SEMINAR TOPIC ON GAS CLEANING PLANT SUBMITTED TO

Asst. Prof. B.B. SATPATHY Er. SANTOSH PANDA Dept. of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

~:SUBMITTED BY:~
ANUP KUMAR SINGH REGD NO: 1001217083 7TH SEM, MECH. ENGG

PKACE, BARGARH
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. ANUP kumar SINGH, a student of 7thsemester, mechanical engineering of Padmashree Krutartha Acharya College Of Engineering bearing Regd. No.

1001217083 has taken active interest in preparing his seminar report in

GAS CLEANING PLANT

This is in partial fulfillment of requirement for the Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering, under Biju Pattnaik University of Technology, Odisha. We wish him all the best for his bright future & endeavor.

Asst. Prof. B.B. SATPATHY HOD (MECH)

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Er. SANTOSH PANDA

LECTURER (MECH)

~:ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:~
THE SATISFACTION THAT ACCOMPANIES THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE TASK WOULD BE INCOMPLETE WITHOUT THE MENTION OF THE PEOPLE WHO MADE IT POSSIBLE & WHOSE CONSTANT GUIDENCE CROWNS ALL EFFORTS WITH SUCCESS.I EXPRESS MY DEEP SENSE OF GRATITUDE TO Prof. B.B.SATHPATHY, Er. SANTOSH PANDA, DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING FOR THEIR INITIATIVE AND CONSTANT INSPIRATION. LASTLY I EXPRESS MY GRATITUDE TO ALL THE LECTURERS, LAB INSTRUCTOR AND FRIENDS FOR THEIR COOPERATIVE HAND THEIR VALUABLE SUGGESTION DURING THE PREPARATION OF THIS SEMINAR REPORT.

THANK yoU

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION PARTS OF GCP & ITS FUNCTION WORKING DIAGRAM BRIEF DESCRIPTION ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE APPLICATION SAFETY PRECAUTION CONCLUSION REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION TO GCP:~
The Gas cleaning plant is that section of the gas handling system from the outlet of the water cooled membrane hood section through to the tip of the Flare Stack. The function of the Gas Cleaning Plant is to cool the gas from approximately 1000 OC to 70OC, to clean the gas, and to deliver it to the Flare Stack for combustion before exhaust to atmosphere or for gas recovery system.

PARTS OF GCP &ITS FUNCTION:~

PRIMARY VENTURI SCRUBBER:The primary Venturi Scrubber is a single Venturi Scrubber, circular in section at the inlet from the Membrane Hood, changing in shape as it
Tangentialconverges nozzle

to a rectangular section at the throat. Recycled scrubbing

water Bull nozzle

is sprayed tangentially from nine sprays equally spaced around

the circumference of the inlet section against an inner sleeve which directs the water evenly down the inner walls of the Venturi. A central Bull Nozzle Spray. is provided. It is situated approximately 2m above the Primary Venturi Scrubber and approximately 1m below the tangential sprays.

PRIMARY SEPERATING ELBOW:The purpose of the 90OC separating elbow is to collect the bulk of the slurry from the Primary Venturi Scrubber. This is achieved by reducing the gas velocity in the elbow, by increasing the cross sectional area in the direction of flow and by the use of internal guide vanes which channel the slurry into a total of six drain branches which are located on each side and at the bottom of the elbow. The larger dust particles are saturated in the throat of this Venturi ensuring their capture in the form of slurry from the scrubber. The throat contains two damper blades. which adjust the cross sectional area of the throat by means of a lever and turn buckle system. Once set, Primary ventury the blades will remain in the position which gives the desired

operational conditions. A washing facility is provided to direct water to the back of the blades to prevent dust build-up.

PRIMARY SEPERATING ELBOW:The purpose of the 90OC separating elbow is to collect the bulk of the slurry from the Primary Venturi Scrubber. This is achieved by reducing the gas velocity in the elbow, by increasing the cross sectional area in the direction of flow and by the use of internal guide vanes which channel the slurry into a total of six drain branches which are located on each side and at the bottom of the elbow. The drain branches convey the slurry to the Primary Seal Tank. A water spray is provided to flush the elbow during a period after the end of the blow (duct washing) to prevent dust build-up and to assist in slurry removal.

