Slater 1 Running head: ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

Electronic Resources

Cayla A. Slater

Texas Womans University Summer 2011

Slater 2 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

Table of Contents Introduction.3 E-books & E-readers..5 E-journals..7 CDs & DVDS..10 Electronic Resource Management16 Copyright18 Go Green19 Budget.19 Conclusion.20 References21

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Electronic Resources Decades ago, people would walk into libraries and find themselves surrounded by books, magazines, journals, and a card catalog system. Today, we see computers, printers, fax machines, copiers, scanners, and other electronic resources right at our finger tips. Welcome to the digital age! Electronic resources have revolutionized the library world far beyond anyones wildest imagination. What are electronic resources? According to AACR2r, electronic resources consist of data (information representing numbers, text, graphics, images, maps, moving images, music, sounds, etc.), programs (instructions, etc., that process the data for use), or combinations of data and programs(AACR2r, 2005). When a person hears the term electronic resources, that person often thinks of computers, printers, and other office equipment. While that persons interpretation of the term would be correct, it is not limited to these unique inventions. Electronic resources now include the use of e-books with e-readers, e-journals, microforms, and electronic databases. People now have the option to decide which format they prefer: electronic or the printed word. Cataloging electronic resources is a very precise business. One must understand the order of things and also have a good understanding of the rules regarding capitalization and punctuation. When a librarian catalogs an item, the chief source of information must be used to detail the MARC record. According to the AACR2r, the chief source of information for electronic resources is the resource itself. When an electronic resource is being cataloged, the MARC record must enclose the general material designation in square brackets (AACR2r, 2005). 3

Slater 4 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES What are general material designators? Maine InfoNet describes general material designators as the medium in which a work is presented (Maine InfoNet, 2005). For example, a general material designator could be a map or a chart. On the next page, there is a list of general material designators.

MaineInfo, 2005. As shown above, the term, electronic resource, is considered a general material designator. Since the focus of this paper is on electronic resources, the MARC records used for examples will not only show electronic resource as the GMD, but we will also see two other terms sound recording and video recording. In addition to the general material designators, it is also important to be familiar with the tag numbers that are associated with our MARC records. Many library science students who have already taken a cataloging course are already familiar with tag numbers 010, 020, 040, 245, 246, 250, 260, 300, 490, 500, 504, 505, 520, 586, 600, 610, 650, 651 X00, X10, and X30. In the MARC records, we will examine additional tags that were not covered in the class course.

E-books & E-readers

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2011. New York Times. In the beginning, very few people seem to understand what e-books were or how they could be used. When libraries started introducing these products, the reviews from the patrons were mixed. Many younger patrons love them while older patrons were not always as enthusiastic about them. The Medical Science Library at Texas A&M University created a study and tested out these products on their students. The purpose of this study was to compare the use of both printed and electronic versions of the items provided. It was also noted that medical ebooks were great for short reads whereas the printed textbook was often preferred for longer periods of reading. Considering that medical books are not typically read cover-to-cover in a single session, the electronic format seems perfectly suited for searching and retrieving relevant sections of such resources (Ugaz, 2008, p. 146). The end of the study showed that greater preference was shown to the electronic formats than the printed versions (Ugaz, 2008, p. 146). This positive feedback resulted in encouraging Texas A&M to build more collections in electronic formats. How does one catalog the e-book? According to Robert Bothmann, the e-book should be cataloged using the work form for books. We often see our MARC records detailing the title of our books in the 245 tag. We would follow the same procedure for e-books. For example, the Library of Congress website has an electronic resource database. An e-book entitled Texas Fashion Collection was selected and the MARC record is posted below. As you can see, the 245 tag is the same as if you were cataloging a paperback book. The only difference is that we are

