Grammar Theory Indirect Speech - Created by L nh Thnh

INDIRECT SPEECH
I. IMPERATIVES
1. Affirmative Imperatives
Eg:
- She asks him: Lend me the books!
She asks him to lend her the books.
- They told us: Be careful!
They told us to be careful.
2. Negative Imperatives
Eg:
- Mai asks her friends: Dont wait for me!
Mai asks her friends not to wait for her.
HOW TO DO?
Khi i cu mnh sang gin tip, ta lm nh sau:
- B du ngoc kp v please (nu c)
- Nu cu trc tip l cu mnh lnh khng nh th phi thm to trc ng t nguyn mu.
- Nu cu trc tip l cu mnh lnh ph nh th phi thm not to trc ng t nguyn mu
-

Thay i i t nhn xng, tnh t s hu,... cho thch hp.

II. STATEMENTS
HOW TO DO?
Khi ng t chnh th hin ti v tng lai
Trong trng hp ny, khi i sang cu gin tip, th ca cu trc tip KHNG THAY I.
Khi ng t chnh th qu kh
Trong trng hp ny, khi i sang cu gin tip, th ca cu trc tip LI V QU KH
MT BC.
Eg:
- She says: Im very tired.
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- They say to me: We will invite you to our house.
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- The said: We will see you at the cinema
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- She said to him: I will visit Dalat tomorrow
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- The man said: I saw your mother yesterday, Jane
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Grammar Theory Indirect Speech - Created by L nh Thnh

Ch : Khi ng t chnh th qu kh, th, mt s i t, trng t ch thi gian ca cu trc tip

s c bin i theo bng sau:
TENSES, PHRASES OF TIME AND PRONOUN IN INDIRECT SPEECH
TENSES
Simple present

Simple past

Present continuous

Past continuous

Present perfect

Past perfect

Present perfect continuous

Past perfect continuous

Simple past

Past perfect

Future

Future in the past (would + V)

Future continuous

Future continuous in the past

(will/shall be + Ving)

(would/should + be + Ving)
PHRASES OF TIME

Now

Then

Today

That day

Ago

Before

Tomorrow

The next day / the following day

The day after tomorrow

In two daystime

Yesterday

The day before / the previous day

The day before yesterday

Two days before

Next week / year

The following week / year

Last week / year

The previous week/ year

A week / year ago

A week / year before; The previous week / year

PRONOUN

This

That

These

Those

Here

There

III. QUESTIONS
1. Yes / No questions
Eg:
- She asks me: Are you hungry?
She asks me if / whether I am hungry.
- He asked them: Are you free today?
. ...................................................................................................................................
- The man asked: Have you seen my dog, Mary?

Grammar Theory Indirect Speech - Created by L nh Thnh

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2. Wh questions
Eg:
- She asks us: When did you go on holiday?
She asks us when we went on holiday.
- He asked me: Where does she live?
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- The man asked us: What will you do when you grow up?
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IV. CH
1. Khi cu trc tip l cu ni thng, nu ng t chnh l say to / said tell, told
2. Th ca cu trc tip vn khng i cho d ng t chnh th qu kh trong cc trng
hp sau:
a. Cu trc tip din t mt chn l:
- They said to me: Oil floats on water
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- She said that: Washington is the capital of the USA.
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b. Cu trc tip cc th qu kh hon thnh, qu kh hon thnh tip din, tng lai trong qu
kh (would, should)
- She said: I had doen my homework before 8 p.m yesterday
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c. Cu trc tip cha mt trong nhng cu trc sau:
Had better + V
Should / ought to + V
Would rather / would sooner + V
would / used to + V
Would like / prefer / love + to V

d.
-

could / might + V
He said: Id rather stay at home than go out tonight.
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They said to us: We used to live here 4 years ago.
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Cu iu kin loi II v loi III
He said: If I had enough money, I would buy this shirt.

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Grammar Theory Indirect Speech - Created by L nh Thnh

3. Khi cu trc tip c cha ng t must v ng t chnh th qu kh, khi chuyn

sang cu gin tip, must chuyn thnh had to
4. Khi cu trc tip c cha hai mnh thuc v hai dng cu khc nhau (cu trn thut v
cu hi), khi chuyn sang cu gin tip, mi mnh c bt u bng mt ng t gii
thiu khc nhau cho ph hp vi ngha.
- Peter said: You must walk faster. Are you tired, Mary?
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5. Khi cu trc tip l 2 cu ni thng tr ln (cu kp), khi chuyn sang cu gin tip, mi
mnh phi c bt u bng that.
- She said to her son: You are tired. You must go to bed for a rest.
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6.

Mt s ng t gii thiu theo cu trc

REPORTING VERBS
VERB + OBJECT + INFINITIVE
(advise, ask, beg, encourage, order, persuade, remind, warn)
Why dont you take up a new sport? She encouraged me to take up a new sport.
VERB + THAT + CLAUSE
(claim, admit, say, explain, promise)
I wont do it again She promised me that she wouldnt do it again.
VERB + OBJECT + (THAT) + CLAUSE
(tell, remind, warn)
Remember that you work for a big company He reminded us that we were working for a big company.
VERB + GERUND
(admit, deny, suggest, recommend)
I lied to the teacher She admitted lying to the teacher
VERB + PREPOSITION + GERUND
(accuse of, apologize for, blame for, congratulate on, insist on)
Im sorry to be so rude He apologized for being so rude
VERB + INFINITIVE
(agree, decide, offer, promise, refuse, threaten)
Lets meet again in September We agreed to meet again in September

7.

Cu trc vi ng t suggest
suggest that sb (should) do st

suggest V-ing
Why dont you go to Nha Trang in the summer, Lan? said Mai

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