkey 1.47
18 Canada 1.40
19 Bangladesh 1.31
20 Korea 1.27
Others 20.31
TOTAL 100
5 major export countries
30
25
20
15 % exports
10
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ii) Major Territories/Regions of Pakistan’s Export Market
Pakistan exports to 11 major regions which are shown in the table given below.
According the exports percentage share major five of them are North America ,
European Union ,Middle East, Other Asia and Other Africa. Among them European
Union is at the top position with the 29.65 % of exports from Pakistan.
9
Table: Exports by Territories/Regions
Territories/Regions July – October, 2007

%Share
1 Latin and Central America 0.57

2 South America 1.01
3 North America 27.02
4 Eastern Europe 0.42
5 European Union 29.65
6 E.F.T.A 0.39
7 Other Europe 0.04
8 Middle East 15.96
9 Other Asia 19.48
10 Other Africa 3.99
11 Oceania 1.16
TOTAL 100
5 major export territories/regions
40
30
20 % exports
10
0
North America European Middle East Other Asia Other Africa
Union
1
IMPORTS OF PAKISTAN
Major Imports of Pakistan
i) Imports By Products or commodities
Pakistan has approximately 19 major imports like Palm oil, tea, Pulses ,Soybean oil,
Transport equipment ,machinery, Petroleum products, Steel , fiber and Paper etc.
According to the percentage of share in total imports the big ones are Machinery,
Chemicals, Petroleum crude, Transport equipment, Palm oil, Iron & Steel. Machinery is
at the top with the 19.16 % of imports.
Table: Imports by commodities or products
S# Products % share in total imports
1 Palm oil 4.23

2 Tea 1.26
3 Pulses 0.60
4 Soybean oil 0.34
5 Milk and milk food for infants 0.10
6 Machinery 19.16
7 Transport equipment 5.04
8 Petroleum crude 12.42
9 Petroleum products 8.78
10 Synthetic and artificial silk yarn 0.81
11 Synthetic fiber 0.87
12 Chemicals 15.84
13 Fertilizers manufactured 2.24
14 Medicinal products 1.43
15 Insecticides 1.33
16 Iron and steel 4.12
17 Iron and steel scrap 1.0
18 Paper and paper products 1.02
19 Tires and tubes 0.74
20 Others 21.18
11
Imports by commodities 1%
P alm oil
Tea
1% P ulses
Soybean oil
0%
4% M ilk and milk food for infants
0%
21% M achinery
Transport equipment
19%
1% P etroleum crude
P etroleum products
1%
Synthetic and artificial silk yarn
1% Synthetic fiber
Chemicals
4%
5% Fertilizers manufactured
1%
M edicinal products
1% Insecticides
Iron and steel

2% 12%
Iron and steel scrap
15%
P aper and paper products
1% 9% Tires and tubes
Other
1%
ii) Imports by Product Groups
Pakistan` s imports products are categorized in 7 groups i.e. Food group, Machinery
& Transport equipment ,Petroleum group, Textile group, Chemical group, Metal
group and Miscellaneous groups. Among these groups, machinery & transport
equipment group is at the top with the 24.2 % share of the total imports. At the 2 nd
number is petroleum group with the 21.2 % share and at the third number is chemical
group with 20.84 % share of total imports. It is much obvious that Pakistan` s
imports are concentrated towards these three groups.
Table: Imports by Product Groups
S Commodity Groups % share in imports

#
1 Food group 6.53
2 Machinery& transport equipment 24.2
3 Petroleum group 21.2
4 Textile group 1.68
5 Chemical group 20.84
6 Metal group 5.12
7 Miscellaneous 1.76
8 Others 18.65
1
Food group
Imports by commodity groups
Machinery& transport
equipment
19% Petroleum group
7%
2% Textile group
23%
5% Chemical group
Metal group
21%
2% 21% Miscellaneous
Others
iii) Imports By Economic Categories

Pakistan` s imports are divided in four economic categories i.e. Consumer goods, Capital
goods, Raw material for consumer goods and raw material for capital goods. Pakistan’s
imports majorly consist of Raw material for consumer goods which has a share of 48.10
%. And at the second number is Capital goods with 32.06 % share of total imports.
Table: Imports by Economic Categories:
S.# Economic Category % Share in total imports
1 Consumer Goods 12.38
2 Raw Material for Consumer Goods 48.10
3 Raw Material for Capital Goods 7.46
4 Capital Goods 32.06
1
By Eco. Categories
60
50
Imports
40
30 % imports
20
10
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Cons.G Raw m. Raw Capital
Con.G mat. G
Cap. G
categories
Major Import Markets
i) Major Countries of Pakistan` s Import Market

Pakistan` s imports comes through twenty major countries. According to the percentage
of imports the major ten are Saudi Arabia , USA, China, Japan, Germany, Dubai, Kuwait,
Malaysia, Indonesia and Korea. The maximum imports are by Saudi Arabia ,after that
from China and then from USA. All the details are provided in the following table.
Table: Imports From Major Countries
1
Countries July – October, 2007

%Share
1 Saudi Arabia 12.04

2 China 10.06
3 U.S.A 7.79
4 Japan 7.19
5 Dubai 6.80
6 Kuwait 4.96
7 Malaysia 4.12
8 Germany 3.93
9 Indonesia 3.16
10 Korea 2.59
11 India 2.30
12 United Kingdom 2.20
13 Australia 2.11
14 Thailand 2.03
15 Russian Federation 1.89
16 Switzerland 1.72
17 Italy 1.66
18 Singapore 1.56
19 Oman 1.40
20 Iran(Islamic Rep.) 1.15
Others 19.34
TOTAL 100
10 major import countries
15
10
% imports
5
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ii)Major Region/Territories of Pakistan` s Import Market
Pakistan` s imports come from 11 regions .These regions are Latin & Central America,
South America, Eastern Europe, European Union, E.F.T.A, Other Europe, Middle East,
1
Other Asia, Other Africa, Oceania. The major imports are from the regions Middle East,
European Union and Other Asia. All the details are provided in the following table.
Table: Cumulative Imports by Territories/Regions
Territories/Regions July – October, 2007