Slater 6 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES notified that this is an electronic resource by the subfield h and the parenthesis that detail what kind of medium this item is. 001 13837413 005 20091002135846.0 006 s|||||||||||| |2 007 cr ||||||||||| 008 050110m19959999txu|||||s|||||||| ||eng| cam3a 040 DLC|cDLC 050 00 GT505 245 00 Texas Fashion Collection|h[electronic resource]. 246 30 TFC 520 The Texas Fashion Collection is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the preservation and documentation of historically significant fashion. The collection is an educational resource for students, researchers, and the general public. The catalog provides access to garments in the collection. Keyword and advanced search are offered. 650 0 Clothing and dress|xHistory. 650 0 Fashion design|xHistory. 650 0 Clothing and dress|xConservation and restoration. 710 2 Texas Fashion Collection. 710 2 University of North Texas.|bSchool of Visual Arts. 856 40 |uhttp://web2.unt.edu/tfc_test/main/Index.htm 906 0|bcbc|corignew|d2|encip|f20|gy-gencompf 925 0 undetermined|xaccess level test/ACCESS 952 access level test 955 |ise38 2005-01-10|ese38 2005-01-10 955 2005615476 Perhaps you are asking yourself this question: What is $h for in the 245 tag? According to Marc 21 Format for Bibliographic Data, $h is a medium designator used in the title statement. In records formulated according to ISBD principles, the medium designator appears in lowercase letters and is enclosed within brackets. It follows the title proper (subfields $a, $n, $p) and precedes the remainder of the title ($b), subsequent titles (in items lacking a collective title), and/or statement(s) of responsibility ($c) (MARC 21 Format, 2001).

Slater 7 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES What about the 050 tag? This is the Library of Congress Call Number. We often see the call numbers on the front or on the bottom spine of a book. It starts with letters of the English alphabet and ends in numbers (Marc 21 Format, 2001). With regular books, one would utilize the 260 tag and catalog the publishing companys name, location, and the date it was published. However electronic books are not always cataloged this way. According to Nancy Olsen, catalogers are to remember that the chief source of information is the resource itself or information issued by the publisher, such as that from a publishers Web site, so there is no need to record the place or name of a publisher in square brackets (Olsen, 2008, p. 199). E-journals

1997-2011 American Society of Cytopathology. Despite the positive reviews from Texas A&M, not all patrons have shown their enthusiasm for the rapid technological advancements in the library field. According to Janet A. Crum, some patrons have been known to walk into a library to request an item without ever knowing if they should try to find it in an electronic format or a printed journal. Such a thing does not always occur to these patrons if they are older or simply unaccustomed to technology. The librarian is then left to find the item in the patrons desired format (Yu, 2009, p. 213). When e-journals first became common, libraries typically provided access to them in two ways: via static Web pages and the library catalog. Libraries created one or more Web pages which included links, holdings information, and notes on access. Electronic journals were incorporated into the library catalog, either by adding information about the online version to the bibliographic record for the print version or by creating a new bibliographic record for the online 7

Slater 8 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES version (Yu, 2009, p. 215). Now we have electronic databases such as PubMed, LexisNexis, ERICFirst, etc. to contain our electronic journals and articles. Cataloging the e-journals is just like cataloging a printed journal. An e-journal called Parenting. Early Years. was selected from the Library of Congress as an example. The 245 tag states its title, but also utilizes the h subfield with a pair of parenthesis noting that this is an electronic resource. 001 ssj0065299 003 WaSeSS 005 20101210090225.0 006 m||||||||d|||||||| 007 cr||n||||||||| 008 090114c20099999nyumn p s 0 a0eng ccas a 019 2009208739 022 |l1947-9883|y1947-9883 022 0 1947-9883|l1947-9883|y0890-247X|21 035 (WaSeSS)ssj0065299 035 (OCoLC)ocn298363815 037 |bParenting Group, 2 Park Ave., New York, NY 10016 040 OrAhW|cOrAhW|dOrAhW|dIDes|dDLC|dGU|dMPxCWM|dOCoLC|dWaSeSS 042 pcc|ansdp 050 14 HQ768 082 10 649|214 222 0 Parenting. Early years 245 00 Parenting.|pEarly years|h[electronic resource]. 246 30 Early years 260 New York :|bParenting Group,|cc2009310 Monthly (except combined Dec./Jan.) 362 0 Vol. 23, no. 1 (Feb. 2009)500 Title from cover. 500 Latest issue consulted: Vol. 23, no. 2 (Mar. 2009). 580 Companion to: Parenting. School years. 650 0 Child rearing|vPeriodicals. 650 0 Infants|xCare|vPeriodicals. 650 0 Toddlers|xCare|vPeriodicals. 650 0 Preschool children|xCare|vPeriodicals. 710 2 ProQuest Education Journals (Legacy Platform) 710 2 ProQuest Research Library (Legacy Platform) 780 01 |tParenting (San Francisco, Calif.)|x0890-247X|w(DLC)sf 93091156|w(OCoLC)14179299 8