PRIMARY SEAL TANK:This tank receives all the effluent from the Primary Separating Elbow and discharges via an internal overflow channel and drain pipe to a Launder and thence to the Effluent Treatment Plant. The Tank is fitted with a Bottom Deflector Cone and two Agitators Sprays to keep solid particles in suspension. This Tank also receives cooling water discharged from the Pressure Relief Door Seal at the top of the Radiation Section of the Hood. The Tank has a sealed top to prevent the ingress of air or the escape of CO rich gases but a ventilation pipe is fitted which extends to the outside of the building.

SECONDARY VENTURI SCRUBBER:After the Primary Separating Elbow the gas passes down a Converging Transition Section and round a 90O elbow to the Secondary Venturi Scrubber. The function of the Secondary Venturi Scrubber is to remove the smaller dust particles still remaining in the gas (the coarser particles having been removed at the Primary Venturi Scrubber. This is achieved by having a more intensive scrubbing action than at the Primary stage, the energy for which is provided by a large gas pressure drop of the order of 1145 mm H2O across the Secondary Venturi Scrubber. The Scrubber comprises a Converging Section followed by a Rectangular Throat. This contains two Damper Bladeswhich are operated automatically by two hydraulic Cylinders to vary the Throat cross-sectional area.

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SECONDARY SEPERATING ELBOW:The function of this 90O Separating Elbow is to collect the bulk of the spent scrubbing water from the Secondary Venturi Scrubber. This is achieved by reducing the gas velocity in the Elbow by increasing the cross sectional area in the direction of flow and by use of internal Guide Vanes which channel the spent scrubber water into a total of six Drain Branches which are located on each side and at the bottom of the Unit. The Drain Branches convey the spent scrubber water to the ID Fan Sump.

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MIST ELIMINATOR:The Mist Eliminator is attached to the outlet side of the Secondary Separating Elbow. It is a converging section number which contains of Z-section a large baffles

positioned transversely to the gas stream. Impingement of the gas on these baffles promotes the

separation of moisture from the gas water drops to the bottom of the Eliminator to a drain branch. The water then drains to the ID Fan Sump.

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INDUCED DRAUGHT FAN (ID FAN):A centrifugal single inlet induced draught fan, acts as the exhaust fan for the system. The fan is fitted with inlet damper and associated control equipment. The inlet guide vanes will be used to de rate the fan during blowing in the initial operations of the plant without gas recovery to conserve power during off blow periods.

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WORKING DIAGRAM OF GAS CLEANING PLANT:~

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LAYOUT OF GAS CLEANIG PLANT:~

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 A BRIEF PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF GAS CLEANING PLANT:~

The gas cleaning process starts at the downward leg of the convertor Hood System. The Lance system is a 3 concentric pipe system (which forms an assembly), where-in the oxygen flows in the central copper pipe with a Mach No. of 1. Through the two outer seamless pipes flows DM water for cooling. The Oxygen is discharged from the central pipe, that makes a nozzle type formation at discharge and Oxygen flows out through the 6 holes present at the discharging location. The holes have a converging diverging profile that assists the flow of Oxygen. The Oxygen is used to charge the furnace (B.O.F.). It reacts with the Carbon present in the charge and produces CO, CO2, and other gases. These gases along with coal particles, dust particles form the LD Gas, which is very toxic, as it contains CO to % as high as 42%.

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This LD Gas needs to be cleaned, and the process for cleaning is known as the Gas Cleaning Process. Over the top of the convertor, is the hood, which is placed within a moveable Skirt, that can move up and down to increase or decrease the gap between the Hood and the Convertor, in order to maintain the pressure at the top of the convertor to 0 P , that is, to a pressure, slightly above the atmospheric, generally, 3 bar so as to produce an air-seal at the gap of convertor and hood, in order to prevent any unclean as well as cold atmospheric air to come in and purge the system. The temperature inside the convertor is around 1600oC, while the temperature at the top of the convertor is around 1200oC. The gas flows through the hood, which is actually a stainless steel pipe, (at approx. 2 lakh Nm3/hr.) where there it gets continuously cooled by the flow of DM water (of the Hood Cooling Water System). After rising for sometime time, at 49m. The hood takes a right turn (of almost 90 degrees). This is the max. height of the system. This right turn slows the heavy particles down and the in relation to the gas velocity.

