Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Energy Audit and Energy Certification
Energy Audit and Energy Certification
Directive 2006/32/EC
D. Lgs. 115/2008
Waste 3% Other 0%
Energy 79%
-20%
-10%
20%
So far the EU is not on track to meet its 20% energy saving target by 2020
1900
Projections from 2007
1850
Primary energy consumption*, Mtoe
1842 Mtoe
business as usual
Status today
GAP
-20% objective
2010
2015
2020
Competitiveness
Security of supply
Sustainability
And the comprehensive set of european policies & measures in place to address energy efficiency in all its aspects
EUROPEAN ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICIES & MEASURES
Targets
cooperation
R&D
Fiscal tools
EU 20%
To tap the remaining economic energy saving potentials for 2020 throughout the sectors
Savings expected to be achieved with already existing measures Remaining saving potential to be addressed with new measures
11% 2% 5% 16%
29%
A new impetus is needed: commission puts forward a new energy efficiency directive
Public sector
Sectoral measures
Households
Services
Energy supply
Industry
New EED
EED proposals
Purchase of products, services & buildings with high energy efficiency standards
12%
Creating benefits for consumers through the provision of tailored energy services and information
Status
Considerable saving potential unused in the residential and services sectors Slow uptake of market for energy efficiency services Lack of awareness & access to appropriate information on EE benefits Technological developments (e.g. smart meters/ grids) not sufficiently reflecting households interests Energy audit and energy certification
EED proposals
National energy efficiency obligation scheme for utilities Obligation for individual energy meters, reflecting actual energy consumption & information on actual time of use Ensure accuracy & frequency of billing based on actual consumption Appropriate information with the bill providing comprehensive account of current energy costs
EED proposals
10-year national heat & cooling plans: transparency, predictability & alignment of policies for investments Waste heat recovery (CHP) obligation for new and existing power & industrial plants Network tariffs design to encourage offering services for consumers allowing them to save energy & control consumption National annual inventories of generation installations to monitor efficiency levels
CHP uses 30% less fuel for the same amount of heat & power but level of use in EU low: 11% vs. 21%.
New generation installations not systematically reflecting level of Best Energy audit and energy certification Available Technologies
Increase awareness for benefits stemming from energy efficiency improvements in industry
Status
28% Important share in overall final energy consumption
EED proposals
Member States to create incentives for SMEs to undergo energy audits
Remaining potential
Dissemination of best practices on benefits of energy management systems for SME businesses
Achieved savings
Mandatory audits for large companies & incentives for the implementation of recommended measures and the introduction of Energy Management Systems
July 2011 September - December 2011 January June 2012 June December 2012 December 2013 June 2014
Assessment objective
of
progress
towards
20%
saving
Establishing long-term synergies between the energy sector liberalization and end-use energy efficiency
A possible market-based policy portfolio oriented towards enduse energy efficiency could comprise energy-savings quota for some category of operators (distributors, suppliers, consumers, etc.) coupled with a trading system for energy-efficiency measures resulting in energy savings. The savings would be verified by the regulator and certified by means of the so-called white certificates (tradable certificates for energy savings).
Systems with savings obligations and tradable certificates for energy savings (TCES) in Europe
Four key elements
the creation and framing of the demand, the tradable instrument (certificate) and the rules for trading, Institutional infrastructure and processes (such as measurement and verification) to support the scheme. the cost recovery mechanism in some cases. In Europe variations of this policy mix have been introduced in Italy, Italy Great Britain, Britain and since July 2006, also in France. France The Netherlands is currently considering the implementation of a white certificate system. In Flanders (Belgium) and in Ireland there are savings obligations imposed on electricity distributors without certificate trading option; saving obligations on electricity and heat distributors in Denmark.
Energy audit and energy certification
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Electricity and gas suppliers
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El ec
En er g
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Ga s
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Regulatory Authority
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Brokers
ESCOs
Other participants
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Targets in primary energy consumption on electricity and gas grid distribution companies with more than 50,000 customers; by the end of 2006 the Government is expected to set rules for distributors under this threshold; targets set on an annual basis 2009-2014. The mechanism is planned to deliver energy savings equivalent to 5,8 millions toe in the five year target period.
Italy: all end-use sectors eligible (but 50 % constraint); an illustrative list of eligible projects; projects contribute to the achievement of targets for up to 5 years (with only some exceptions). So far: generation and distribution systems for various energy carriers (29%); households electricity consumption (28%); energy consumption for heating purposes in the households and the commercial sector (20%) and public lighting (19%). Targets achieved (mostly early action), surplus banked.