Slater 9 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES 787 1 |tParenting. School years|x1947-1149|w(DLC) 2009208675 |w(OCoLC)298362582 850 DLC 853 20 |81|av.|bno.|u12|vr|i(year)|j(month)|wm|x02|yom01 856 40 |zSerials Solutions hosted URL|uhttp:// QB6TY5WX8S.search.serialssolutions.com/?V=1.0&L=QB6TY5WX8S &S=JCs&C=PAEAY&T=marc 863 41 |81.1|a23|b1|i2009|j02 952 CONSER neutral 985 SerialsSolutions 20101210 There are plenty of tags in this record that have not yet been identified. Let us start with the 022 tag. This is for the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN). We can find ISSNs on serial titles. Since this is an e-journal, we know that this is one of a series as journals can be published monthly, bimonthly, or seasonally (Marc 21 Format, 2001). Tag 035 exists for the purpose of identifying the system control number. When we think of system control number, we might think of the Library of Congress number or a similar system. This tag is actually meant to be a system control number outside of the Library of Congress (Marc 21 Format, 2001). Then there is tag 037 which is used to label the source of acquisition. It will identify the source as well as the location. There would be two subfields here. The first subfield would be the stock number itself if it exists. The second subfield would the source of the number (Marc 21 Format, 2001). Tag 042 is used to write down authentication codes. There can be more than one code. If you find more than one code, it means that it has been reviewed in a specific way. All codes are recorded in lowercase alphabetic characters (Marc 21 Format, 2001). Next we have tag 082. It is used to identify the Dewey Decimal Call number. These call numbers are provided by the Library of Congress or from editions of the Dewey Decimal Classification schedules. First indicators are used in this tag to describe the type of edition while 9

Slater 10 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES the second indicators are used to provide the source of call number. The subfields would contain information about classification numbers, call numbers, and edition numbers (Marc 21 Format, 2001). Another unusual tag is 222. It is used for the key title. This tag is assigned to all items that belong in a serial and contain ISSN numbers (Marc 21 Format, 2001). Tag 310 is used for current publication frequency. The date(s) of the current publication frequency is given when the beginning date of the current publication frequency is not the same as the beginning date of the publication. When an item has ceased publication, the current frequency date is closed but remains in field 310 (Marc 21 Format, 2001). Tag 362 is for dates of publication and/or sequential designation. According to www.itsmarc.com, dates to be used in this field are chronological designations that identify individual issues of the serial. The sequential designations are usually numeric but can be alphabetic as well (Marc 21 Format, 2001). Tag 580 is used for Linking Entry Complexity Note. To be more specific, Field 580 contains a note that expresses a complex relationship between the item described in the record and other items that cannot be adequately generated from the linking entry fields 760-787. (Marc 21 Format, 2001). CDs and DVDs

2007. @ Your Service Blog. Nancy Olsen stated that sometimes CDs and DVDs are simply labeled as bonus materials (Olsen, 2008, p.208). When cataloging, librarians should classify the item either as a 10

