1. Infinitive with to (ng t nguyn mu c to) 1.

1 Sau tc t ca ng t: Ex: The teacher told me to do this exercise advise (khuyn), allow, permit (cho php), ask (yu cu), invite (mi), tell (bo, k), order (ra lnh), 1.2 Sau mt s tnh t: able (c th), unable (khng th), happy (vui v), delighted (vui mng), easy (d), lovely (th v, hay), glad (vui), sorry (tic), anxious (nng lng), content (bng lng), afraid (s), eager (ho hc), amazed (ngc nhin), pleased (hi lng), disappointed (tht vng), surprised (ngc nhin), certain (chc chn), willing (sn lng), Ex: I am glad to know you are successful. (Ti vui khi bit bn thnh cng.) S be adj to V 1.3 Trong cu trc: S + be + too + adj + to V (qu nn khng th ) Ex: He is too old to run fast. (ng y qu gi nn khng th chy nhanh.) S be too adj to V 1.4 Sau mt s ng t: want (mun), expect (mong ch, k vng), refuse (t chi), hope (hy vng), decide (quyt nh), agree (ng ), plan (d nh), would like (mun), fail (tht bi, hng), learn (hc), afford (c kh nng/iu kin), manage (xoay s), demand (i hi, yu cu), prepare (chun b), promise (ha), wish (ao c), begin/start (bt u), mean (nh), Ex: They want to make friends with me. (H mun kt bn vi ti.) 1.5 Sau danh t hoc i t thay th cho mnh quan h (bt u bng who/whom/which/that): Ex: There is a lot of housework which I should do. ---> There is a lot of housework to do. (C nhiu vic nh cn lm.) Have you got anything that you can read? ---> Have you got anything to read? (Bn c g c khng?) 2. Infinitive without to (ng t nguyn mu khng c to) c dng: 2.1 Sau cc ng t: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, ought to, have to, would rather, had better Ex: He can speak three languages. (Anh ta c th ni ba th ting.) 2.2 Sau tc t ca ng t: Ex: I watched them get out of the car. (Ti thy h ra khi xe hi.) He made his daughter stay home. (ng ta bt buc con gi nh.) She let him go

V0 V:feel (cm thy), hear (nghe), see (gp), watch (thy), smell (ngi thy) make (bt buc), let ( cho) UNIT 2 4. Past perfect (Qu kh hon thnh) Th QKHT dng din t: 4.1 Mt hnh ng xy ra v hon tt trc mt thi im hoc mt hnh ng khc trong qu kh (hnh ng trc dng HAD + V3/ed, hnh ng sau dng V2/ed). Ex: Lucie had learned English before she came to England. (Lucie hc ting Anh trc khi c y n nc Anh.) 4.2 Mt hnh ng xy ra nhng cha hon thnh, tnh n mt thi im no trong qu kh. Ex: By the time I left that school, I had taught there for ten years UNIT 4 1. Gerund and present participle (Danh ng t v hin ti phn t) 1.1 Danh ng t: (V-ing) 1.1.1 Lm ch t cho ng t Ex: Singing is one of her hobbies. 1.1.2 Lm tc t cho ng t (V + V-ing) (xem thm mc 1.2, trang 6) Ex: She enjoys singing. 1.1.3 Lm tc t cho gii t (prep + V-ing) Ex: She is fond of singing. 1.2 Hin ti phn t: (V-ing) 1.2.1 Dng sau cc ng t ch gic quan: feel (cm thy), hear (nghe), see (gp), watch (thy), smell (ngi thy) (nhn mnh s tip din ca hnh ng). Ex: I saw him writing a letter. 1.2.2 Dng trong cu trc: S + V + O + V-ing catch (bt gp), find (nhn thy), spend (tiu xi, b ra), waste (lng ph), leave () Ex: She left him waiting outside. 1.2.3 Dng din t cc hnh ng k tip nhau (gn nhau v thi gian) ca cng ch t (hnh ng trc dng V-ing). Ex: Opening the drawer, she took out a book. 2. Perfect gerund and perfect participle (Danh ng t hon thnh v phn t hon thnh) 2.1 Perfect gerund (Having + V3/ed) - Xem li cch dng ca gerund (mc 1.1, trang 8)