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After this the pipe descend almost vertically to the height of 32m. where it enters the region of Primary Quencher. At the Primary Quencher, there are 12 tangential nozzles placed around a circle, that are slightly off set from one another. Thus the spray of water coming out from them forms a water curtain, thats quenches the particles in the gas, thus making them heavier. There is a bull nozzle, above this water curtain that sprays water from above in the form of a solid cone. Just below the Primary Quencher, there is a venturi, that is there to control the flow, so as to maintain the pressure at the top of the convertor to 0P. Generally, though this is kept fixed, after it is adjusted at the beginning of service. After the quencher, the wet gas comes down to the 23m. level where there is the primary elbow, that is, where the pipe takes almost a 90o bend to become horizontal. The pipe from 32m to 23m contains baffle plates, that not only support the pipes, but also, because of being perforated, assists the segregation of the heavy wet particles, water and the LD Gas. Thus in the primary elbow the gas gets partially cleaned of the particulate matters.

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After the primary elbow, the pipe descends to the 17m level, where there is the Secondary Quencher. In the secondary quencher, there are 36 nozzles placed around the pipe in the form of a cylinder, in the diametrically opposite locations. Thus the gas and so, the particles get further quenched and hence, more heavier. Just after this is the second venturi, from where again flow rate can be controlled, in accordance to maintain the converter pressure. The flow rate is measured by LVDT, thus forming a feedback system. Thereafter the pipe descends to 9m level, where there is the Secondary Elbow, also, containing a baffle plate. Here the water and the particles settle at the lower part of the pipe while the gas flows over and gets completely cleaned off particles. The gas thus is send to the ID Fan, where it gets released to the Flare Stack, or gets stored in the Gas Holder. Because of the presence of large amount of CO, this gas has relatively high calorific value, and so, on being mixed with coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, forms fuel for the furnaces of the different mils, viz. CRM, HSM, WRM, etc.

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ADVANTAGE OF GAS CLEANING PLANT:~

1. It provides safety to the turbine and compressor from damage. 2. It purify the air as much as possible. 3. It increase the life of a plant.

DISADVANTAGE OF GAS CLEANING PLANT:~

1. Its requires a large area for set up of GCP. 2. Its initial cost is high. 3. A skilled person is require to operate it.

APPLICATION:~
GCP is used by large scale industry like TATA STEEL, SAIL and JINDAL POWER PLANT to reduce air pollution.

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SAFETY PRECAUTION:~
The possible dangers associated with the fluid services should be recognized and the necessary precaution taken: WATER:-Water is circulated throughout the BOS plant. Hot metals Slag coming contact with water can cause violent eruption and Dangerous situations. OXYGEN:-Oxygen is colourless, odourless, tasteless and non-toxic.it will If ignited, VIGOROUSLY support combustion. Oxygen in contact with oil/grease will burn with explosive force. No smoking signs must be posted in all appropriate areas. NITROGEN:-An inert gas colourless, odourless, tasteless but extremely toxic. CARBON MONOXIDE:-It is produced during the steelmaking process. It can be taken by saturated gas cleaning waters into all areas of the gas cleaning plant. As well as supporting combustion it is also very toxic.

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CONCLUSION:~
This study proposed to be adopted in other industry also for reduce air pollution with the help of gas cleaning plant. GCP reduce the air as much as possible from industries, and make the environment free from air pollution. If every industry can used this technology, then we can say that air pollution will be very less in the coming days.

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REFERENCES:~

Asst. Prof. B.B. SATPATHY Er. SANTOSH PANDA www.google.gcp image www.tatasteel.com

http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/gas cleaning
www.seminartopics.com Friends

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