Slater 11 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES sound or video (Olsen, 2008, p. 208). Librarians would need to use MARC tags 006 or 007. The 245 tag in the MARC record below still uses the square brackets found in subfield h, but we do not see the term electronic resource. Instead we see sound recording. Here we will also see the 300 tag to identify the physical description of the item. 000 01762cjm a2200373Ka 4500 001 626919 005 20090220165017.0 007 sd fsngnnm--eu 008 050619p20021930ja mun i zxx d 028 02 |a OPK-2037 |b Opus Kura 035__ |a (OCoLC)ocm66380401 035__ |a 626919 040__ |a ZGJ |c ZGJ |d ZGJ |d IWU |d UtOrBLW 049__ |a IWUU 099__ |a CD 674 1001_ |a Beethoven, Ludwig van, |d 1770-1827. 240 10 |a Orchestra music. |k Selections 245 10 |a Beethoven |h [sound recording] / |c Wilhelm Furtw ngler. 246 1_ |i Title on container: |a Wilhelm Furtw ngler conducts Beethoven 260 __ |a Japan : |b Opus Kura, |c p2002. 300 __ |a 1 sound disc (ca. 48 min., 22 sec.): |b digital, stereo. ; |c 4 3/4 in. 500 __ |a Compact disc. 500 __ |a Liner notes in English and Japanese included on insert. 505 0_ |a Egmont Overture, op.84 (8 min., 31 sec.) -- Coriolan Overture, op.62 (8 min., 30 sec.) -- Symphony No.5 in c minor, op.67 (ca. 31 min., 12 sec.) . 511 0_ |a Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra (1st, 3rd works); Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra (2nd work); Wilhelm Furtw ngler, conductor. 518 __ |a " Egmont was recorded in 1930 ... Coriolan was recorded in Vienna in 1947 ... The Fifth Symphony was the first symphony Furtw ngler recorded and 1937 sound is still magnificent"--Insert in container. 650 _0 |a Symphonies. 650 _0 |a Overtures. 700 1_ |a Furtw ngler, Wilhelm, |d 1886-1954. |4 cnd 700 12 |a Beethoven, Ludwig van, |d 1770-1827. |t Symphonies. |n no. 5, op. 67, |r C minor. 700 12 |a Beethoven, Ludwig van, |d 1770-1827. |t Coriolan. 700 12 |a Beethoven, Ludwig van, |d 1770-1827. |t Egmont. |p Ouverture. 710 2_ |a Berliner Philharmoniker. |4 prf 11

Slater 12 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES 710 2_ |a Wiener Philharmoniker. |4 prf There are four tags that should be addressed here: 049, 099, 511, and 518. Field 049 represents the local holdings. Typically, it is used to designate locations (holding libraries), copies, and/or volumes of a bibliographic item owned by an OCLC participating institution (Marc 21 Format, 2001). Field 099 represents local call number use and local definition (Marc 21 Format, 2001). The 511 field is used to provide information about the participants, players, narrators, presenters, or performers (Marc 21 Format, 2001). In this case, the Berlin philharmonic orchestra would be listed as the performers. Field 518 details the dates and times that this event took place. Now that an example for a CD has been given, it would be good to find a MARC record of a video recording to better understand the difference between the two items on a record. The University of North Texas has a media library. A film about John Adams was found in this particular database. Here is the Marc record: LEADER 00000cgm 2200853Ka 4500 001 229455314 003 OCoLC 005 20080618114114.0 007 vd cvaizk 008 080530s2008 nyu143 g vleng d 020 1419868772 (set) 020 9781419868771 (set) 024 1 883929020065 028 42 1000038820|bHBO Video (set) 028 42 4000015383|bHBO Video (set) 028 42 2000003070|bHBO Video (disc) 035 (OCoLC)229455314 037 |bMidwest Tape|nhttp://www.midwesttapes.com 040 TEFMT|cTEFMT|dRCS|dINT 041 1 eng|aspa|beng|bfre|bspa|heng 043 n-us--049 INTA 099 DVD|a9007|av.1 245 00 John Adams.|nDisc one|h[videorecording] /|cHBO Films presents a Playtone production ; produced by David 12

