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Ijaret: International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (Ijaret)
Ijaret: International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (Ijaret)
0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, July August (2013), IAEME
231
MHD FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER FOR THE UPPER CONVECTED
MAXWELL FLUID OVER A STRETCHING SHEET WITH VISCOUS
DISSIPATION
Anand H. Agadi
1*
,
M. Subhas Abel
2
, Jagadish V. Tawade
3
and Ishwar Maharudrappa
4
1*
Department of Mathematics, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot-587102, INDIA
2
Department of Mathematics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga- 585 106, INDIA
3
Department of Mathematics, Bheemanna Khandre Institute of Technology, Bhalki-585328
4
Department of Mathematics, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot-587102
ABSTRACT
In the present work, the effect of MHD flow and heat transfer within a boundary layer flow
on an upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid over a stretching sheet is examined. The governing
boundary layer equations of motion and heat transfer are non-dimensionalized using suitable
similarity variables and the resulting transformed ordinary differential equations are then solved
numerically by shooting technique. For a UCM fluid, a thinning of the boundary layer and a drop in
wall skin friction coefficient is predicted to occur for higher the elastic number which agrees with the
results of Hayat et al. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of various
parameters like elastic parameter
2
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
(
(2)
where 0
B
, is the strength of the magnetic field,
is dynamic
viscosity of the fluid and
| |
= = =
|
\
(4)
where superscript
'
denotes the differentiation with respect to
= = =
(6)
3. HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS
By using usual boundary layer approximations, the equation of the energy for two-
dimensional flow is given by
2
2
2
.
p p
T T k T u
u v
x y C y C y
| |
+ = +
|
\
(7)
where
, , and
p
T c k
are, respectively, the temperature, the density, specific heat at
constant pressure and the thermal conductivity is assumed to vary linearly with temperature. We
define the dimensionless temperature as
2
( ) , where = ( ) ( )
w
w
T T x
T T b PST Case
T T l
| |
=
|
\
(8a)
2
2
-
( ) , where ( )
1
w
T T D x
g T T PHFCase
k l b
x
b
l k b
| |
= =
|
\
| |
|
\
(8b)
The thermal boundary conditions depend upon the type of the heating process being
considered. Here, we are considering two general cases of heating namely, (i) Prescribed surface
temperature and (ii) prescribed wall heat flux, varying with the distance.
3.1. Governing equation for the prescribed surface temperature case (PST - Case)
For this heating process, the prescribed temperature is assumed to be a quadratic function of x
is given by
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN
0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, July August (2013), IAEME
235
2
0
, 0, ( ) 0.
0,
w s
x
u Bx v T T x T T at y
l
u T T as y
| |
= = = = =
|
\
=
(9)
Where l is the characteristic length. Using (4), (5) and (9), the dimensionless temperature variable
given by (8a), satisfies
2
Pr 2 , f f Ecf ( =
(10)
Where
Pr
p
c
k
=
is the Prandtl number and
2 2
b l
Ec
ACp
=
is the Eckert number. The corresponding
boundary conditions are
(0) 1 at 0
( ) 0 as
= =
=
(11)
3.2. Governing equation for the prescribed heat flux case (PHF - Case)
The power law heat flux on the wall surface is considered to be a quadratic power of x in the
form
2
, 0
0, .
w
w
T x
u Bx k q D at y
y l
u T T as y
| | | |
= = = =
| |
\
\
(12)
Here D is constant, k is thermal conductivity. Using (4), (5) and (12), the dimensionless temperature
variable g given by (8b), satisfies
2
Pr 2 , f g g f Ecf g ( =
(13)
The corresponding boundary conditions are
( ) 1, ( ) 0. g g = =
(14)
The rate of heat transfer between the surface and the fluid conventionally expressed in
dimensionless form as a local Nusselt number and is given by
0
Re '(0)
x
w y
x T
Nu x
T T y
=
| |
=
|
\
(15)
Similarly, momentum equation is simplified and exact analytic solutions can be derived for the skin-
friction coefficient or frictional drag coefficient as
0
2
1
(0)
( )
Re
y
f
x
u
dy
C f
Bx
=
| |
|
\
=
(16)
where
2
Re
x
Bx
=
is known as local Reynolds number
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN
0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, July August (2013), IAEME
236
4. NUMERICAL SOLUTION
We adopt the most effective shooting method (see Refs.. Conte et al [19]) with fourth order
Runge-Kutta integration scheme to solve boundary value problems in PST and PHF cases mentioned
in the previous section. The non-linear equations (5) and (10) in the PST case are transformed into a
system of five first order differential equations as follows:
( )
0
1
1
2
2
2
1 1 0 2 0 1 2 2
2
0
0
1
2 1
1 0 1 0
,
,
2
,
1
,
Pr 2 .
df
f
d
df
f
d
f M f f f f f f df
d f
d
d
d
f f Ecf
d
=
=
+
=
=
( =
(17)
Subsequently the boundary conditions in (6) and (11) take the form,
0 1 1
2 0 0
(0) 0, (0) 1, ( ) 0,
(0) 0, (0) 0, ( ) 0.
f f f
f
= = =
= = =
(18)
Here 0 0
( ) a n d ( ) . f f = =
aforementioned boundary value problem is first
converted into an initial value problem by appropriately guessing the missing slopes 2 1
(0) and (0) f
.