- Khi ng t (cn thm ING) ch hnh ng xy ra trc hnh ng kia, dng Perfect gerund din t hnh ng trc. Ex: He was accused of having deserted his ship two months ago. (Anh ta b co buc b con tu cch y hai thng.) [Hnh ng b con tu din ra trc khi b co buc.] Khng c s khc bit ln khi ni He was accused of deserting his ship two months ago. 2.2 Perfect participle (Having + V3/ed) Khi hai hnh ng ca cng ch t xy ra trc sau trong qu kh, dng Having + V3/ed din t hnh ng trc (ko di hn hnh ng th hai). Ex: Having dug a hole in the road, they disappeared. (o mt l trn ng xong, h bin mt.) UNIT 5 Reported Speech with infinitive(s) (Cu tng thut vi to V) 1. Vi im cn nh v cu tng thut: Khi i sang cu tng thut, cn i ba yu t l ngi, th ca ng t v trng t ch thi gian v ni chn. 1.1 Ngi: (nht ch, nh tc, tam nguyn) - i ngi th NHT ph hp vi CH T trong mnh chnh. - i ngi th HAI ph hp vi TC T trong mnh chnh. - Ngi th BA khng i. 1.2 Th ca ng t: V1 ---> V2/ed V2 ---> had + V3/ed Can ---> could Will ---> Would shall ---> Should may ---> might must ---> had to 1.3 Trng t ch thi gian v ni chn: today ---> that day tonight ---> that night now ---> then ago ---> before next week ---> the week after the following week tomorrow ---> the day after the following day yesterday ---> the day before the previous day

last week this ---> that these ---> those here ---> there

---> the week before the previous week

Ex1: He said to me, I and you will go with her father tomorrow. ---> He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following day. Ex2: She said to me, I met your brother yesterday. ---> She told me (that) she had met my brother the day before. * LU : ng t tng thut thay i ty ngha ca cu. Mt s ng t tng thut ph bin l: tell (bo), ask (yu cu, hi), encourage (ng vin), want (mun), advise (khuyn), agree (ng ), invite (mi), remind (nhc nh), promise (ha), warn (cnh bo), 2. Cu tng thut vi to infinitive: 2.1 Cu mnh lnh gin tip khng nh: Ex: Remember to finish your exercise, Tom, the teacher said. ---> His teacher reminded Tom to finish his exercise. 2.2 Cu mnh lnh gin tip ph nh: Ex: They said, Dont talk in the class. ---> They told us not to talk in the class. 2.3 Mt s cu trc khc: a. ngh, li mi: Ex: He said, Would you like to go out for a drink? ---> He invited me to go out for a drink. b. Yu cu: Ex: She said, Can you lend me your book? ---> She asked me to lend her my book. c. Khuyn bo: Ex: You should study harder, my mother said. ---> My mother advised me to study harder. d. Ha hn: Ex: I will give you my book, he said. ---> He promised to give me his book. . UNIT 6 GRAMMAR Reported speech with gerund.

2. Cu tng thut vi gerund (V-ing): 2.1 Cm n, xin li: Ex1: It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much, Tom said to you. ---> Tom thanked me for helping him. Ex2: Im sorry Im late, Peter said. ---> Peter apologised for being late. 2.2 Chc mng: Ex: John said, I heard you received the scholarship. Congratulations! ---> John congratulated me on receiving the scholarship. 2.3 Cng quyt, khng khng: Ex: Ill help you with your physics exercise, Peter said to Susan. ---> Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercise. 2.4 Cnh bo, ngn cn: Ex1: Dont go out alone at night, I said to Linda. ---> I warned Linda agaisnt going out alone at night. Ex2: Sit here. I cant let you stand all the time, Mary said to me. ---> Mary prevented me from standing all the time. 2.5 Chp nhn hoc ph nhn: Ex1: We stole his money, they said. ---> They admitted stealing his money. Ex2: I didnt steal his money, she said. ---> She denied stealing his money. 2.6 ngh: Ex: Lets go out for a drink, Susan said. ---> Susan suggested going out for a drink. 2.7 T co, buc ti: Ex: You took some of my money, he said. ---> He accused me of taking some of his money. 2.8 M c: Ex: I want to pass the exam with flying colours, John said. ---> John dreamed of passing the exam with flying colours. UNIT 7 1. Conditional types 1, 2 and 3: (Cu iu kin loi 1, 2 v 3) 1.1 Loi mt: Din t iu kin C TH XY RA hin ti hoc tng lai. Ex: If it rains heavily, I will stay at home. (Nu tri ma ln th ti s nh.) 1.2 Loi hai: Din t iu kin KHNG TH XY RA hin ti hoc tng lai. Ex1: If I had enough money, I would buy a new bicycle.

