Integration by parts 421

Problem 2. Find
_
3t e
2t
dt .
Let u =3t , from which,
du
dt
=3, i.e. du =3dt and
let dv=e
2t
dt , from which, v=
_
e
2t
dt =
1
2
e
2t
Substituting into
_
u dv=uv
_
vdu gives:
_
3t e
2t
dt =(3t )
_
1
2
e
2t
_

_ _
1
2
e
2t
_
(3dt )
=
3
2
t e
2t

3
2
_
e
2t
dt
=
3
2
t e
2t

3
2
_
e
2t
2
_
+c
Hence
_
3t e
2t
dt =
3
2
e
2t
_
t
1
2
_
+c,
which may be checked by differentiating.
Problem 3. Evaluate
_

2
0
2 sin d.
Let u =2, from which,
du
d
=2, i.e. du =2d and let
dv=sin d, from which,
v =
_
sin d =cos
Substituting into
_
u dv=uv
_
vdu gives:
_
2 sin d =(2)(cos)
_
(cos)(2d)
=2 cos +2
_
cos d
=2 cos +2sin +c
Hence
_
2
0
2 sin d
= [2 cos +2sin]

2
0
=
_
2
_

2
_
cos

2
+2sin

2
_
[0 +2sin0]
= (0 +2) (0 +0) =2
sincecos

2
=0 and sin

2
=1
Problem 4. Evaluate
_
1
0
5xe
4x
dx, correct to
3 signicant gures.
Let u =5x, from which
du
dx
=5, i.e. du =5dx and
let dv=e
4x
dx, from which, v=
_
e
4x
dx =
1
4
e
4x
.
Substituting into
_
u dv=uv
_
vdu gives:
_
5xe
4x
dx =(5x)
_
e
4x
4
_

_ _
e
4x
4
_
(5dx)
=
5
4
xe
4x

5
4
_
e
4x
dx
=
5
4
xe
4x

5
4
_
e
4x
4
_
+c
=
5
4
e
4x
_
x
1
4
_
+c
Hence
_
1
0
5xe
4x
dx
=
_
5
4
e
4x
_
x
1
4
__
1
0
=
_
5
4
e
4
_
1
1
4
__

_
5
4
e
0
_
0
1
4
__
=
_
15
16
e
4
_

5
16
_
= 51.186 +0.313 =51.499 =51.5,
correct to 3 signicant gures
Problem 5. Determine
_
x
2
sinx dx.
Let u =x
2
, from which,
du
dx
=2x, i.e. du =2x dx, and
let dv=sinx dx, from which,
v =
_
sin x dx =cos x
Substituting into
_
u dv=uv
_
vdu gives:
_
x
2
sinx dx =(x
2
)(cos x)
_
(cos x)(2x dx)
=x
2
cos x +2
__
x cos x dx
_
422 Higher Engineering Mathematics
The integral,
_
x cos x dx, is not a standard integral
and it can only be determined by using the integration
by parts formula again.
From Problem 1,
_
x cos x dx =x sin x +cos x
Hence
_
x
2
sin x dx
= x
2
cos x +2{x sinx +cos x} +c
= x
2
cos x +2x sin x +2cos x +c
= (2x
2
)cosx+2xsinx+c
In general, if the algebraic term of a product is of power
n, then the integration by parts formula is applied n
times.
Now try the following exercise
Exercise 167 Further problems on
integration by parts
Determine the integrals in Problems 1 to 5 using
integration by parts.
1.
_
xe
2x
dx
__
e
2x
2
_
x
1
2
__
+c
_
2.
_
4x
e
3x
dx
_

4
3
e
3x
_
x +
1
3
_
+c
_
3.
_
x sinx dx [x cos x +sin x +c]
4.
_
5 cos2 d
_
5
2
_
sin2 +
1
2
cos2
_
+c
_
5.
_
3t
2
e
2t
dt
_
3
2
e
2t
_
t
2
t +
1
2
_
+c
_
Evaluate the integrals in Problems 6 to 9, correct
to 4 signicant gures.
6.
_
2
0
2xe
x
dx [16.78]
7.
_
4
0
x sin2x dx [0.2500]
8.
_

2
0
t
2
cost dt [0.4674]
9.
_
2
1
3x
2
e
x
2
dx [15.78]
43.3 Further worked problems on
integration by parts
Problem 6. Find
_
x lnx dx.
The logarithmic function is chosen as the u part.
Thus when u =ln x, then
du
dx
=
1
x
, i.e. du =
dx
x
Letting dv=x dx gives v=
_
x dx =
x
2
2
Substituting into
_
u dv=uv
_
vdu gives:
_
x lnx dx =(ln x)
_
x
2
2
_