%Share
1 Latin and Central America 0.07

2 South America 0.88
3 North America 8.97
4 Eastern Europe 2.77
5 European Union 14.85
6 E.F.T.A 1.75
7 Other Europe 0.01
8 Middle East 29.29
9 Other Asia 36.10
10 Other Africa 3.08
11 Oceania 2.23
TOTAL 100
5 major import
territories/regions
40
30
20 % imports
10
0
European
America
Middle
Africa
Other
Other
Asia
East
North
Union
Pakistan’s Trade with Different Economic Groups

Trade Between Pakistan & ASEAN Countries
1
With the ASEAN countries Pakistan’s trade balance is mostly in deficit. Imports are
mostly gained from these countries, but export to these countries is very low.
Table: Trade Between Pakistan & ASEAN Countries (Million US)
Years Exports Imports Balance of Trade
1997-98 293.130 1285.757 -992.63

1998-99 270.470 1418.396 -1147.93
1999-00 257.723 1070.098 -812.38
2000-01 360.171 1163.300 -803.13
2001-02 287.985 1228.790 -940.81
Fig: Trade Between Pakistan & ASEAN Countries (Million US)
Trade between Pakistan & ECO Countries
With the ECO Countries Pakistan` s trade is positive as it has got surplus in the year
2001-02.Deficit in the previous years is not so big except two years.
Table: Trade Between Pakistan & ECO Countries (Million US $)

1997-98 213.752 231.338 -17.59
1998-99 141.254 332.851 -191.60
1999-00 221.375 317.655 -96.28
2000-01 292.310 457.000 -164.69
2001-02 317.201 221.075 +96.13
1
Fig: Trade Between Pakistan & ECO Countries (Million US $)
Trade between Pakistan & EU Countries
Pakistan` s Major trade is carried out with this economic group. And Pakistan’s trade has
got surplus with these countries from 1997-98 to 2001-02.
Table: Trade Between Pakistan & EU Countries (Million US $)

1997-98 2638.000 1870.805 +767.20
1998-99 2498.491 1801.176 +697.32
1999-00 2519.373 1704.947 +814.43
2000-01 2421.310 1594.950 +826.36
2001-02 2512.482 1752.746 +759.74
Fig: Trade Between Pakistan & EU Countries (Million US $)
Trade between Pakistan and G-8 Countries
With the G-8 countries also Pakistan` s major trade is going on and it is continuously
gaining surplus of balance of trade.
1
Table: Trade Between Pakistan & G-8 Countries (Million US $)

1997-98 3943.087 3453.367 +489.72
1998-99 3877.130 3036.756 +840.37
1999-00 4158.380 2643.120 +1515.26
2000-01 4189.470 2340.370 +1849.10
2001-02 4228.646 2504.885 +1723.76
Fig: Trade Between Pakistan & G-8 Countries (Million US $)
Trade Between Pakistan & GCC Countries
Pakistan’s trade with the GCC countries is continuously in deficit. Imports are more , but
exports are much less to these countries.
Table: Trade Between Pakistan & GCC Countries (Million US $)

1997-98 809.4770 2052.579 -1243.11
1998-99 813.656 1918.599 -1104.94
1999-00 1300.740 2810.830 -1510.09
2000-01 1072.330 3677.350 -2605.02
2001-02 1275.812 3395.576 -2119.76
Fig: Trade Between Pakistan & GCC Countries (Million US $)
1
Trade between Pakistan & I.O.Rim
Pakistan` s trade with these countries is also not too much favourable. Deficit is
continuously increasing.
Table: Trade Between Pakistan & I.O.Rim Countries (Million US $)

1997-98 1430.298 2935.324 -1505.03
1998-99 1456.157 2946.720 -1490.56
1999-00 1725.486 2492.425 -766.94
2000-01 1539.997 3636.434 -2096.44
2001-02 1611.024 3463.165 -1852.14
Fig: Trade Between Pakistan & I.O.Rim Countries (Million US $)
Trade Between Pakistan & MERCOSUR Countries
Trade with MERCOSUR countries is also in deficit in all the 5 years of the given table.
But it is positive that the deficit is less in the last year.
Table: Trade Between Pakistan & Mercosur Countries (Million US $)

1997-98 68.850 103.850 -35.00
1998-99 46.212 196.040 -149.83
1999-00 35.952 104.511 -68.56
2000-01 38.576 167.744 -129.17
2001-02 18.323 64.857 -46.53
2
Fig: Trade Between Pakistan & Mercosur Countries (Million US $)
Trade between Pakistan & NAFTA Countries
Trade with NAFTA countries is much positive for Pakistan and exports are increasing
continuously while imports have decreasing trend. So the surplus is continuously rising in
trade of these countries.
Table: Trade Between Pakistan & Nafta Countries (Million US $)

1997-98 1959.921 1266.736 +693.19
1998-99 2005.664 858.789 +1146.88
1999-00 2321.960 743.660 +1578.18
2000-01 2446.760 649.580 +1797.18
2001-02 2475.201 775.262 +1699.94
Trade Between Pakistan & NAFTA Countries (Million US $)
Trade Between Pakistan & SADC Countries
Trade of Pakistan with SADC countries is looking much positive because there is a
surplus shown in all the 5 years of the table. Exports are greater than the imports. Surplus
has both increasing and decreasing these five year. But in the last year it is increasing.
Table: Trade Between Pakistan & SADC Countries (Million US $)
2

1997-98 164.782 57.150 +107.63
1998-99 116.390 62.224 +54.17
1999-00 142.470 78.727 +63.74
2000-01 140.829 113.188 +27.64
2001-02 137.896 87.520 +50.38
Fig: Trade Between Pakistan & SADC Countries (Million US $)
ANALYSIS
SUMMARY OF FACT AND FIGURES (OCTOBER,2007)
Exports
Imports
Balance of Trade
(Rupees in Million)
(US. Dollar in Thousand)
%Change
Series October, 2007 September, 2007 October, 2007
September, 2007
Rs. $ Rs. $ Rs. $
Exports 59,897.34 997.77 65,658.55 1,113.38 - 8.77 - 10.38
Imports 87,429.86 1,456.41 81,244.71 1,377.67 + 7.61 + 5.72
Balance of - 27,532.52 - 458.64 - 15,586.16 - 264.29 + 76.65 + 73.54

Trade
%Change
Series October, 2007 October, 2006 October, 2007
October, 2006
Rs. $ Rs. $ Rs. $
2
Exports 59,897.34 997.77 57,940.10 1,006. -3.38 -0.88

