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Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
In the year 1820, it was discovered by Orested that an electric current produces a
magnetic field. Soon after this, efforts were made to observe the converse of the
magnetic effects of current, i.e. to show that magnetic field may produce electric
current. Michel Faraday in England in 1831 demonstrated that electric current can
be produced by employing a changing magnetic field. This phenomenon is called as
electromagnetic induction.
Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday summed up his experimental results in the form of two laws known as
Faraday’s Laws of electromagnetic induction .These are stated as follows
First law: When the magnetic flux linked with the coil changes, an emf is induced
in it which lasts so long as the change of magnetic flux continues.
Thus condition for an emf to be induced in a coil is changing magnetic flux.
Second law: The magnitude of the induced emf is directly proportional to the rate
of change of magnetic flux. Mathematically,
d
e
dt
d
i.e. e K
dt
Where K is constant of proportionality and is taken as 1.
d
Induced emf e
dt
The direction or sense of polarity of the induced emf is such that it tends to produce
an induced current that will create a magnetic flux to oppose the change in the
magnetic flux through the coil. This is known as Lenz’s Law and is stated below.
Lenz’s Law
Whenever an induced emf is set-up, the direction of the induced current through the
loop is such that it opposes the cause which produces it.
d
Thus induced emf in a coil becomes e
dt
The Lenz’s law is the consequence of the law of conservation of energy.
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