Channels are divided into three parts 1. Logical channel 2. Physical channel 3.

Transport Channel

Logical Channels:-are not actually the channels rather they can be define as a different task
performed by the network and the UE at different times. They describe the type of information to be transferred. Logical channels are categorized into control channels and traffic channels. Controls channels carry the control plane information. Traffic Channels carry the user plane information Control Channel (CCH) Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) Paging Control Channel (PCCH) Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) Common Control Channel (CCCH)

Traffic Channel (TCH)

Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH) Common Traffic Channel (CTCH)

Control Channel (CCH)

Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH): It broadcast system control information for all mobiles in a cell like Code values in the cell, neighbors information, allowed power levels in downlink direction. Paging Control Channel (PCCH): It transfers paging information in downlink direction. Network page the mobile to discover the UE location or UE in a cell connected state. Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH): When there is dedicated/active connection means RRC connection between the network and the mobile, the control information transferred using DCCH. Its an bidirectional channel. Common Control Channel (CCCH): Network may have certain tasks which are or may be common to UE in the cell. Its being used in both direction downlink & uplink. The CCCH is also used when US is accessing a new cell after cell reselection.

Traffic Channel (TCH)

Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH): It is used to transfer the user data between the network and the mobile in both uplink and downlink direction. Common Traffic Channel (CTCH): It is used the transfer the data from one point to all mobile or a specified group of mobiles.

Transport Channel:- Transport channels describes how the logical channels to be transferred .Transport channel is defined by how and with what characteristics data is transferred over the
interface. Located between MAC layer and Physical layer .Transport Channel is defined and divided according to the Transport Format Combination or Transport Format Combination Set .A Transport Format is defined by Encoding Mode, Interleaving, Bite Rate and the mapping Physical Channel; The Transport Format Set is a set of specific Transport Formats It comes into two groups: Dedicated Transport Channel DCH, Dedicated Channel

Common Transport

Channel BCH, Broadcast Channel FACH, Forward Access Channel PCH, Paging Channel RACH, Random Access Channel CPCH, Common Public Channel DSCH, Downlink Sharing Channel DCH, Dedicated Channel

Dedicated Transport Channels: Dedicated Channel (DCH): it is the channel used to send dedicated control and user data between UE and the networks in both uplink & downlink direction

Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH): It is a enhanced uplink transport channel. Common Transport Channel: Broadcast Channel (BCH): It broadcast system information in the downlink direction for all Forward Access Channel (FACH): It is a downlink common channel used to send small amount of Controls and user data Paging Channel (PCH): its downlink common channel used to send paging notification messages Common Packet Channel (CPCH): It is an uplink shared channel used for packet data. Several UE can use the same channel for data transfer. Random Access Channel (RACH): It is used to send control information from UE in the uplink direction. Also may carry short users packet. Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH): It is common channel used to send dedicated control and user data. Dedicated Channel (DCH)It is a channel that is used to send dedicated control and user data between the UE and the network in both direction

Physical Channel: In uplink and downlink direction, each slot in a radio frame defined with a code or a set of codes that carries a set of common and dedicated channels called Physical Channel.Physical channels are the transmission media providing platform (radio) through which information is going to be transferred. Physical Channels means different kinds of bandwidths allocated for different purposes, its actually is the physical existence of the Uu interface between UE domain and Access domain. Physical channel are defined by specific carrier freq, scrambling and channelization code A Physical Channel can be determined by Carrier Frequency, Coding (Channelized Code and Scrambling Code), and Phase. For a channel which adopts both scrambling coding and spreading coding, either scrambling code or spreading code is different, the channel is different. Most channels are consisted of Radio Frames and Slots, and each Radio Frame comprises 15 slots. The Physical Channel can be divided as UL Physical Channel and DL Physical Channel. Transport Channels DCH Physical Channels Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) RACH CPCH Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH)

Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) BCH FACH, PCH Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH) Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S- CCPCH) Synchronization Channel (SCH) DSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH) Access Preamble Acquisition Indicator Channel (AP-AICH) Page Indication Channel (PICH) CPCH Status Indicator Channel (CSICH) Collision-Detection/Channel-Assignment Indicator Channel (CD/CA-ICH)

CPICH (Common Pilot Channel)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Non-encoding Channel Divided as Primary Common Pilot Channel and Secondary Common Pilot Channel P-CPICH adopts fixed spreading factor and fixed bit rate 30kbit/s Each cell only has one P-CPICH, which adopts the primary scrambling code To assist UE to implement channel estimation for DL dedicated channel or common channel 6. P-CPICH is adopted in the measurement for handover, cell selection and cell reselection

SCH (Synchronized Channel)

1. Non-frequency spreading and non-scrambling Channel 2. Divided as Primary Synchronized Channel and Secondary Synchronized Channel 3. To be adopted in cell search, to provide chips synchronization, slot synchronization and frame synchronization 4. To accomplish slot synchronization via Primary Synchronized Code (PSC) of P-SCH 5. To accomplish frame synchronization and distinguish scrambling code group of a cell via SSCH

P-CCPCH (Primary Common Control Physical Channel)