59
Imports 87,429.86 1,456.41 67,721.77 1,176. 29.10 +23.79
52
Balance of - 27,532.52 - 458.64 -9,781.67 -169.9 +181.47 +169.90
Trade 3
%Change
July – October, 2007
Series July - October, 2007 July – October, 2006 July – October, 2006
Rs. $ Rs. $ Rs. $
Exports 264,372.2 4,482.62 229,417.5 3,974.2 +15.24 +12.80
0 0 5
Imports 340,358.4 5,766.99 247,562.2 4,288.9 +37.48 +34.46

8 0 8
Balance of -75,986.28 -1,284.37 18,144.70 -314.73 +318.78 +308.09

Trade
Review of Trades (October 2007)

EXPORTS
The total exports of Pakistan during October, 2007 amounted to Rs. 59,897.34 million as
against Rs. 65,658.55 million in September, 2007 and Rs. 57,940.10 million during
October, 2006 showing a decrease of 8.77% over September, 2007 but an increase of
3.38% over October, 2006.
Exports during July - October, 2007 totaled Rs. 264,372.20 million as against Rs.
229,417.55 million during the corresponding period of last year showing an increase of
15.24 percent.
In terms of U.S dollars, the exports during October, 2007 amounted to $ 997.77 million
as against $ 1,113.38 million in September, 2007 and $ 1,006.59 million during October,
2006 showing a decrease of 10.38% over September, 2007 and by 0.88% over October,
2006.
In terms of U.S. dollars, the exports during July - October, 2007 amounted $ 4,482.62
million as against $ 3,974.25 million during the corresponding period of last year
showing an increase of 12.80 percent.
I - Exports by Group/Commodities
Exports from Pakistan during October, 2007 amounted to Rs. 59,897.34 million as
against the exports of Rs. 65,658.55 million in previous month and Rs. 57,940.10 million
during the corresponding month of last year showing a decrease of 8.77% over previous
month but an increase of 3.38% over the corresponding month of last year.
2
Primary Commodities
During October, 2007 the 6 selected commodities of Primary Commodities contributed

9.55% of total exports in which the share of Rice (5.95%), Fish & fish preparation
(1.78%), raw cotton (excl. linter) (1.05%) and Fruits, vegetables & preparation thereof
(0.75%).
During July – October, 2007 these 6 commodities contributed 7.38% of total exports
showing a decrease of 9.00% as against their combined share of 8.11% during the
corresponding period of last year.
Textile Manufactures
During October, 2007 the 9 selected commodities of Textile Manufactures contributed

60.48% of total exports in which the share of Cotton fabrics was (14.74%), Knitwear
(9.85%), Bed wear (9.84%), Articles of apparel & clothing accessories (excl. knitwear)
(8.57%) and Cotton yarn (7.95%).
I - Exports by Group/Commodities
Exports from Pakistan during October, 2007 amounted to Rs. 59,897.34 million as
against the exports of Rs. 65,658.55 million in previous month and Rs.57,940.10 million
during the corresponding month of last year showing a decrease of 8.77% over previous
month but an increase of 3.38% over the corresponding month of last year.
Primary Commodities
During October, 2007 the 6 selected commodities of Primary Commodities contributed

9.55% of total exports in which the share of Rice (5.95%), Fish & fish preparation
(1.78%), raw cotton (excl. linter) (1.05%) and Fruits, vegetables & preparation thereof
(0.75%).
Textile Manufactures
During October, 2007 the 9 selected commodities of Textile Manufactures contributed

60.48% of total exports in which the share of Cotton fabrics was (14.74%), Knitwear
(9.85%), Bed wear (9.84%), Articles of apparel & clothing accessories (excl. knitwear)
(8.57%) and Cotton yarn (7.95%).
2
Other Manufactures
During October, 2007 these 7 selected commodities of Other Manufactures contributed