The resulting IVP is solved by shooting method for a set of parameters appearing in the governing
equations with a known value of 2 1
(0) and (0) f
. Once the convergence is achieved we integrate the
resultant ordinary differential equations using standard fourth order RungeKutta method with the
given set of parameters to obtain the required solution.
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The exact solution do not seem feasible for a complete set of equations (5)-(10) because of
the non linear form of the momentum and thermal boundary layer equations. This fact forces one to
obtain the solution of the problem numerically. The effect of several parameters controlling the
velocity and temperature profiles obtained are compared with Hayat et.al[13], shown graphically and
discussed briefly.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN
0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, July August (2013), IAEME
237
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Fig.2(a). The effect of MHDparameter Mon u-velocity component f ' at =0
M=0,1,2,3,4,5
B=0
f'()
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Fig.2(b). The effect of MHD parameter Mon v-velocity component f' at =0
B=0
f()
M=0,1,2,3,4,5
Figs.2(a) and 2(b) shows the effect of magnetic parameter M, in the absence of Elastic
parameter
(at 0) =
on the velocity profile above the sheet. An increase in the magnetic parameter
leads in decrease of both u- and v- velocity components at any given point above the sheet. This is
due to the fact that applied transverse magnetic field produces a drag in the form of Lorentz force
thereby decreasing the magnitude of velocity. The drop in horizontal velocity as a consequence of
increase in the strength of magnetic field is observed.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Fig.3(a). The effect of MHD parameter Mon u-velocity component f' at
B=1
f'()
M=0,1,2,3,4,5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Fig.3(b). The effect of MHD parameter Mon v-velocity component f' at =1
B=1
f()
M=0,1,2,3,4,5
Figs.3(a) and 3(b) show the same effect as said above, but, in the presence of Elastic
parameter
(at 1) =
. That is, an increase in the magnetic parameter leads in increase of fluid
temperature at any given point above the sheet.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN
0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, July August (2013), IAEME
238
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Fig.4(a). The effect of Elastic parameter on u-velocity component f ' at M=0
f'()
M=0
= 0,0.1,0.5,1,2,5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Fig.4(b). Theeffect of Elastic parameter onv-velocity component f ' at M=0
f()
=5.0
=2.0
=1.0
=0.1
=0.5
=0.0
M=0
Figs.4(a)and 4(b) show the effect of Elastic parameter
M=1
= 0,0.1,0.5,1,2,5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Fig.5(b). Theeffect of Elastic parameter onv-velocitycomponent f' at M=1
f '()
M=1
=0,0.1,0.5,1,2,5
Figs.5(a)and 5(b) show the effect of Elastic parameter
PST
B=1.0
M=1.0
Pr=1.0
M=0,1,2,3,4,5
0 2 4 6 8
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Fig.6(b). Theeffect of MHDparameter Montemperatureprofiles()
()
PHF
B=1.0
Pr=1.0
M=0,1,2,3,4,5
Figs.6(a)and 6(b) show the effect of magnetic parameter on the temperature profiles above
the sheet for both PST and PHF cases. An increase in the magnetic parameter is seen to increase the
fluid temperature above the sheet. That is, the thermal boundary layer becomes thicker for larger the
magnetic parameter.
Figs. 7(a) and 7(b) show the effect of Prandtl number on the temperature profiles above the
sheet for both PST and PHF cases. An increase in the Prandtl number is seen to decrease the fluid
temperature
( )
above the sheet. That is not surprising realizing the fact that the thermal boundary
becomes thinner for, larger the Prandtl number. Therefore, with an increase in the Prandtl number the
rate of thermal diffusion drops. This scenario is valid for both PST and PHF cases. For the PST case
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Fig 7(a): Effect of Pr on temperature profile
Ec=1.0
PST
Pr = (0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Fig 7(b): Effect of Pr on tempreture gradiant
Pr = 1.0
Pr = 0.1
Pr = 0.01
PHF
g ()
)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Fig.8(b):Effect of Ec on tempreture gradiant
PHF
Ec = 0.01, 1.0, 5.0, 10
()
, Mn, Pr and Ec
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0976 6480(Print), ISSN 0976 6499(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, July August (2013), IAEME
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