Gram + (purple)

Branchi ng filament s

Aerobe,; acid fast Nocardia. Nocardia strict aerobic actinomycetes, partically acidfast. Found in soil. Causes pulmonary infections in those with decreased Tcells and cutaneous infections (mycetomas) after trauma in immunocompetent

Anaerobe; not acid fast Actinomyces. Actinomyces isralii anerobic actinomycetes, normal oral flora. Causes oral/facial abscesses that drain through sinus tracts, forms yellow sulfer granules. Treat w/ penicilin

Cocci

Rods

Catalase + Staph

Catalase Strep

Spore forming found in soil

Other Spore Formers

Nonspore forming G+ Rods

Hemolysis
Coagulase +
Staph Aureus

Coaglulase Staph Epidermidis (Novobiocin sensitive) alphapartial beta- full clear y - no hemolysis

Bacillus anthracis: only bacterium with polypeptide capsule(Dglutamate) : contact= black eschar(painless ulcer)-lethal & edema factors ; inhalation of spore = flue like , massive mediastinal lymph nodes. Woolsorters disease: spores from wool

Protien A virulence Exotoxinmediated: Scalded skin syndrome, rapid-onset food poisoning (preformed heatstable enterotoxin, potato salad), TSSdesquamating rash on palms and soles Invasive: Folliculitis, Carbuncles--> bacteremia,fever . , Endocarditis , nosocomial pneumonia elderly, osteomyelitis little boys, septic arthritis MRSA: use
Vancomycin

Bacillus cereus Food poisoning from Reheated fried rice, microwaving does not kill spores. Emetic type with rapid onset vomiting (preformed toxin = Cereulide) ; Diarrheal type with watery nonbloody w/in 818 hrs

Group D Enterococc us Strep Pneumo Capsule (+ quellung) Optochin sensitive Viridans strep- S. mutans no capsule Optochin resistant Group A Strep Pyogenes Bacitracin sensitive highly sens to Penicillin Group B Strep Agalactiae Bacitracin resistant Clostridium perfringens: release a-toxin lecithinase cause clostridial myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolyssis. characterized by tissue crepitus Clostridium Botulinum Botulinum is from bad bottles of food and honey causes flaccid paralysis. Preformed, heat-labile AB neurotoxininhibits ACh release at neuromuscular junction. Babies get Floppy Baby syndrome bc GI tract does not have normal flora to stop spore germination.

Listeria Monocytogenesoportunistic Facultative intracellular found in refrigerated unpasteurized milk/cheese, deli meats, vaginal transmission. Form actin rockets with tumbling motility. In Neonates: early-onset disease (granulomatosis infantiseptica) from transplacental trans = late miscarriage or birth complications. Late-onset disease transmitted during birth = menigitis/menigoencephal itis 2/3 wks later. Intrinsically resistant to cephalosporins.

"Lancet-shaped, diplococci, IgA protease Most common cause of: Meningitis (adults)--> Sepsis Otis media (children) Pneumonia (adults) Sinusitis

PyogenicPharyngitis, Cellulitis, Impetigo, ToxogenicScarlet fever (spares face)& Tss-like (pyrogenic exotoxin superantigen, Necrolizing fasciiitis Immunologicrheumatic fever - Mprotien (follows pharngitis) , Glomeruloneph ritis

Colonizes Vagina : causes pneumonia, meningitis, neonatal septicemia (sepsis) in Babies & UTI in pregnant Prophylactic Ampicillin

Clostridium tetani: tetanus toxin (protease) is tetanic paralysis - blocks glycine/GABA inhibitory neutransmitter release. Most ly in Jaw : risus sardonicus -- lockjaw

Coxiella burnetii Qfever via spore inhalation from cattle, dogs, sheep.

Corynebacterium diphtheriae- club shaped, black colonies on cystine-tellurite agar. ABCDEFG. Inhibits protein syntheis via Bprophage encoded ADPribosylation of EF-2. Symptoms include pseudomembranous pharyngitis with lymphadenopathy, myocarditis, arrhythmias. Metachomatic Granules.

Mycobacteria TB: Acid fast. See page 132 usmle.Mycobacteria Leprae. =glove and stocking loss of sensation.