(Nu ti c tin th ti s mua mt chic xe p mi) (Hin ti ti khng c tin.) Ex2: If I were a bird, I would fly everywhere. (Nu ti l chim, ti s bay khp ni.) (Ti khng th l chim.) 1.3 Loi ba: Din t iu kin KHNG TH XY RA qu kh. Ex: If John had studied harder, he wouldnt have failed his exam. IF CLAUSE V1(s/es) V2/ed/WERE had +V3/ed MAIN CLUSE will/can/may + V would/could/should + V would/could/should..........have + V3/ed

2. Conditional in reported speech: (Cu iu kin trong li ni gin tip) 2.1 Cu iu kin loi 1 chuyn sang loi 2: Ex: He said, If it rains heavily, I will stay at home. ---> He said (that) if it rained heavily, he would stay at home. 2.2 Cu iu kin loi 2 v 3: khng i ng t Ex1: She said, If I had enough money, I would buy a new bicycle. ---> She said (that) if she had enough money, she would buy a new bicycle. Ex2: The teacher said, If John had studied harder, he wouldnt have failed his exam. ---> The teacher said (that) if John had studied harder, he wouldnt have failed his exam. * LU : Khi chuyn mt cu hi t trc tip sang gin tip, cc em cn ch (1) v tr ca ch t v ng t v (2) khng cn du chm hi. Ex: She asked me, What would he do if he were a king? ---> She asked me what he would do if he were a king. UNIT 8 Cc i t ONE, ONES, SOMEONE, NO ONE, ANYONE, EVERYONE 1. ONE v ONES: ONE dng thay th mt danh t m c s t (trnh lp t). Ex: This watch doesnt work any more. Im going to buy a new one. (Ci ng h ny khng cn chy na. Ti sp mua ci mi.) ONES l hnh thc s nhiu ca ONE. Ex: These watches dont work ant more. Im going to buy new ones. 2. SOMEONE, ANYONE, NO ONE v EVERYONE: Someone (ai ), anyone (bt c ai), no one (khng ai) v everyone (mi ngi) dng vi ng t ngi th ba s t. Someone v everyone dng trong cu khng nh. Anyone dng trong cu

hi v ph nh. Sau no one dng ng t th khng nh. Ex: Someone is following me. (Ai ang theo sau ti.) Everyone has gone home. (Mi ngi v nh.) Can anyone answer this question? (C ai c th tr li cu hi ny khng?) I cant see anyone here. (Ti khng th thy bt c ai y.) No one can answer this question. * LU : - Someone = somebody, everyone = everybody - C th dng everyone trong cu hi. Khi ngi hi mun cp n tt c mi ngi. Ex: Its a little noisy here. Can everyone hear well UNIT 9 Defining relative clauses (mnh quan h xc nh) v non-defining relative clauses (mnh quan h khng xc nh). Hai loi mnh ny (trong phm vi bi hc) bt u bng WHO, WHOM, WHICH, v WHOSE v c t ngay sau danh t n ph ngha. 1) DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Mnh quan h xc nh khng th b i v nu khng c n, cu s khng r ngha. Cc em hy xem v d mu v lm tng t vi cc v d cn li. Xong, th ly mnh quan h xc nh ra khi cu xem cu cn r ngha hay khng. Ex: a) The woman is my sister. She is standing over there. ---> The woman who is standing over there is my sister. (Ngi ph n ang ng ng kia l ch ca ti.) b) The man is my teacher. She saw him at the post office yesterday. ---> c) She works for a company. It produces cars. ---> * CH : (1) WHO, WHOM v WHICH c th c thay bng THAT (2) WHOM c th c thay bng WHO Tm tt cng thc:

DANH T CH T : WHO/THAT :( NGI) TC T : WHO(M)/THAT S HU : WHOSE Vy: WHICH/THAT S HU: WHOSE

2) NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES Mnh ny c th c lc b (khi cu vn cn r ngha) v thng c tch khi mnh chnh bng du phy ,. Ta dng mnh quan h khng hn nh khi: - Trc danh t quan h c: this/that/these/those/my/her/his/ - T quan h l tn ring hoc danh t ring. Ex: My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old. Mr Brown is a very nice teacher. We studied English with him. ---> * CH : KHNG dng THAT trong mnh ny. Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher. UNIT 10 GRAMMAR Cc em hy cng cc bn vit ra mt s prepositions (gii t). Hy xem v d (1) di y v c gng ch ra s khc nhau gia (a) v (b) sau , hy t lm v d (2). Cui cng t rt ra cho mnh cc bc kt hp cu. Ex: (1) The man is my uncle. You talked to him yesterday. ---> (a) The man who(m) you talked to yesterday is my uncle. ---> (b) The man to whom you talked yesterday is my uncle. (2) The house is very big. He was born in it. ---> (a) ---> (b) * CH : CH dng WHOM hoc WHICH sau gii t. ---> My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS WITH PREPOSITIONS