1. To bear BCH 2. Fixed bit rate, Fixed Spreading Factor, adopting primary scrambling code

S-CCPCH (Secondary Common Control Physical Channel)

1. To bear FACH and PCH

PICH (Pilot Indication Channel)

1. To accompany with PCH borne by S-CCPCH 2. To assist PCH to accomplish paging

PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel)

1. 2. 3. 4. To bear RACH To transport Signaling: UE registration when power on, call initialization or Location update when moving cross the cells To transport low speed inconsecutive packet data

AICH (Access Indication Channel)

1. Corresponding to RACH 2. To indicate the forward sequences of RACH for the Base Station

UL DPCCH/DL DPDCH

DPDCH Pilot Npilot bits

Data Ndata bits TFCI NTFCI bits FBI NFBI bits TPC NTPC bits

DPCCH

Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..6)

Slot #0

Slot #1

Slot #i 1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms

Slot #14

DL DPCCH/DPDCH

DPDCH Data1 Ndata1 bits

DPCCH TPC NTPC bits TFCI NTFCI bits

DPDCH Data2 Ndata2 bits

DPCCH Pilot Npilot bits

Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2 k bits (k=0..7)

Slot #0

Slot #1

Slot #i One radio frame, T f = 10 ms

Slot #14

DETAILS
P-CCPCH
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Fixed Rate (30kbpsSF=256) To bear BCH Vacancy of the first 256chips for each slot Only for PS domain May adopt STTD (Space time transmit diversity) transport diversity

256 chips (Tx OFF) Data 18 bits

Tslot = 2560 chips , 20 bits SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

Slot #0

Slot #1

Slot #i

Slot #14

SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

S-CCPCH
1. To bear FACH and PCH 2. Two Types of S-CCPCH: with TFCI and without TFCI. UTRAN determines if transport TFCI or not, and UE supports TFCI 3. The available transport rate is the same as DL DPCH 4. SF =256 - 4. 5. FACH and PCH may be mapped into the same or different S-CCPCH. If they are mapped into a same S-CCPCH, they can be mapped in a same frame.

TFCI NTFCI bits

Data Ndata bits Tslot = 2560 chips, 20*2k bits (k=0..6)

Pilot Npilot bits

Slot #0

Slot #1

Slot #i 1 radio frame: Tf = 10 ms

Slot #14

SCH 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. SCH is adopt in cell selection Divided as P-SCH and S-SCH. SCH occupies the first 256 chips The Primary Synchronized Code (PSC) is transported repeatedly in each slot. The Secondary Synchronized Code (SSC) appoints the scrambling code group of a cell SSC can select among 16 the scrambling code groups and each one is 256 chips in size. There are 64 groups, which stand for 64 scrambling code group
Slot #0 Primary SCH Secondary SCH acp acsi,0 256 chips 2560 chips One 10 ms SCH radio frame acp acsi,1 Slot #1 acp acsi,14 Slot #14

P-RACH

Data Pilot Npilot bits

Data Ndata bits TFCI NTFCI bits

Control

Tslot = 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k=0..3)

Slot #0

Slot #1

Slot #i Message part radio frame TRACH = 10 ms

Slot #14

FRQUENCY BAND:-

Duplex Frequency : 2110-1920 = 190 MHz Bandwidth Carriers : 1980-1920 = 60 MHz : 60 / 5 = 12

Duplex Frequency : 2110-1920 = 190 MHz

Bandwidth Carriers

: 1980-1920 = 60 MHz : 60 / 5 = 12

UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (UARFCN) UARFCN formula (3GPP 25.101 and 25.104): UARFCN (Uplink/Downlink) = 5 *f (centre uplink/downlink MHZ)
0.0MHz <= (centre uplink/downlink) <=3276.6MHz UARFCN is integer 0 <= UARFCN <= 16383 Centre Frequency f center Consequence of UARFCN formula (see previous slide): i. F center must be set in steps of 0.2MHz (Channel Raster=200 kHz) ii. F center must terminate with an even number (e.g 1927.4 not 1927.5

Fcenter values
Uplink (1920Mhz-1980MHz) 1922.4MHz <= fcenter <= 1977.6MHz 9612 <= UARFCN Uplink <= 9888 Downlink (2110Mhz-2170MHz) 2112.4MHz <= fcenter <= 2167.6MHz 10562 <= UARFCN Downlink <= 10838

WCDMA

Separate users through different codes Large bandwidth Continuous transmission and reception Code planning - Frequency reuse is 1 No frequency planning Scrambling code planning 5 MHz carrier separation Fast Power Control Soft/Softer Handover Admission Control Congestion Control

Direct Sequence Spreading - Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA)

a. b. c. d. Separates users through different codes Codes are used for two purposes: Differentiate channels/users Spreading the data over the entire bandwidth

Spreading code = Channelization code + Scrambling code Scrambling codes (Repeat period 10 ms=38400 chips) Separates different mobiles (in uplink) Separates different cells (in downlink) Channelization codes Separates different channels that are transmitted on the same scrambling code Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) codes Period depends on data rate

Bits (In this drawing, 1 bit = 8 Chips SF=8)