.

-CoA

O2

8 e-

2 CO2

ATP


.




.
,
50%

.


,
.

6-

6-

1,6-

NAD+

Pi,
NADH

1,3-
D
T

3-

X2

2-
-
D
T

:
+ 2Pi + 2ADP + 2NAD+
2 + 2ATP + 2NADH
+ 2H+ + 2H2O

9
.

9
.

9
.

9
DH,

.


1.
.

:
+ 2Pi + 2ADP + 2H+
2 + 2 CO2 + 2ATP + 2H2O


2. ,
, 2
.

:
+ 2Pi + 2ADP
2 + 2ATP + 2H2O


,


-CoA,

, NADH




.

CoA + NAD+
CO2+ NADH
-CoA

O2

8 e-

2 CO2

ATP

-CoA

-CoA



.


-CoA .



:
1. CO2
,

CO2

2. .

Junction between
glycolysis and
Krebs cycle
conversion of
pyruvate to acetyl
coA

Pyruvate dehydrogenase
multi-enzyme complex
(60 subunits)

Fig. 9.18

2C mol. oxidized

acetate

CH3COO-

Glycolysis

Krebs
cycle

Hans Adolf Krebs

Fritz Albert Lipmann

Nobel 1953
-CoA

2 CO2

8 e-

,




.

-CoA
+

1.
-CoA , .
2. -CoA CO2,
GTP
NADH FADH2.
3.
, ,
, , ..

CoASH

-CoA

NADH + H+

NAD+
NAD+

L-

CO2

NADH + H+

-
NAD+

CO2

NADH + H+

Pi

-CoA

FADH2

GDP
FAD

CoASH

-CoA

O2

8 e-

2 CO2

ATP

NADH FADH2
2


.

 :
1.
,

.
: ,
- ,
NADH & FADH2 matrix
.
2. NADH 2,5 ,
FADH2 1,5.
3. ( )
.

4.
2


.
matrix

.

ADP


:

(NADH & FADH2)

.


ATP.



NADH
1. NADH-Q ( )
2. Q-cytochrome c
( )
3. cyt c ( V)

,
, ,
.

 FADH2
:
-Q ( )

Q-cytochrome c
( ) cyt c
( V),
NADH

 I, III, and IV
NADH
+
H
.

NADH-Q

-Q

,
Q

.
-Q

Q-cyt c

Cyt c


V.

Cyt c
cyt c

O2

FADH2

Matrix





.

H+
conc.
grad.

H+ pumped out
of matrix.



,
.

matrix
.
, F1

(33) .
F0

V. 10-14 c

.

NADH

CoA

CoQ

V
Cyt c




(
)


.

,
.


,
,
.

NAD+ NADH

3-


.
,
,

CoA. ,

-CoA,
:

E
CoA

-CoA

CoA-SH

-CoA

-CoA

-CoA

trans 2 -CoA

-CoA
L-3--CoA

-CoA

3--CoA

-CoA

 KAI


.

(, ),
.

,
,
, 4+.

4+
.

( ).

,
( ),
( ).


-
:
()
(
)
-

ADH + NH4+

AD+ + H2O

 NH3
,
,

.
,


,
Krebs
Henseleit 1932.

.
,
4+
CO2.

 :
CO2 + NH4+ + 3ATP + + 22
+ 2 ADP + 2 Pi + AMP + PPi +
To Pi ,

.

:

.

-CoA