16.26% of total exports in which the share of Leather clothes & accessories was (4.25%),
Petroleum products (3.31%), Sports goods (excl. toys) (2.26%), Carpets, carpeting, rugs
& mats (1.85%) and Leather (1.81%).
showing an increase of 9.22% as against their combined share of 13.55% during the
II – Analysis of Selected Commodities of Exports
Cotton Fabrics
Cotton fabrics maintained its second position in its group during October, 2007 as in the
previous month. During this month its exports amounted to Rs. 8,828.05 million as
against Rs. 6,976.54 million in September, 2007 and Rs. 7,651.83 million during October,
2006 showing an increase of 26.54% over September, 2007 and by 15.37% over October,
2006.
During July - October, 2007 of current financial year 773,210 thousand sq. meters of
cotton fabrics valued at Rs. 33,004.73 million were exported as against 718,061 thousand
sq. meters valued at Rs. 29,376.06 million during the same period of last year showing an
increase of 7.68% in terms of quantity and 12.35% in terms of value. During July –
October, 2007 the average unit price of cotton fabrics increased to Rs. 42.69 per sq. meter
from Rs. 40.91 per sq. meter during the corresponding period of last year showing an
increase of 4.35 percent. Main buyers of cotton fabrics during July - October, 2007 of
current financial year were Dubai (Rs. 6,042.77 million), U.S.A. (Rs. 5,453.46 million),
Hong Kong (Rs. 2,363.08 million), Turkey (Rs. 1,648.22 million), United Kingdom (Rs.
1,490.74 million), Italy (Rs. 1,467.05 million), China (Rs. 1,192.04 million) and
Bangladesh (Rs. 1,112.09 million). Their total take-off accounted for 62.92% of total
exports of cotton cloth as compared to their combined share of 54.19% during the same
period of last year.
Cotton Yarn
Cotton yarn came down to fifth position in its group during October, 2007 from its fourth
position in the previous month. Its exports in this month amounted to Rs. 4,759.72
million as against Rs. 4,673.43 million in September, 2007 and Rs. 4,696.80 million in
October, 2006 showing an increase of 1.85% over September, 2007 and 1.34% over
October, 2006 .
During July - October, 2007 exports of cotton yarn amounted to Rs.17,111.94 million as
against Rs. 17,577.53 million in the corresponding period of last year depicting a fall of
2
2.65 percent. In terms of quantity 136,073 thousand Kg. of cotton yarn was exported
during July – October, 2007 of current financial year as against 157,189 thousand Kg.
during the corresponding period of last
year showing a decrease of 13.43 percent. The average unit price of cotton yarn for the
period July – October, 2007 of current financial year was Rs. 125.76 per Kg. as against
Rs. 111.82 per Kg. in the same period of last year showing an increase of 12.47 percent.
Hong Kong (Rs. 5,947.24 million), China (Rs. 2,296.69 million), U.S.A. (Rs. 1,751.49
million), Korea Rep. of (Rs. 1,207.54 million), Japan (Rs. 1,167.05 million), Bangladesh
(Rs. 815.89 million), Portugal (Rs. 419.99 million), and Indonesia (Rs. 386.52 million)
were major buyers of cotton yarn during this period. Their combined share accounted for
81.77% of total exports of cotton yarn as compared to their combined share of 75.64%
during the same period of last year.
Rice
Rice maintained its first position in its group during October, 2007 as in the previous
month. In this month it fetched Rs. 3,565.91 million as against Rs. 3,515.62 million in
September, 2007 and Rs. 3,293.07 million in October, 2006 showing an increase of
1.43% over September, 2007 and by 8.29% over October, 2006
During July - October, 2007 its exports amounted to Rs. 12,657.14 million as against the
exports of Rs. 11,839.64 million during the corresponding period of last year showing an
increase of 6.90 percent. U.A.E. was the leading buyer of rice during July - October, 2007
with its share of 28.79% in the total exports of this item. Other major buyers were Iran
(Islamic Rep.) (7.55%), Saudi Arabia (7.15%), Oman (5.79%), Afghanistan (4.61%), and
Kenya (3.94%).
These six countries accounted for 57.82% of total exports of rice during this period.
Unit price of rice basmati for October, 2007 was Rs. 29,499.95 per tones as against Rs.
30,034.21 in October, 2006 showing a rise of 1.78 percent. Average unit price of this
variety for July – October, 2007 of current financial year was Rs. 30,582.06 per tones as
against Rs. 29,764.97 for the same period of last year showing a rise of 0.57 percent.
Unit price of rice "Other Varieties" increased to Rs. 14,145.79 per tones in October, 2007
from Rs. 11,266.75 in October, 2006 showing a rise of 25.55 percent. The average unit
price of rice "Other Varieties" for July - October, 2007 at Rs. 13,825.85 per tones was
higher by 23.78% compared to average unit price of Rs. 11,169.67 per tones for the same
Petroleum Products
Petroleum products came up to second position in its group during October, 2007 from its
third position in the previous month. In this month its exports amounted to Rs. 1,979.98
October, 2006.
Exports of this item during July - October, 2007 of current financial year stood at Rs.
8,117.47 million as against exports of Rs. 4,281.62 million during the corresponding
period of last year showing an increase of 89.59 percent. In terms of quantity 420,334
2
tones of petroleum products were exported during July - October, 2007 of current
financial year as against 282,975 tones
exported during the corresponding period of last year showing an increase of 48.54
percent.
The main buyers of petroleum products during July - October, 2007 were India (Rs.
1,770.64 million), Dubai (Rs. 1,451.93 million), Afghanistan (Rs. 1,046.68 million),
Japan (Rs. 988.69 million), Singapore (Rs. 771.28 million) and Vietnam (Rs. 113.08
million). These six countries accounted for 89.00% of total exports of petroleum products
during July - October, 2007 as against their combined share of 91.55% during the same
Leather
Leather came down to fifth position in its group during October, 2007 from its second
position in the previous month. Its exports in this month amounted to Rs. 1,084.97
October, 2006 showing a decrease of 38.32% over September, 2007 and 14.29% over
October, 2006.
Exports of this item during July - October, 2007 totaled Rs. 5,965.81 million as against
Rs. 4,368.45 million during the corresponding period of last year showing a rise of 36.57
percent. In terms of quantity 6,136,292 sq. meter of leather was exported during July -
October, 2007 as against 4,717,925 sq. meters exported during the corresponding period
of last year showing an increase of 30.06 percent.
The main buyers of leather during July - October, 2007 were Hong Kong (Rs. 995.34
million), Korea Rep. of (Rs. 754.77 million), Italy (Rs. 644.18 million), China (Rs.
452.75 million), Germany (Rs. 436.42 million), Japan (Rs. 320.14 million), South Africa
(Rs.245.08 million) and Spain (Rs. 283.08 million) whose combined share in total
exports of leather was 70.10% as against their combined share of 75.66% during the same
Carpets, Carpeting, Rugs & Mats
Carpets, carpeting, rugs and mats came down to fourth position in its group during
October, 2007 from its fifth position in the previous month. Its exports in October, 2007
amounted to Rs. 1,109.76 million as against Rs. 1,021.96 million in September, 2007 and
Rs. 1,101.63 million in October, 2006 showing an increase of 8.59% over September,
2007 and 0.74% over October, 2006.
Exports of this item for July - October, 2007 of current financial year amounted to Rs.
4,441.30 million as against Rs. 3,854.27 million during the corresponding period of last
year showing an increase of 15.23 percent. In terms of quantity 1,269,282 sq. meters of
carpets, carpeting, rugs & mats were exported during July - October, 2007 of current
financial year as against 1,134,549 sq. meters exported during the corresponding period
of last year showing a decrease of 11.88 percent.
The average unit price of carpets of wool hand knotted was Rs. 3,867.42 per sq. meter
during July- October, 2007 as against Rs. 3,728.57 per sq. meter in the corresponding
period of last year showing a rise of 3.73 percent. U.S.A. (Rs. 1,836.44 million), Italy
2
(Rs. 478.67 million), Germany (Rs. 396.62 million), France (Rs. 245.80 million), United
Kingdom (Rs. 186.15 million), Greece (Rs. 157.10 million), Japan (Rs. 133.37 million)
and Spain (Rs. 118.75 million) were the main buyers of carpets, carpeting, rugs & mats
during July - October, 2007. They together accounted for 80.00% during July – October,
2007 as compared to their combined share of 77.41% during the same period of last year.
Raw Cotton
Raw Cotton came up to third position in its group during October, 2007 from fourth
position in the previous month. Its exports in this month amounted to Rs. 625.93 million
as against Rs. 228.85 million in September, 2007 and Rs. 424.35 million in October, 2006
showing an increase of 173.51% over September, 2007 and 47.50% over October, 2006.
Exports of this item during July - October, 2007 amounted to Rs. 1,056.86 million as
against Rs. 649.33 million showing an increase of 62.76% compared to the same period
of last year. In terms of quantity 17,021 tones of raw cotton was exported during July -
October, 2007 as against 9,466 tones exported during the same period of last year
showing an increase of 9.38 percent. The average unit price of cotton American was Rs.
61,644.66 per tones during July - October, 2007 as against Rs. 68,577.65 per tones during
the same period of last year showing a decrease of 10.11 percent. The main buyers of raw
cotton during July - October, 2007 were Bangladesh (Rs. 257.45 million), Indonesia (Rs.
234.44 million), Thailand, (Rs. 130.20 million), Vietnam (Rs. 95.84 million) and Saudi
Arabia (Rs. 17.17 million). They together accounted for 69.56% of total exports of raw
cotton during July - October, 2007 as against their combined share of 76.16% during the
III - Direction of Exports

