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Atp Cycle
Atp Cycle
The chemical basis for the large freeenergy changes that accompany hydrolysis of ATP and other high-energy phosphate compounds
menghubungkan proses katabolisme dan anabolisme Sel heterotrop memperoleh energi bebas dari katabolisme nutrisi dan menggunakannya untuk membuat ATP dari ADP dan Pi
ATP
*ATP, ADP, dan P terdapat di dalam semua sel hidup *Berperan sebagai pemindah energi
Catabolism
1. 2. 3. 4.
ADP + Pi
O2 Fuels
Hidrolisis ATP
menghasilkan energi bebas yang besar dan negatif (G -30.5 kJ/mol); Yaitu ketika ATP dihidrolisis menjadi adenosine diphosphate (ADP) dan orthophosphate (Pi); Atau dihidrolisis menjadi adenosine monophosphate (AMP) dan pyrophosphate (PPi).
consist of adenine (blue), a ribose (black), and a tri-, di-, or monophosphate unit (red). The innermost phosphorus atom of ATP is designated P , the middle one P, and the outermost one P
High Phosphoryl Transfer Potential Compounds. These compounds have a higher phosphoryl transfer potential than that of ATP and can be used to phosphorylate ADP to form ATP
The phosphate compounds found in living organisms can be divided into two groups
Based on their standard free energies of hydrolysis: High-energy compounds have a G of hydrolysis more negative than 25 kJ/mol; low-energy compounds have a less negative G. Based on this criterion, ATP, with a G of hydrolysis of 30.5 kJ/mol (7.3 kcal/mol), is a high-energy compound; glucose 6-phosphate, with a G of hydrolysis of 13.8 kJ/mol (3.3 kcal/mol), is a low-energy compound.
The flow of phosphoryl groups, represented by P , from highenergy phosphoryl donors via ATP to acceptor molecules (such as glucose and glycerol) to form their lowenergy phosphate derivatives.
, from high-energy phosphoryl donors via ATP to acceptor molecules (such as glucose and glycerol) to form their low-energy phosphate derivatives. This flow of phosphoryl groups, catalyzed by enzymes called kinases, proceeds with an overall loss of free energy under intracellular conditions. Hydrolysis of low energy phosphate compounds releases Pi, which has an even lower phosphoryl group transfer potential.
Glukosa
3-phosphoglyceroyl phosphate
ATP
Phosphoenol pyruvate
ATP
Laktat