Residential consumers only Sectoral coverage Restrictions Obliged parties 50 % from priority group (low income consumers on social benefits). Electricity and gas suppliers above 50,000 residential customers served
All consumers
All consumers
50 % from reduction in own energy vector (electricity and gas). Electricity and gas distributors above 100,000 customers served Electricity, gas, LPG, heat, cold and heating fuel above 0.4 TWh/y
Trading
No certificates; Obligations can be traded; Savings can be traded after own obligation met; No spot market; One-way trade in national emission trading scheme;
only exchange
bilateral
Penalty
No specific guidance on how penalty would be calculated; The penalty can arrive up to 10 % of the suppliers turnover.
Fixed by the Regulator according to criteria such as: the actual possibility to meet the target, the magnitude of the noncompliance, the state of affairs of the non-
0.02 Euro/kWh
Saving objectives
Baseline definition
Present regulation; Sales average and performance of the most commonly used appliance on the market average-on-the-market (appliances and equipment); Average consumption of installed stock; Building stock or equipment stock (e.g. in insulation measures in France);
Energy audit and energy certification
Most of the projects submitted to date are of the deemed saving and engineering method variety. There is ex-post verification and certification of actual energy savings achieved (yearly)
Energy audit and energy certification
Watt-hour (Wh) meters & What Would Have Happened (WWHH) meters
What Would Have Happened Meter WWHH meter
1,000,000
Watt-hour Meter
Types of TEE
There are 3 different types of White Certificates I type: reduction in the final use of EE; II type: reduction in the final use of nautral gas; III type: reduction in the final use of energy for transportation.
Types of projects (definizione ) Standard projects (according to a technical schede decided by the authority) The saving are calcolated for number of devices (UFR) that are object of the intervention (es.: number of burners installed, m2 of windows replaced); Analytical projects (according to a technical schede decided by the authority) The savings are calculated with a simple algorithm and some few operating parameters. Non-standard project (according to a proposal of measurement plan (pppm) presented by the ESCO)
Every project must demonstrate a minimum account of savinf in order to obtain the TEE Tipologia di progetto Standard Analytical Non standard Soggetti obbligati Soggetti volontari
Il rispetto della dimensione minima viene verificato solo nellambito della prima richiesta di verifica e certificazione dei risparmi energetici (RVC).
Energy audit and energy certification
TEE duration
La vita utile, definita nellambito dei decreti 20.7.04 pari a: 10 years for high efficiency cogeneration, (art. 30 comma 11 della Legge 23 luglio 2009, n. 99); 8 years for saving in civil application (windows, insulation, bioclimatization, and so on); 5 years in other cases.
Scheda tecnica n. 5* Sostituzione di vetri semplici con doppi vetri; Scheda tecnica n. 6* Isolamento delle pareti e delle coperture; Scheda tecnica n. 7* Impiego di impianti fotovoltaici di potenza elettrica inferiore a 20 kW; Scheda tecnica n. 8* Impiego di collettori solari per la produzione di acqua calda sanitaria; Scheda tecnica n. 19* Installazione di condizionatori ad aria esterna ad alta efficienza con potenza frigorifera inferiore a 12 kWf; Scheda tecnica n. 20* Isolamento termico delle pareti e delle coperture per il raffrescamento estivo in ambito domestico e terziario; Scheda tecnica n. 23 Sostituzione di lampade semaforiche a incandescenza con lampade semaforiche a LED; Scheda tecnica n. 24 Sostituzione di lampade votive a incandescenza con lampade votive a LED;
Energy audit and energy certification
Scheda tecnica n. 28 - Realizzazione di sistemi ad alta efficienza per lilluminazione di gallerie autostradali ed extraurbane principali; Scheda tecnica n. 29a - Realizzazione di nuovi sistemi di illuminazione ad alta efficienza per strade destinate al traffico motorizzato; Scheda tecnica n. 29b - Installazione di corpi illuminanti ad alta efficienza in sistemi di illuminazione esistente per strade destinate al traffico motorizzato.
Obatained savings
From 1 january 2005 to 31 december 2010: - 8,0 milions T.e.p. saved. - 21,5 milions tonn CO2 avoided.
The authority estimates that every white certificate has obtained saviongs from 118 to 587 euro/Tep, with a cost from 89,92 to 100 euro/Tep.
ESCO
UNI 11352:2010
At the moment there are about 20 ESCo certified according to this standards A new law of march 2012 obblige the Public administration to buy energy services only by ESCo that have the requirement specified in the UNI 11352; (if an ESCO is certified the requirements are automatically verified)
Energy Manager
From the law 10/1991 every firm with a total consuption of
More than 10.000 TOE for the industrial firm; More than 1.000 TOE for other sector;
must nominate an Energy Manager. The Energy Manager is in charge for the rational (=efficient) use of the energy and must support the high management in every decision regarding the energy production and use.