During the month of October, 2007, (28.37%) of total exports went to European Union as
against 29.75% in October, 2006. The share of North America during October, 2007 was
21.88% as against 24.24% in October, 2006. The share of Middle East during October,
2007 was 18.46% as against 17.51% in October, 2006. Country-wise, U.S.A. was at the
top of the exports list for October, 2007 followed by Dubai, United Kingdom, Hong
Kong, Germany and Italy. The share of these six countries in total exports for October,
2007 was 50.41% as against their combined share of 50.80% in October, 2006.
During July - October, 2007 the share of European Union in total exports was 29.66% as
against 29.74% in October, 2006. The share of North America decreased to 27.02% from
25.73% during the same period of last year. The share of Middle East increased to
15.96% from 18.02% during the same period of last year.
Country-wise, U.S.A. was at the top of the exports list for July - October, 2007 followed
by Dubai, United Kingdom, Germany, Hong Kong and Italy. The share of these six
countries in total exports for July - October, 2007 of the current financial year was
53.35% as against their combined share of 52.80% in the same period of last year.
IV - Exports by Economic Categories
2
Performance of exports by economic categories during October, 2007 and July - October, 2007 of
the current financial year compared to the same period of last year are shown in table-7.
During October, 2007 exports of manufactured goods increased by 3.51%, and semi-
manufactures by 2.03% but primary commodities increased by 3.74% during the current month as
compared to the same month of last year. During July - October, 2007 exports of manufactured
goods were higher by 19.23%, but primary commodities decreased by 4.20% and semi-
manufactures by 3.42% as compared to the same period of last year.
IMPORTS
The total Imports of Pakistan during October, 2007 amounted to Rs. 87,429.86 million as
against Rs. 81,244.71 million in September, 2007 and Rs. 67,721.77 million during
October, 2006.Imports during July - October, 2007 amounted to Rs. 340,358.48 million
as against Rs. 247,562.20 million during the corresponding period of last year showing an
increase of 37.48 percent.
In terms of US dollars, the imports during October, 2007 amounted to $ 1,456.41 million
as against $ 1,377.67 million in September, 2007 and $ 1,176.52 million during October,
2006 showing an increase of 5.72% over September, 2007 and 23.79% over October,
2006.
In term of U.S. dollars, the imports during July - October, 2007 amounted $ 5,766.99
million as against $ 4,288.98 million during the corresponding period of last year
showing an increase of 34.46 percent.
I – Imports by Group/Commodities
Imports into Pakistan during October, 2007 amounted to Rs. 87,429.86 million as against
the imports of Rs. 81,244.71 million in the previous month and Rs. 67,721.77 million
during the corresponding month of last year showing an increase of 7.61% over previous
month and 29.10% over the corresponding month of last year.
Food Group
2
During October, 2007 the 5 selected commodities of Food Group contributed 6.62% of
total imports in which the share of Palm oil and Tea were 4.32% and 3.70% respectively.
During July – October, 2007 this group contributed 5.93% of total imports showing a
decrease of 8.33% as against their combined share of 6.48% during the corresponding
Machinery & Transport Group
During October, 2007 Machinery & Transport Group contributed 26.54% of total imports
in which the share of Machinery and Transport equipment were 21.65% and 4.89%
respectively.
During July – October, 2007 this Group contributed 24.30% of the total imports showing
a decrease of 0.66% as against their combined share of 24.36% during the corresponding
Petroleum Group
During October, 2007 Petroleum Group contributed 18.51% of total imports in which the
share of Petroleum crude and Petroleum products were 9.86% and 8.65% respectively.
During July – October, 2007 this group contributed 21.20% of total imports showing an
increase of 0.76% as against their combined share of 21.04% during the corresponding
Textile Group
During October, 2007 Textile Group contributed 1.94% of total imports in which the
share of Synthetic fiber and Synthetic & artificial silk yarn were 1.05% and 0.89%
respectively.
During July – October, 2007 this group contributed 1.68% of total import showing an
Chemical Group
During October, 2007 Chemical Group contributed 18.87% of total imports in which the
share of Chemical (excl. fertilizer, medicines & insecticide) were (14.88%), Fertilizer
manufactured (2.52%), Medical products (1.29%) and Insecticide (0.54%).
During July – October, 2007 chemical group contributed 20.85% of the total imports
showing an increase of 0.39% as against their combined share of 20.77% during the
Metal Group
During October, 2007 Metal Group contributed 4.61% of total imports in which the share
of Iron & Steel and Iron & Steel Scrap were 3.82% and 0.9% respectively.
During July – October, 2007 this group contributed 5.12% of total imports showing an
3
Miscellaneous Group
During October, 2007 Miscellaneous Group contributed 1.73% of total imports in which
the share of Paper & paper products and Tyres & tubes were 0.95% and 0.78%
respectively.
During July – October, 2007 this group contributed 1.76% of total imports showing a
decrease of 7.39% as against their combined share of 1.90% during the corresponding
II – Analysis of Selected Commodities of Imports
POL
Imports of POL during October, 2007 valued at Rs. 16,180.49 million was higher by
4.02% compared to September, 2007 Rs. 16,857.33 million but higher by 29.20%
compared to October, 2006 Rs. 12,523.28 million. Cumulative imports of POL during the
period July - October, 2007 amounted to Rs. 72,172.16 million as against Rs. 52,089.10
million during the corresponding period of last year showing an increase of 38.56
percent. The share of POL in total imports in October, 2007 was 23.21% as against
18.51% in September, 2007 and 18.49% in October, 2006. During July -October, 2007 its
share was 21.22% as against 21.04% in the corresponding period of last year.
Chemicals (Excluding fertilizer, insecticide & medicines)
Imports of chemicals (Excluding fertilizer, insecticide & medicines) during October,