Slater 13 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES Coatsworth, Steven Shareshian ; written by Kirk Ellis and Michelle Ashford ; directed by Tom Hooper. 246 3 John Adams 260 [New York, N.Y.] :|bHBO Video,|cc2008. 300 1 videodisc (ca. 143 min.) :|bsd., col. ;|c4 3/4 in. 500 Title from container and disc label. 500 Based on the book written by David McCullough. 500 Originally broadcast on HBO as a seven-part mini-series in 2008. 505 0 Part one: Join or die -- Part two: Independence. 508 Directors of photography, Tak Fujimoto, Danny Cohen ; editor, Melanie Oliver ; composers, Rob Lane, Joseph Vitarelli ; costume designer, Donna Zakowska ; production designer, Gemma Jackson. 511 1 Paul Giamatti, Laura Linney, Stephen Dillane, Danny Huston, David Morse, Sarah Polley, Tom Wilkinson, Clancy O'Connor, Rufus Sewell, Justin Theroux. 520 While our new nation was suffering attacks from both within and without, John Adams had a vision of a nation of liberty and justice for all. He guided his peers--General George Washington, Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson-in setting the values and agenda for a glorious, free America. Adams and his wife Abigail refined these ambitious democratic ideals, and their partnership became one of the most moving love stories in American history. 521 8 Rating: TV-14. 538 DVD, region 1, widescreen (16:9) presentation; Dolby Digital 5.1 surround, Dolby Digital 2.0 stereo. 540 This DVD is copy protected and may be played only on licensed devices. 546 English (5.1) or dubbed Spanish (2.0) dialogue, English, French or Spanish subtitles; closed-captioned. 586 8 Golden Globes, 2009: Best Actor in a Mini Series (Paul Giamatti); Best Actress in a Mini Series (Laura Linney); Best Supporting Actor in a Mini Series (Tom Wilkinson); 600 10 Adams, John,|d1735-1826|vDrama. 600 10 Adams, Abigail,|d1744-1818|vDrama. 600 10 McCullough, David G.|vFilm and video adaptations. 650 0 Founding Fathers of the United States|vDrama. 650 0 Presidents|zUnited States|vBiography|vDrama. 651 0 United States|xPolitics and government|y1775-1783|vDrama. 651 0 United States|xPolitics and government|y1783-1809|vDrama. 651 0 United States|xHistory|yRevolution, 1775-1783|vDrama. 655 0 Television mini-series. 655 0 Historical television programs. 655 0 Biographical television programs. 13

Slater 14 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES 655 0 Political television programs. 655 0 Television adaptations. 655 0 Television programs for the hearing impaired. 700 1 Coatsworth, David. 700 1 Shareshian, Steven. 700 1 Ellis, Kirk. 700 1 Ashford, Michelle. 700 1 Hooper, Tom. 700 1 Giamatti, Paul. 700 1 Linney, Laura. 700 1 Dillane, Stephen. 700 1 Huston, Danny,|d1962700 1 Morse, David,|d1953700 1 Polley, Sarah. 700 1 Wilkinson, Tom,|d1948700 1 O'Connor, Clancy. 700 1 Sewell, Rufus,|d1967700 1 Theroux, Justin. 700 1 McCullough, David G.|tJohn Adams. 710 2 HBO Films. 710 2 Playtone (Firm) 710 2 HBO Video (Firm) 710 2 Home Box Office (Firm) 740 02 Join or die. 740 02 Independence. 856 48 |zFaculty: Book this item for a class|uhttp:// mediabook.library.unt.edu/login.php?marc099=DVD 9007 v.1& marc245=John Adams, disc 1. 959 o4280015/$38.89 Deep Discount cc inv.#21013135 umezf 962 000:000:URL:b3430570:014198:0:0:0:0:0:0|tCover title|vn |uhttp://www.library.unt.edu/media/covers/dvd/dvd9007.jpg |ehttp://www.library.unt.edu/media/covers/dvdthumbnails/ dvd9007.jpg This was a pretty long Marc record. One of the differences that stand out here is that the subfield letters are not in heavy use here as they were in the previous MARC records. The 245 tag stated the title and noted that it was indeed a video recording in subfield h. The 260 tag provides information on the location of production, the name of the company, and the date it was filmed. The 300 tag describes it as a videodisc. Another significant difference that can be seen is that the 500 tag

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Slater 15 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES provides more information by explaining that this video recording was based on a book written by David G. McCullough and was also part of the HBO miniseries. Now let us focus on fields 024, 028, 041, 043, 049, 508, 521, 538, 540, 546, 586, and 655. The first tag is 024. It is considered to be a tag that contains a standard number or code published on an item which cannot be accommodated in another field (Marc 21 Format, 2001). Field 028 details the publisher number. This tag is used for video recordings, sound recordings, and other music type materials. Tag 041 is used to identify the language of the item. The MARC record above details three specific languages: English, French, and Spanish. Tag 043 details the geographic area code. In the Marc record above, we see that the geographic area code is the us (United States). Tag 508 details the creation or production credits. Since this item is a film, we can expect to see information about creators, producers, directors, etc. However, this does not include cast members. Information about cast members would be included in the 511 tag. Next we have the 521 tag. This is the target audience note. It rates the material to determine which audience this would suit. A good example would be a R rating. R-rated films are deemed inappropriate for audiences under age 18 due to sexual content, violence, and other inappropriate scenes. This particular MARC records rates the film as TV-14 so we know that this is appropriate for teenagers and adults. Here is the 538 tag. It is for system details. It tells us about the format of the film such as VHS, DVD or Blu-ray. It can also detail if the film is a widescreen or full-screen format. Information can also be found here about the sound systemsurround sound or stereo sound.