UNIT 11 Relative clauses replaced by participles and to infinitives (Mnh quan h c thay bng phn t v ng t nguyn mu c TO) Trc tin, cc em cn bit: (1) hai loi participles l (a) present participles: hin ti phn t (dng thm ing ca ng t, nh eating, speaking, writing, ) v (b) past participles: qu kh phn t (dng V3/ed ca ng t, nh written, done, published, ) (2) cc t ch th t (nh the first, the second, the last, .. ) v (3) to infinitives: ng t nguyn mu c TO (nh to write, to drink, to be, ). By gi, cc em hy quan st cc v d di y v cng vi cc bn ch ra ba ni dung cn ghi nh t cc v d (b). Ex1: (a) The man who spoke to John is my brother. (b) The man speaking to John is my brother.

Ex2: (a) Do you know the lady that is drinking coffee over there? (b) Do you know the lady drinking coffee over there? Ex3: (a) Do you Kieus Story which was written by Nguyen Du? (b) Do you Kieus Story written by Nguyen Du? Ex4: (a) Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space. (b) Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space. UNIT 12 Omission of relative pronouns (Lc b i t quan h) Hy xem cc v d di y v tr li cu hi: khi no c th lc b i t quan h (WHO(M), WHICH, THAT)? Ex1: I like the diamond ring. Mary is wearing it. S ---> (b) I like the diamond ring Mary is wearing. Ex2: The man is my teacher. She saw him at the post office yesterday. S V O UNIT 13 Cleft sentences (cu ch) Cu ch c dng nhn mnh mt thnh phn ca cu nh ch ng, tc t hay trng t 1. Nhn mnh ch t (Subject focus)a. a.It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who + V + O Ex: My brother collected these foreign stamps. It was my brother who collected these foreign stamps. b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + V + O Ex: Her absence at the party made me sad. It was her absence at the party that made me sad. 2. Nhn mnh tc t (Object focus) a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who(m) + S + V Ex: I met Daisy on the way to school. It was Daisy who(m) I met on the way to school. Note: Khi nhn mnh tc t ta c th dng who thay cho whom nhng khi nhn mnh ch t th khngdng whom thay cho who. b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + S + V Ex: My brother bought an old motorbike from our neighbor. It was an old motorbike that my brother bought from our neighbor. 3. Nhn mnh trng t (Adverbial focus) It + is / was + Adverbial phrase + that + S + V Ex: - We first met in December. It was in December that we first met.- Phan Thanh Gian was born in this village. It was in this village that Phan Thanh Gian was born. 4. Cu ch b ng (Cleft sentences in the passive) a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who + be + P.P Ex: Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers. It was that singer who was given a lot of flowers. V O ---> (a) I like the diamond ring which/that Mary is wearing.

b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + be + P.P Ex: People talk about this film. It is this film that is talked about.- Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers. It was a lot of flowers that were given to that singer. Rewrite the sentences to focus attention on the underlined information. Using structure it is / was ...that 2 1. She bought the car from Tom ................................................... 2 My secretary sent the bill to Mr. Harding yesterday .................................................................... 3 We are coming to stay with Jane this weekend .................................................................. 4 The president makes the important decisions ..................................................... 5 Im looking forward to physics exam ... 6. I lost my wallet somewhere in there. 7 I was born and grew up in the village .. 8. My teacher helped me a lot of with my study last semester ... 9. The headmaster gave Tam a bicycle as a scholarship ... 10.Your carelessness caused the accident CONJUNCTIONS (Lin t) Cc lin t cp i nh both and, not only but also, either or, neither nor c dng cu to cu trc song hnh. T, cm t hay mnh c ni lin bi nhng lin t ny lun c cng cutrc, chc nng hoc t loi. 1.both and (va va , c ln ) Ex: She is both intelligent and beautiful. (adjectives) Both his brother and his sister are students. (nouns) Note: Khi hai ch t c ni lin bi both and, ng t hnh thc s nhiu. 2. not only but also (khng nhng / ch m cn) Ex: He studies not only English but also French. (nouns) The film was not only boring but also long. (adjectives) She not only sings beautifully but also plays the piano well. 3. either or (hoc hoc) Ex: You either must work hard or will fail. (verbs) Either you or he is going to be on duty. (pronouns)