Consumo in tep = 0,23 x consumo in MWh (*) se in alta o media tensione Consumo in tep = 0,25 x consumo in MWh (*) se in bassa tensione
Calculation example
Calculation example
Uso Consumo EE (TEP/anno) Consumo metano (TEP/anno) Consumo gasolio (TEP/anno) Consumo pellet (TEP/anno) Totale (TEP/a nno) incidenza
Produzione vapore Produzione Linea 1 Produzione Linea 2 Produzione Linea 3 Logistica Uffici
75,6
------------6,7
---------------4,3
----------------
---2,1
----
Totale
Energy Expert
Furthermore to the traditional Energy Manager (that is usually a worker of the company) the UNI has introduces also a new figure, an energy expert, a professional that has certified his knowledge with a specific exam. UNI CEI 11339:2009 "Gestione dell'energia. Esperti in gestione dell'energia. Requisiti generali per la qualificazione (Energy management expert. Requirements for the qualification)
Energy expert
At the moment there are 40 energy expert certified in Italy. The professional value of the certification is little recognized from the market Nevertheless in the short future they could have a strong development: for istance the ESCo certified according to UNI 11352 must have a certified Energy Expert in their organization chart
then
facilities
Energy audit and energy certification
equipment
personnel
systems
processes
58
Business Benefits
Implementation of an energy management plan assists a company to: Actively managing energy use and costs, reducing exposure to rising energy costs Reduce emissions without negative effect on operations Continual improvement of energy intensity (energy use/product) Document savings for internal and external use (e.g. emission credits) Utilize company personnel and resources wisely
Companies who have used energy management to achieve major energy intensity improvements1 include:
Dow Chemical achieved 22% improvement ($4B savings) between 1994 and 2005, and is now seeking another 25% from 2005 to 2015 United Technologies Corp reduced global GHG emissions by 46% per dollar of revenue from 2001 to 2006, and is now seeking an additional 12% reduction from 2006 to 2010 Toyotas North American (NA) Energy Management Organization has reduced energy use per unit by 23% since 2002; company-wide energy-saving efforts have saved $9.2 million in NA since 1999.
1 Btu/lb of product
An energy management system (EnMS): Strengthens management focus on energy Creates awareness /encourages commitment across a company/organization Introduces and sustains a systematic approach to efficiency Requires management commitment of resources appropriate to the goals of the EnMS Is based on measurement Provides continuity through changes in personnel
Structured Approach
Senior management commit to program
Investment Years 3
Source: UNIDO 2010
Most industrial enterprises that have implemented EnMS achieved average annual energy intensity reductions of 2.03.0% against the 1.0% reduction of business as usual (Ireland, Netherlands, Denmark, USA) However, for companies new to energy management, savings during the first 2 years are 10-20% EnMS accelerate adoption of energy efficient best-practices and technology upgrades, enhancing productivity and competitiveness
Energy performance
Energy performance is a larger concept than the simply energy consumption
UNI 11428
Following the other standards on energy management (UNI 11339, UNI 11352, and so on) UNI has decided to introduce a specific standard on energy audit UNI CEI/TR 11428:2011 "Gestione dell'energia - Diagnosi energetiche - Requisiti generali del servizio di diagnosi energetica (Energy audit general requirements for energy audit service) In the following slides there will be a brief description of the energy audit requirements.
73
Possibly all facilities will discuss renewable energy options and have a desktop analysis of promising alternatives
Feasibility studies performed where potential exists for significant energy production
All facilities will use BOTH to develop a prioritized action list to guide their next steps
74
76
76
DURATION: Several hours in the facility PRODUCT: Usually suggestions for low cost improvements to lights/HVAC RESULTS: Quick payback projects that take advantage of utility rebates
78
DURATION: Several hours in facility plus additional time to review energy bills, etc. PRODUCT: Suggestions for low cost improvements to lights/HVAC and equipment upgrades in existing processes (e.g., VFDs, premium efficiency motors) RESULTS: Quick payback projects that take advantage of utility rebates
79
Barnestable
Not calculated
$32,422
Edgartown (audit 1)
$209,328
$17,728
Edgartown (audit 2)
Not calculated
$42,082
GLSD
$3,286,000
$1,028,000
~$25,000
$319,000
Projected Annual Savings Level II Building and Equipment Walkthrough Shut off computers, copiers nights/weekends Use Energy saver mode on Computers, copiers Lighting upgrades Upgrade Domestic HW system Install VFD on aeration blowers Redesign Aeration system, install DO controls
Energy audit and energy certification
$ $ $ $ $
Estimates of power usage by equipment type No detailed analysis of equipment specs and performance Estimates of implementation cost and payback Simple low cost solutions but less savings
84
85
Prelim/Primary Treatment 7%
Digestion 14%
Secondary/RAS Pumps 9%
86
Cost saving
87
Review
All facilities will benefit from an audit Audits vary in size, scope, complexity, and cost PAs will help you fund audits and projects Renewable energy assessments are important but should come after efficiency projects Audits that dont lead to completed projects dont save any energy
Thank you!