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Slater 16 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES Tag 540 is focused on copyright laws, film rights, etc. The MARC record above tells us that this DVD is copy protected and can only be played on licensed devices (Marc 21 Format, 2001). Patrons are also discouraged from copying materials as it is against the law. Tag 546 is a language note that describes the language of the materials being cataloged. DVDs often come in foreign subtitles or foreign language capabilities because the American population is so diverse. It also includes subtitles for the hearing-impaired. The next tag is 586. This is the awards tag. Many films will boast of awards such as best actor of the year or best supporting actress. It also includes awards such as Golden Globes, Oscar, Emmys, etc. Now we have tag 655. It is used to determine the genre of the item. We normally think of genre as drama, thriller, or fantasy. But in this MARC record, we see terms such as historical television programs and biographical television programs and political television programs. It simply lists the information to detail what kind of film it is. Electronic Resource Management Now that we have covered some of the electronic resources that libraries use and how it is cataloged, it would be ideal to focus on electronic resource management. Please note the image below provided by Mary Moore in her 2011 article entitled Keeping Current with Electronic Resources and Libraries. She wrote about the e-resource life cycle. It shows that

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Slater 17 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES there is a great deal of work involved in providing electronic resources to the public.

As shown by the image, librarians go through extensive work from acquiring and budgeting to evaluating and monitoring. Alexis Ackel shared some parts of her job description as the electronic resource librarian of UNT Health Science Center in Fort Worth, Texas. She is involved in trying to provide electronic resources for the faculty, students, and community patrons. The life cycle image reflects her duties very well. She is proactive in assessing the needs of the school and works to create a budget for those resources. Then she takes bids from vendors to find out how much she can get for the lowest cost. Next, the vendors write up a contract detailing what they will provide and what users can do. It will include information about ereserves, copyright issues, etc. It is not an easy job and it often involves good haggling skills. 17

Slater 18 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES When she is done taking bids and haggling with various vendors, she will forward her information on to the committee who decides what resources will be purchased for the library. After a decision has been made, she will finalize the agreements to start the process of providing access from the vendor to the students and faculty. There may be some troubleshooting issues or other technological kinks in the system that need to be ironed out, but it can usually be resolved by communicating the issues with the vendor or school IT department. Then she evaluates and monitors the services and encourages feedback from its users (Slater, 2011). What are some of the issues that librarians experience when working with electronic resources? There are many issues, but the top three that come to mind are copyright, the go green movement, and budget problems.

Copyright

2009. The Bluegrass Blog. Copyrighting is one of the biggest issues in the library field right now where electronic databases are concerned. Large vendors usually have a contract with the libraries that will dictate if they can or cannot place articles in e-reserves for student/patron usage. Many people, unfortunately, do not understand the importance of complying with copyright laws or choose to ignore them. Librarians constantly have to monitor peoples usage of databases to make sure that they do not exceed their boundaries. Alexis Ackel shared a story in which a professor was very frustrated with this change from printed journals to electronic journals. He took a document off 18

Slater 19 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES the database and made hundreds of copies for his students without checking with the librarian to see if this was allowed on the contract between vendors and libraries. The librarian somehow found out about it and checked the contract to make sure that this professor had not violated the agreement. After viewing the contract, she realized that the professor had made a grievous error. He violated copyright laws by making excessive copies without permission of the vendor or author. She said that this mistake could have been avoided if he had asked the librarian to put the article in e-reserve. Ackel went on to say that some contracts provided by the vendors are very specific about what you can or cannot do. Other vendors give you more leeway. This is why it is so important for librarians to understand copyright and to know their boundaries from the different vendors (Slater, 2011). Go Green! One particular movement going across the country is the push to go green. UNT Health Science Center in Fort Worth, Texas, is proud to report that they are transitioning themselves to become a fully electronic library. One of their librarians, Alexis Ackel, is very excited to see this change happening. Their second floor of the library used to contain thickly bound journals and books. About 90% of their printed works have been removed and plans are being made to convert the available space into a huge student study center equipped with computer stations and plug-ins for your laptop. They now carry electronic books, e-journals, and have equipped themselves with electronic databases to support the program curriculums offered to the students. When asked about the response to this major change, she reported that students absolutely love this. However, most of the faculty members are not supportive of this decision. Many faculty members are older and have not grown up surrounded by technological advancements like their