2007 valued at Rs. 13,031.00 million was lower by 1.07% compared to September, 2007
Rs. 13,153.93 million and by 31.28% compared to October, 2006 Rs. 9,912.21 million.
During July - October, 2007 its imports amounted to Rs. 53,929.54 million which was
higher by 15.84% compared to imports of Rs. 37,477.45 million during the corresponding
period of last year. The share of chemicals (Excluding fertilizer, insecticide & medicines)
in total imports in October, 2007 were 14.88% as against 16.19% in September, 2007 and
14.63% in October, 2006. During July - October, 2007 its share was 15.84% as against
15.14% in the corresponding period of last year.
Machinery
Imports of machinery during October, 2007 valued at Rs. 18,927.59 million was higher
by 35.29% compared to September, 2007 Rs. 13,990.25 million and by 54.15% compared
to October, 2006 Rs. 12,278.34 million. Cumulative imports of machinery during the
period July - October, 2007 amounted to Rs. 65,205.44 million as against Rs. 43,748.90
million during the corresponding period of last year showing an increase of 49.05
percent. The share of machinery in total imports in October, 2007 was 21.64% as against
17.22% in September, 2007 and 18.13% in October, 2006. During July -October, 2007 its
share was 19.16% as against 17.67% in the corresponding period of last year.
3
Transport Equipment
Transport equipment worth Rs. 4,273.35 million was imported during October, 2007 as
against its imports of Rs. 5,038.77 million in September, 2007 and Rs. 4,694.74 million
in October, 2006 showing a decrease of 15.19% over September, 2007 and by 8.98% over
October, 2006. The imports of this item during July - October, 2007 totaled Rs. 17,160.24
million which was higher
by 3.63% as compared to its imports of Rs. 16,559.51 million during the corresponding
period of last year. The share of transport equipment in total imports in October, 2007
was 4.89% as against 6.20% in September, 2007 and 6.93% in October, 2006. During
July - October, 2007 its share was 5.04% as against the share of 6.69% in the
III - Direction of Imports

During October, 2007, (14.60%) of total imports were from European Union. The share
of imports of Middle East was 27.00% and North America 8.01 percent. Country-wise,
Saudi Arabia was at the top of imports list during October, 2007 followed by China,
Japan, U.S.A. and Dubai. The combined share of these six countries during October,
2007 was 48.25% as against their combined share of 38.48% during October, 2006.
During July - October, 2007, the share of imports of European Union was 14.85 percent.
The share of imports of Middle East was 29.29% and from North America 8.91% of total
imports during this period. Country- wise, Saudi Arabia was on the top of the imports list
followed by China, U.S.A., Japan, Dubai, and Kuwait during July - October, 2007.
Combined share of these six countries in total imports during this period was 48.84% as
against their combined share of 46.06% during the corresponding period of last year.
IV - Imports by Economic Categories

During October, 2007 imports of Capital goods increased by 30.63% and of raw materials
for capital goods by 47.14% compared to October, 2006. Imports of consumer goods
during October, 2007 increased by 41.19% and of raw material for consumer goods by
23.09% compared to the same month of last year.
During July - October, 2007, imports of capital goods were higher by 33.18% and of raw
material for capital goods by 58.49% compared to July -October, 2006. Imports of
consumer goods during July - October, 2007 increased by 41.81% and raw material for
consumer goods by 36.46% compared to the corresponding period of last year.
BALANCE OF TRADE
Based on the above figures of exports & imports the balance of trade in October, 2007
was unfavorable for Pakistan to the tune of 27,532.52 million rupees equal to US $
458.64 million, and the balance of trade during July -October, 2007 was also unfavorable
to the tune of 75,986.28 million rupees equal to U.S. $ 1,284.37 million.
3
A Review of Foreign Trade of Pakistan(1947 to 2006)
Years Exports Re- Imports Re- Balan

(Rs.000) exports (Rs.000) imports ce
(Rs.000) (Rs.00 (Rs.0
0) 00)
1947- 443,943 …. 318773 … +1251
48(15th 70
Aug to
30th June)
1948- 542,403 … 1176755 … -63435
49(Jul- 2
June)
1949-50 535062 … 912222 … -37716
0
1950-51 1342473 … 1167052 … +1754
21
1951-52 921925 … 1473886 … -55196
1
1952-53 867385 … 1017267 … -14988
2
1953-54 840967 … 824286 … -18331
9
1954-55 491388 … 783048 … -29166
0
1955-56 742414 … 964458 … -22204
4
1956-57 698217 … 1516034 … -81781
7
1957-58 433592 … 1314342 … -88075
0
1958-59 444376 … 1024608 … -58023
2
1959-60 763140 … 1805715 … -10425
75
1960-61 540192 … 2173249 … -16330
57
1961-62 542869 … 2236256 … -10933
87
1962-63 998060 … 2800079 … -18020
19
1963-64 1075006 … 2981630 … -19066
24
3
1964-65 1139621 … 3672382 … -25327

61
1965-66 1203609 … 2880276 … -16766
67
1966-67 1297323 … 3625658 … -23283
35
1967-68 1644803 219287 3327249 … -14631
59
1968-69 1699915 62788 3046623 … -12839
20
1969-70 1608564 58426 3285080 43 -16181
33
1970-71 1998439 112371 3602385 4 -14915
79
1971-72 3371393 51783 3495366 240 -72430
1972-73 8551168 72254 8398333 1161 +2239
28
1973-74 10161215 76418 13479211 4669 -32462
47
1974-75 10286317 174639 20924993 4449 -10468
486
1975-76 11252901 167058 20465260 45320 -90906
21
1976-77 11293875 292098 23012175 3152 -11429
354
1977-78 12980370 267417 27814727 1957 -14568
897
1978-79 16925015 153701 36388061 2352 -19311
697
1979-80 23410124 304533 46929134 2644 -23217
121
1980-81 29279489 285786 53543695 3759 -23982
179
1981-82 26269865 414585 59481537 8449 -32805
536
1982-83 34441703 233353 68150806 12874 -33488
624
1983-84 37338571 288652 76706747 10875 -39090
399
1984-85 37979415 537145 89778233 21436 -51283
109
1985-86 49592156 771228 90946330 32415 -40615
361
1986-87 63354879 1651903 92430787 120554 -27544
559
1987-88 78444560 908283 112550857 65806 -33263
3
820
1988-89 90182529 874967 135840502 59231 -44842
237
1989-90 106469309 1202954 148853335 37429 -41218
501
1990-91 138281634 1148521 171113737 61201 -31744
782
1991-92 171727714 1155668 229889408 68960 -57074
986
1992-93 177027869 884080 258642893 47016 -80777
960
1993-94 205499392 811347 258250054 116644 -52055
959
1994-95 251173079 1090722 320891962 94346 -68722
507
1995-96 294741162 1309359 397574876 148326 -10167
2681
1996-97 325313469 2662492 465001242 643102 -13766
8383
1997-98 373159934 3295225 436338153 166519 -60049
513
1998-99 390342201 3500835 465963979 681236 -72802
179
1999-2000 443678346 3474018 533791524 940491 -87579
651
2000-01 539070143 3711084 627000041 745260 -84964
074
2001-02 560946660 4306923 634630297 688499 -70065
213
2002-03 652293783 2943481 714371855 341981 -59476
52
Balance of Trade = (Exports + Re-exports) + (Imports + Re-imports)
Yearly Review of Trades of Pakistan since 1947

