Present Perfect

Este tempo verbal utilizado para expressar algo que aconteceu no passado, mas de alguma forma est ainda relacionado ao presente. A estrutura segue o modelo: pessoa + verbo auxiliar have/has + verbo principal no Past Participle. I have done my homework. He has done his homework. I have eaten my dinner. She has eaten her dinner. Para se ter uma melhor idia de como o Present Perfect se refere ao passado e ao presente ao mesmo tempo, podemos encontrar uma sentena similar no Simple Present na voz passiva, preservando o significado. My homework is done (now). His homework is done (now). Este tempo verbal pode tambm expressar conseqncias de eventos passados, no presente. I've had financial problems since I got fired. She has not called me since our last fight. Podemos utilizar o Present Perfect para expressar alguma ao que teve incio no passado e que est ainda em progresso at o presente momento. They have tried to learn Portuguese for months. He has taught Spanish at the University since 1994. Tambm podemos usar o Present Perfect para afirmar, negar ou perguntar a respeito de algum acontecimento passado relacionado ao presente momento. Have you ever been to Brazil? I haven't been to Brazil yet. She has been to Brazil many times.

We have never been to Brazil. Have they arrived yet? Importante: Observe que existem indicadores deste tempo verbal, que so: ever, never, lately, recently, since, for, yet. Since e for normalmente requerem este tempo verbal, ou tambm o Present Perfect Progressive. They have tried to learn Portuguese for months. => for indica um perodo de tempo. He has taught Spanish at the University since 1994. => since indica uma data especfica. Para formar sentenas no Present Perfect, usamos as seguintes regras: Afirmativa: pessoa + have/has + verbo principal no particpio. => to have + Past Participle I have been to China once. She has worked for that company for 6 years. We have made this same mistake many times. Negativa: Acrescente "not" depois do verbo auxiliar. Has not, Have not I have not seen this movie. She has not forgiven us since that day. Interrogativa: Inverta o sujeito e o verbo auxiliar. Where have you been since the morning? Have you ever done this kind of work?

Use of Present Perfect

puts emphasis on the result Example: She has written five letters. action that is still going on Example: School has not started yet. action that stopped recently Example: She has cooked dinner.

finished action that has an influence on the present Example: I have lost my key. action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking Example: I have never been to Australia. Signal Words of Present Perfect already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now