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Slater 20 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES students. However, faculty members are being assisted by librarians and student assistants to help them transition from the printed works to electronic formats (Slater, 2011). Budget

Copyright 2007-2011 Ignite Social Media. Due to budget issues in the early 90s, there were medical libraries that had stopped buying any but the most essential books in favor of journals. Likewise, more than five years ago, it became more common to hear opinion leaders in health sciences libraries state that they were moving toward all-electronic collections because these showed greater usage and were accessible all times of day, as well as in remote locations. This round-the-clock accessibility is crucial for health care providers (Moore, 2011, p. 13). Today, the American economy has affected communities everywhere. Budget cuts are still affecting libraries everywhere. This forces many librarians to choose what services continue and which ones get shelved. Some librarian positions are even terminated in order to keep services funded. Librarians are still trying to find effective ways to provide the most services at the lowest cost. Conclusion Libraries everywhere are becoming more reliant on electronic resources as the demand increases and the monetary funds become available. While some users may believe that the libraries will soon die out, I tend to believe that libraries will continue to adapt to the advancements of technology and may even thrive on it. It has been fascinating to watch libraries

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Slater 21 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES transition from a few computers and a card catalog filing system to several computer labs and electronic MARC records.

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Slater 22 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES References Anglo-American Cataloging Rules. (2005.) 2nd rev. http://desktop.loc.gov/template.htm;jsessionid=D67C3A163FE1091FF16A29E6844F207 7?view=main&h_action=clear. Accessed July 20, 2011. Bothmann, R. (2004). Cataloging Electronic Books. Library Resources & Technical Services, 48(1), 12-19. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Library of Congress. (n.d.) http://www.loc.gov. Information retrieved on July 10, 2011. Maine InfoNet. (2005.) How to Use General Materials Designators (GMDs). http://www.maine.gov/infonet/minerva/cataloging/howto/gmd.htm Accessed July 20, 2011. Marc 21 Format for Bibliographic Data. 2001. Tag List: Bibliographic. http://www.itsmarc.com/crs/bib1468.htm. Accessed July 20, 2011. Media Library. University of North Texas. Information retrieved on July 10, 2011. Moore, Mary. Keeping Current with Electronic Resources and Libraries. January 1, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=health_i nformatics_research. Information accessed on July 2, 2011. Olsen, Nancy B. Cataloging of Audiovisual Materials and Other Special Materials: A Manual Based on AACR2 and MARC 21. 5th ed. Westport, Connecticut: Libraries Unlimited, 2008. Slater, Cayla A. Personal interview with Alexis Ackel. 1 July, 2011.

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Slater 23 ELECTRONIC RESOURCES Ugaz, A. G., & Resnick, T. (2008). Assessing print and electronic use of reference/core medical textbooks. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 96(2), 145-147. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Yu, Holly, & Breivold, Scott. (2009). Electronic resource management in libraries. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(6), 1156. doi:10.1111/j.14678535.2009.01026_18.x.

Images

American Society of Cytopathology. 2011. www.cytopathology.org. Accessed July 18, 2011.

Bilton, Nick. March 24, 2010. New York Times. Ebook Sellers Face a Battle to Win iPad Customers. http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/24/e-book-sellers-face-a-battle-to-winipad-customers/. Accessed July 18, 2011.Ignite Social Media. 2011. www.ignitesocialmedia.com. Accessed July 18, 2011.

Maine InfoNet. (2005.) How to Use General Materials Designators (GMDs). http://www.maine.gov/infonet/minerva/cataloging/howto/gmd.htm Accessed July 20, 2011.

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