Now we see that where Pakistan’s imports ,exports and balance of trades have been since
the inauguration. By seeing complete foreign trade chart we can see that Pakistan has
achieved SURPLUS only thrice since its inauguration. Those three years are 1947-
48,1950-51,1972-73 and amounts are Rs.125,170,000,Rs.175,421,000 and
Rs.223,928,000 respectively. All the other years have got deficit of trades and it is
increasing year by year.
Now we see the period wise trades;
3
i) From 1947-48 to 1959-60
• Exports & Re-exports
Exports in this period has been in mixed trend i.e.; increasing and decreasing both.
Maximum exports are recorded in the year 1950-51 which amounted to
Rs.1,342,473,000. Minimum exports were in the year 1957-58 which had amount of
Rs.433,592,000.
Re-exports are not been recorded separately in this period, they were recorded as exports
in this period.
• Imports & Re-imports
Imports have generally an increasing trend in this period. Maximum imports are recorded
in the year 1959-60 which amounted to Rs.1,805,715,000. Minimum imports in this
period are recorded in the year 1947-48 which has amount of Rs.318,773,000.
Re-imports are not been recorded in this period.
• Balance of Trade
This is a period in Pakistan’s international trade in which Pakistan has achieved Surplus
for two times i.e.; 1947-48 and 1950-51 and amounts are Rs.125,170,000 and
Rs.175,421,000.The deficits have an increasing trend in this period except some years.
Maximum deficit in this period is found in the year 1959-60 which has amount of
Rs.1,042,575,000 and minimum deficit in this period is found in the year 1952-53 with
the amount of Rs.149,882,000.
3
ii) From 1960-61 to1969-70
• Exports and Re-exports
Exports have increasing trend in this period from year to year. Maximum exports are
recorded in the year 1968-69 with the amount of Rs. 1,699,915,000.Minimum exports are
recorded in the 1960-61 with the amount of Rs. 540,192,000.
RE-exports have decreasing trend in this period. Re-exports are maximum in the year
1967-68 with the amount of Rs. 219,287,000. Minimum re-exports are recorded in the
year 1969-70 with the amount of Rs. 58,462,000.
• Imports and Re-imports
Imports have an increasing trend in this period. Maximum imports are recorded in the
year 1979-80 which amounted to Rs. 46,929,134,000. Minimum imports are recorded in
the year 1960-61 with the amount of Rs. 2,173,249,000.
Re-imports are recorded here in the year 1969-70 which has amount of Rs. 43,000.
Overall a deficit trend is here , but here in this period both increase and decrease is found
in deficit. Maximum deficit is found in the year 1964-65 which has amount of Rs. Rs.
2,532,761,000.Minimum deficit is recorded in the year 1961-62 with the amount of Rs.
1,093,387,000.
iii) From 1970-71 to 1979-80
Exports have continuous increasing trend in this period. Maximum exports are recorded
in the year 1979-80 which amounted to Rs. 23,410,124,000 and minimum exports are
recorded in the year 1970-71 which has got an amount of Rs. 1,998,439,000.
Re-exports also have an increasing trend in this period. Maximum is recorded in the year
1976-77 with the amount of Rs. 292,098,000. Minimum re-exports are found in the year
1971-72 which has an amount of Rs. 51,783,000.
Imports also have an increasing trend in this 10 years period. Maximum imports are in
the year 1979-80 with the amount Rs. 49,929,134,000 and minimum imports are in the
year 1971-72 with the amount of Rs. 3,495,366,000.
3
Re-imports are increasing trend up till 1975-76 and after that it has decreasing trend.
Maximum re-imports are in the year 1975-76 with the amount of Rs. 45,320,000 and
minimum is in the year 1970-71 with the amount of Rs. 4,000 only.
In this period ,generally an increasing trend of deficit is found. Here in this period a
surplus also recorded in the year 1972-73 with the amount of Rs. 223,928,000.In all the
other years of this period, deficits are seen. Maximum deficit of this period is in the year
1979-80 with the amount of Rs. 23,217,121,000 and minimum deficit of the period is in
the year 1971-72 with the amount of Rs. 72,430,000.
iv) From 1980-81 to 1989-90
Exports have increasing trend in this period. Maximum exports are in the year
1989-90 with the amount of Rs. 106,469,309,000 and minimum exports are seen in the
Re-exports have an over all increasing trend this decade. Maximum re-exports are seen in
the year 1986-87 with the amount of Rs. 1,651,903,000 and minimum are found in the
year 1980-81 with the amount Rs. 285,786,000.
Imports have continuous increasing trend in this decade. Maximum are in the year 1989-
90 with the amount of Rs. 148,853,335,000 and minimum are in the year 1980-81 with
the amount of Rs. 53,543,695,000.
Re-imports have an increasing trend up till 1986-87 and then it has a decreasing trend.
Over all trend is increasing. Maximum re-imports are recorded in the year 1986-87 with
the amount of Rs. 120,554,000 and minimum are in the year 1980-81 with the amount of
Rs. 3,759,000.
In all the years of this decade deficit is found and it has an increasing trend up to the year
1984-85 and then decreasing trend up to 1986-87 and then again increasing.
Maximum deficit is seen in the year 1984-85 with the amount of Rs. 512,83,109,000.
Minimum deficit in this decade is in the year 1980-81 with the amount of Rs.
23,982,179,000.
v) From 1990-91 to 2000
3
Increasing trend of exports is seen in this decade. Maximum exports of this decade are
found in the year 1999-2000 which has amount of Rs. 443,678,346,000 and minimum are
found in the year 1990-91 which has amount of Rs. 138,281,634,000.
Re-exports are having a little bit decreasing trend in the beginning of this decade and then
increasing trend is there. Maximum re-exports are found in the year 1998-99 with the
amount of Rs. 3,500,835,000 and minimum in the year 1993-94 with the amount of Rs.
Rs. 811,347,000.
Imports also have an increasing trend in this decade. Maximum imports are found in the
year 1999-2000 with the amount of Rs. 533,791,524,000 and minimum are found in the
Re-imports has an overall increasing trend. Maximum re-imports are seen in the year
1999-2000 with the amount of Rs. 940,491,000 and minimum are found in the year
1990-91 with the amount of Rs. 61,201,000.
Deficit is found in all the years of this decade , no surplus is there. Deficit has both
increasing and decreasing trend in this decade but over all trend is increasing. Maximum
deficit is seen in the year 1996-97 with the amount of Rs. 137,668,383,000 and minimum
in the year 1990-91 with the amount of Rs. 31,744,782,000.
vi) From 2000-01 to 2001-03
Exports have an increasing trend in this period. Maximum exports are in year2002-03
with the amount of Rs. 652,293,783,000 and minimum in the year 2001-02 with the
amount of Rs. 539,070,143,000.
Re-exports have increasing and decreasing trend both ,in this period. Maximum re-
exports are in the year 2001-02 with the amount of Rs. 4,306,923,000 and minimum are
in the year 2002-03 with the amount of Rs. 2,943,481,000.
Imports has an increasing trend in this period .Maximum imports are in the year 2002-03
with the amount of Rs. 714,371,855,000 and minimum are in the year 2000-01 with the
amount of Rs.627,000,041,000.
Re-imports have mixed trend i.e.; increasing and decreasing both. Maximum re-imports
are recorded in the year 2000-01 with the amount of Rs. 745,260,000 and minimum are in
the year 2002-03 with the amount of Rs. 341,981,000.
3
Deficit is there and it has a decreasing trend in this period. Maximum deficit of this
period is found in the year 2000-01 with the amount of Rs. 84,964,074,000 and minimum
is found in the year 2002-03 with the amount of Rs. 5,947,652,000.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
As we have studied all the statistics related to the imports and exports of Pakistan in the
previous pages. We can easily see that imports of Pakistan are much higher than its
exports , and Pakistan is facing a continuous deficit in balance of trades since its
inauguration. In while the 57 years it has gained surplus only thrice ,which is a very
discouraging situation for Pakistan `s trade statistics. In fact Pakistan’s trade is too much
concentrated to few commodities groups and to few import and exports markets. We have
to expand our export market in order to expand our exports . More than 50 % exports are
from Textile group ,it is strongly felt that the other sectors are too much week
comparatively , we have to encourage the others product group` s exports and
manufacturing. Our Exports market is concentrated to only 7 to 8 countries. We should
expand our export market to other countries. Imports are too much high than the exports.
We should decrease our imports and should encourage our exports sector in order to
achieve balance of trades.
Tariffs should be keep high so that imports are decreased.