_ _
x
2
2
_
dx
x
=
x
2
2
lnx
1
2
_
x dx
=
x
2
2
lnx
1
2
_
x
2
2
_
+c
Hence
_
x lnx dx =
x
2
2
_
lnx
1
2
_
+c or
x
2
4
(2lnx1) +c
Problem 7. Determine
_
ln x dx.
_
ln x dx is the same as
_
(1)ln x dx
Let u =ln x, from which,
du
dx
=
1
x
, i.e. du =
dx
x
and let dv=1dx, from which, v=
_
1dx =x
Substituting into
_
u dv=uv
_
vdu gives:
_
lnx dx =(ln x)(x)
_
x
dx
x
=x ln x
_
dx = x ln x x +c
Hence
_
lnxdx =x(lnx1) +c
Integration by parts 423
Problem 8. Evaluate
_
9
1

x lnx dx, correct to

3 signicant gures.
Let u =lnx, from which du =
dx
x
and let dv=

x dx =x
1
2 dx, from which,
v =
_
x
1
2 dx =
2
3
x
3
2
Substituting into
_
u dv=uv
_
vdu gives:
_

x lnx dx =(ln x)
_
2
3
x
3
2
_

_ _
2
3
x
3
2
__
dx
x
_
=
2
3
_
x
3
lnx
2
3
_
x
1
2
dx
=
2
3
_
x
3
lnx
2
3
_
2
3
x
3
2
_
+c
=
2
3
_
x
3
_
lnx
2
3
_
+c
Hence
_
9
1

x ln x dx
=
_
2
3
_
x
3
_
lnx
2
3
__
9
1
=
_
2
3

9
3
_
ln9
2
3
__

_
2
3

1
3
_
ln1
2
3
__
=
_
18
_
ln9
2
3
__

_
2
3
_
0
2
3
__
=27.550 +0.444 =27.994 =28.0,
correct to 3 signicant gures.
Problem 9. Find
_
e
ax
cosbx dx.
When integrating a product of an exponential and a sine
or cosine function it is immaterial which part is made
equal to u.
Let u =e
ax
, from which
du
dx
=ae
ax
,
i.e. du =ae
ax
dx and let dv=cosbx dx, from which,
v =
_
cosbx dx =
1
b
sinbx
Substituting into
_
u dv=uv
_
vdu gives:
_
e
ax
cosbx dx
=(e
ax
)
_
1
b
sinbx
_

_ _
1
b
sinbx
_
(ae
ax
dx)
=
1
b
e
ax
sinbx
a
b
__
e
ax
sinbx dx
_
(1)
_
e
ax
sinbx dx is nowdetermined separately using inte-
gration by parts again:
Let u =e
ax
then du =ae
ax
dx, and let dv=sinbx dx,
from which
v =
_
sinbx dx =
1
b
cosbx
Substituting into the integration by parts formula gives:
_
e
ax
sinbx dx =(e
ax
)
_

1
b
cosbx
_

_ _

1
b
cosbx
_
(ae
ax
dx)
=
1
b
e
ax
cosbx +
a
b
_
e
ax
cosbx dx
Substituting this result into equation (1) gives:
_
e
ax
cosbx dx =
1
b
e
ax
sinbx
a
b
_

1
b
e
ax
cosbx
+
a
b
_
e
ax
cosbx dx
_
=
1
b
e
ax
sinbx +
a
b
2
e
ax
cosbx

a
2
b
2
_
e
ax
cosbx dx
The integral on the far right of this equation is the same
as the integral on the left hand side and thus they may
be combined.
_
e
ax
cosbx dx +
a
2
b
2
_
e
ax
cosbx dx
=
1
b
e
ax
sinbx +
a
b
2
e
ax
cosbx
424 Higher Engineering Mathematics
i.e.
_
1 +
a
2
b
2
__
e
ax
cosbx dx
=
1
b
e
ax
sinbx +
a
b
2
e
ax
cosbx
i.e.
_
b
2
+a
2
b
2
__
e
ax
cosbx dx
=
e
ax
b
2
(bsinbx +a cos bx)
Hence
_
e
ax
cosbx dx
=
_
b
2
b
2
+a
2
__
e
ax
b
2
_
(bsin bx +a cosbx)
=
e
ax
a
2
+b
2
(bsinbx+acosbx) +c
Using a similar method to above, that is, integrating by
parts twice, the following result may be proved:
_
e
ax
sinbxdx
=
e
ax
a
2
+b
2
(asinbxbcosbx) +c (2)
Problem 10. Evaluate
_

4
0
e
t
sin2t dt , correct to
4 decimal places.
Comparing
_
e
t
sin2t dt with
_
e
ax
sinbx dx shows that
x =t , a =1 and b=2.
Hence, substituting into equation (2) gives:
_

4
0
e
t
sin2t dt
=
_
e
t
1
2
+2
2
(1sin2t 2cos2t )
_

4
0
=
_
e

4
5
_
sin2
_

4
_
2cos2
_

4
__
_

_
e
0
5
(sin0 2cos0)
_
=
_
e

4
5
(1 0)
_

_
1
5
(0 2)
_
=
e

4
5
+
2
5
=0.8387, correct to 4 decimal places.
Now try the following exercise
Exercise 168 Further problems on
integration by parts
Determine the integrals in Problems 1 to 5 using
integration by parts.
1.
_
2x
2
ln x dx
_
2
3
x
3
_
ln x
1
3
_
+c
_
2.
_
2ln3x dx [2x(ln 3x 1) +c]
3.
_
x
2
sin3x dx
_
cos3x
27
(2 9x
2
) +
2
9
x sin3x +c
_
4.
_
2e
5x
cos2x dx
_
2
29
e
5x
(2sin2x +5cos2x) +c
_
5.
_
2 sec
2
d [2[ tan ln(sec )] +c]
Evaluate the integrals in Problems 6 to 9, correct
to 4 signicant gures.
6.
_
2
1
x ln x dx [0.6363]
7.
_
1
0
2e
3x
sin2x dx [11.31]
8.
_
2
0
e
t
cos3t dt [1.543]
9.
_
4
1
_
x
3
lnx dx [12.78]