Samantha Perez P-7 Oct/1/2013

Beverage Lab Report

Background Before this lab I already had an idea of what mass, density and volume was. Mass is the quantity of matter that an object has. Density, mass per volume. And volume measures the size of a body using measurements. This information was on a worksheet the class needed to read. To find the volume in these drinks we can pour it into the graduated cylinder and look at the bottom of the meniscus. Density can be calculated by using: D= M/V Can a liquids density be used to calculate how much sugar is in the solutions & what causes the density?

Hypothesis If I measure all the liquids and observe the mass, density and volume, then will I discover how much sugar is in each

Procedure Materials: balance small beaker, 5 sugar solutions graduated cylinder, 4 beverages plus unknown Before Graphing 1. Find the density of all the solutions given (0%-20%). After Graphing

Post-Lab Calculations and Analysis 1. Plot density versus concentration for the five reference solutions on a graph. The concentration is the independent variable (x-axis) and the density is the dependent variable (y-axis). Use a ruler to draw the best-fit straight line through the data points. 2. Use the graph to estimate the unknown sugar concentrations in the first beverage. To do this, locate the point on the y-axis that corresponds to the density value of the beverage. Follow the point on the y-axis across horizontally to where it meets the best fit straight line through the data. Now read down vertically from this point on the best fit line to the x-axis. The point where this vertical line meets the x-axis equals the percent concentration of sugar in the beverage solution. Construct a Results Table and record the density of the beverage and the estimated percent sugar concentration. 3. Repeat step 2 to determine the percent sugar concentration of the second beverage. Record all information in your Results Table. 4. Calculate the actual or accepted value of the sugar concentration in weight percent for each beverage, using the nutrition label information and the measured density value. Hint: See Pre-Lab Question #3 for how to do this calculation. Record both the nutrition label information and the actual percent sugar concentration in your Results Table. 5. Use the following equation to calculate the percent error in our experimental determination of the sugar content in each beverage. Enter the percent error in the Results Table. 6. What was your measured density for pure water (0% sugar solution)? The density of water is usually quoted as 1.0 g/mL, but the precise value is for 4 C. Comment on why your measured density might be higher or lower than 1.00 g/mL.
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7. This lab looks at the relationship between the density of a beverage and its sugar content. What assumption is made concerning the other ingredients in the beverage and their effect on the density of the solution? Do you think this is a valid assumption? Explain 8. When plotting data such as that obtained in this experiment, why is it not appropriate to connect the dots? If you were to repeat the lab, do you think you would get exactly the same results? Comment on the sources of error in this experiment and their likely effect on the results.

Results Purpose: To construct a graph of sugar content versus density for 5 sugar solutions. To determine the sugar content of 4 beverages and an unknown using graphical analysis. Safety: goggles, glass breakage, spills Data Table A: Density of Reference Solutions Solution 0% Sugar 5% Sugar 10% Sugar 15% Sugar 20% Sugar Mass, g Sample Volume, mL 9.46 10.00 9.71 10.00 9.97 10.00 10.43 10.00 10.60 10.00 Density, g/mL .944g/ml .971g/ml .997g/ml 1.043g/ml 1.064g/ml

Data Table B: Beverage Densities Beverage Pepsi Diet Pepsi Mass, g Sample Volume, mL Density, g/mL 10.14 10.00 1.014g/ml 9.85 10.00 .985g/ml

Apple Juice Poweraid

10.07 10.18

10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00

1.007g/ml .995g/ml 1.095g/ml 1.016g/ml

9.97 Lemonaid Unknown _____ 10.16 Results Table: Beverage Powerade Diet Pepsi Apple Juice Pepsi Lemonade Experimental % sugar 5.77% 0% 11.12% 11.4% 13%

Post-Lab: Results Table Percent Amount sugar Percent sugar of sugar (calculated Percent (experimental) (Nutrition from error label) Nutrition label) 9.5% 21g 21g/350ml 5.8% 6.5% 0g 0g/355ml 0% 27g 127/240ml 7.5% 10.5% 11.5% 8% 41g 31g 41/355ml 31g/24ml 11.3% 12.9%

Beverage

Measured density, g/mL 1.019g/m .98g/ml 1.007g/ml .995g/ml 1.019g/ml

Powerade Diet pepsi Apple Juice pepsi Lemonade Analysis

Once I finished my lab, it was clear that my hypothesis was correct. This was proved when I measured all of the liquids & then calculated the density, mass and volume (D=M/V) The percentage of sugar was revealed in the calibration curve. I thought this was a interesting lab to know how much sugar was in each drink & how much you are consuming. What I learned from this lab was

calculating density & later applying the percentages on a graph. A error that I made was not being exact with the number at the bottom of the meniscus so I could have counted wrong. Something that I would like to further study is to cpmpare the same types of foods or