The Quotas of imports should be decreased to discourage imports.
License of imports should be made costly.
Govt. should completely ban the imports of products which are not too much
necessary for the country like certain drugs and Pan cigarettes etc.
The Resources should be imported only to the countries from where these are
available cheaper and easily.
Exports should be encouraged and quotas of exports should be increased to
expand the exports.
Exports taxes should be decreased to increase the exports of Pakistan.
Govt. should give incentives and benefits to the exporters to encourage them
And many more steps can be taken to encourage the exports, but the problem with
Pakistan is that here corruption and bribery is so common that its not easy to stop
imports.
4
REFERENCES
Books
• Economics (third edition) by John Sloman
• International Business(International Edition) By Alan M. Rugman and Richard
M. Hodgetts
• 50 Years of Pakistan` s Statistics (FBS)
• Bulletin of Foreign Trade (October 2007) FBS
• Foreign Trade (1947 to 1992-93)
Web sites
• www.epb.gov.pk
• www.dawn.com
• www.sbu.com.pk
• www.izlamabad4u.com
• www.pakeconomicstructure.com.pk

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Economics Trade trends of Pakistan

Average price of exports

Methods and Materials

Objectives of the Report

The objectives of the report “trade trends of Pakistan” are following:

The overall objectives to be achieved from such promotional events are:

a. To maximize exports and market share with the help of experienced

c. To increase geographical spread in developed countries of our exports in

Major Exports of Pakistan

Table: Major export products and their share in total exports

S# Products % Share in total

Exports by commodities F ish and fish preparations

F ruit, vegetables & preparation there of

20% 0% C otton yarn

2% Synthetic textile fabrics

Tarpaulin and other canvas goods

C arpets, carpeting, rugs and mats

ii) Exports by product groups

Table: Commodity groups and there share in total exports

1 Primary Commodities 7.37

Exports by porduct groups

iii) Exports by Economic Categories

Table: Exports by Economic Categories

S.# Economic Category % Share in total exports

1 Primary Commodities 11.25

Exports by economic categories

Major Export Markets

Table: Exports to Major Countries

Countries July – October, 2007

5 major export countries

ii) Major Territories/Regions of Pakistan’s Export Market

Table: Exports by Territories/Regions

Territories/Regions July – October, 2007

1 Latin and Central America 0.57

5 major export territories/regions

Major Imports of Pakistan

i) Imports By Products or commodities

Table: Imports by commodities or products

S# Products % share in total imports

1 Palm oil 4.23

Iron and steel

1% 9% Tires and tubes

ii) Imports by Product Groups

Table: Imports by Product Groups

S Commodity Groups % share in imports

iii) Imports By Economic Categories

Table: Imports by Economic Categories:

S.# Economic Category % Share in total imports

1 Consumer Goods 12.38

2 Raw Material for Consumer Goods 48.10

3 Raw Material for Capital Goods 7.46

4 Capital Goods 32.06

Major Import Markets

i) Major Countries of Pakistan` s Import Market

Table: Imports From Major Countries

Countries July – October, 2007

1 Saudi Arabia 12.04

10 major import countries