4. neither nor (khng cng khng) Ex: She likes neither tea nor coffee. (nouns) My father neither smokes nor drinks. (verbs) Note: - Khi hai ch t c ni bi not only but also, either or, neither nor, ng t ha hp vi ch tngay trc n.Ex: Not only his friends but also his brother gives him presents. - Khi not only but also ni lin hai mnh v ng u cu, chng ta phi o ng mnh th nht. Ex: Not only does he speak English but he also speaks French. - ng t trong cu c cp lin t neither nor lun dng khng nh Ex: My father neither smokes nor drinks. Exercise: 4. Both Son and Vinh like English. __________ of them likes literature. A. None A. sports A. regular A. are A. He A. either/or B him B. Neither B. activities B. popular B. is C. Either D. Both D. pleasures D. distinctive D. have 5. His recreations include golf, football and shooting. C. pastimes C. standard C. am C His D .her B. neither/nor C. either/both D. not only/but also 6. In Britain, the most common leisure activities are home-based. 5. Neither she nor I ________ responsible for that. It isnt our duty. 7. It is ___ that can speak 6 languages in our office . 8. My parents want me to study to behave well. 9. It is the event ____ a lot. A has been talked about C has talked about B that has been talked about d that has talked about

Combine each pair of sentences into one, using the conjunctions in brackets. 1. Shes at the office. Shes at the airport. (Either..............or) ......................................................................................................................... 2. Pauls at home. Pauls at the gym. (Either ....................or) .................................................................................................................... 3. Chris didnt have time to take a holiday. Sheila didnt have time to take a holiday.(neither....nor) ...................................................................................................................... 4. David doesnt play tennis. David doesnt play table-tennis. (Neither .........nor) ................................................................................................................... 5. Nams handsome. Nams intelligent. (Not only ................ butalso) ....................................................................................................................... 6. Mai plays the guitar well. Mai dances beautifully. (Not only ......... but also) ..................................................................................................................... 7. You can have fish for dinner. You can have chicken for dinner. (Both ............. and)

......................................................................................................................... 8. They came late. They left early. (Not only ................. but also) ............................................................................................................ UNIT 15 1) Could, was/were able to (c th, c kh nng) 1.1. Could: c dng ch kh nng ni chung hoc c php lm iu g trong qu kh. Ex1: My grandfather was very clever. He could speak five languages. (ng ti rt thng minh. ng c th ni nm th ting.) Ex2: We were totally free. We could do whatever we wanted. (Chng ta hon ton rnh ri. Chng ta c th lm nhng g mnh mun.) 1.2. Was/were able to: bn cnh ch kh nng COULD, cn c c dng ch kh nng xy ra mt tnh hung c th trong qu kh. Ex: A girl fell into the river, but fortunately we were able to rescue her. (Mt c gi t xung sng, nhng tht may mn chng ti c th cu c ta.) *CH : i vi cu ph nh, c th dng COULD NOT hoc WAS/WERE NOT ABLE TO. Ex: My father couldnt swim. (=My father wasnt able to swim.) UNIT 16

PASSIVE SENTENCES Change the following sentences into passive voice 1. They are sending him abroad on business. . 2. You must do your homework before class. 3. He has just sent me a greeting card. 4. Did people see the thieves run past the shop? 5. They dont let workers use the office phone for personal calls. ... 6. They say that she is the best singer in town. ....... 7. Nobody ha used this room for ages. . 8. You must clean the wall before you paint it. .

9. Dont speak until someone asks you. . 10. Tom broke the chair and the teacher punished him severely 11. Previous climber had cut steps in the ice. 12. Somebody had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit. .. 13. You use this room only on special occasions. .. 14. The judge gave him two weeks in which to pay the fine. 15. No one can do anything unless someone gives us more information. 16. The organizer will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month. ... 17. Someone has already told him to report for duty at six. 18. A jellyfish stung her .. 19. Who wrote it? .. 20. The author has a written a special edition for children. . 21. They make these artificial flowers of silk. .. 22. Students are doing a lot of the work 23. They gave her a clock. . 24. People must not leave bicycles in the hall. 25. We will not admit children under sixteen. . 26. The Minister is to give a speech tomorrow. . 27. Some one should have cleaned the windows yesterday. . . 28. They have been building the bridge for 2 month. ..

29. Someone had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit. 30. The manager should sign these contracts today. 31. They cant make tea with cold water. 32. The chief engineer was instructing all the works of the plant. 33. Somebody has taken some of my books away. .. 34. They will hold the meeting before May Day. 35. They have to repair the engine of the car. .. 36. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures. .. 37. People send a lot of money. . 38. The teacher is going to tell a story. . 39. Marry is cutting the cake with a sharp knife. .. 40. The children looked at the women with a red hat. People (they) say(said) that +S + V+O It is/was said that + S+V+O S+am/is/are said to V hoac to have V3