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New Methods of Textile Waste Water Treatment: Leture 37
New Methods of Textile Waste Water Treatment: Leture 37
New Methods of Textile Waste Water Treatment: Leture 37
Leture37
Atreatabilitystudyoftextilewastewaterbytraditionalmethodusingcoagulationbyadding polyelectrolytes ((12ppm)atpH(6.77.5)andprimarysedimentationfollowedbyaeration andfinalsettlinggaveagoodresults. CODdecreasedfrom1835to120ppm,SSdecreasedfrom960to120ppm andsulphate from1350to125ppm. InthefullscaletreatmentplantfiltrationisusedtoimprovedresultsbydecreasingCOD, from263to55andSSfrom295to10andSulphatefrom158to100ppm respectively
Theprimarytreatedwastewaterfromtheindustrialplantisgenerallydischargedintothepublic sewerwhereitismixedwithdomesticwastewater. Usingcoagulationandaerationwithsedimentationassecondaryorbiologicaltreatmentimproved theeffluentquality. Textilewastewatershaveimpurities,dissolvedcolloidalandsuspendedform,atfirstarecoagulated andprecipitatedtoproducemicroflocs bysimplyadjustingpH(6.77.5)orbyaddinginorganicor organiccoagulatingchemical. Lowmolecularweightnonionicpolyelectrolytes (12ppm)wereusedtoreducesludge productionwhentheimpuritiesareintheformofmicroflocs andothersuspendedsolids.The benchscalereactortankswasoperatedatHRTof6hourswithoutfiltration.
Textilewastewatertreatmentstudyhasbeensuccessfullyoperatedatmanytextilemills. The simpleaerobictreatmentincombinationwiththeuseoffiltrationresultedinasignificant Suspendedsolids,CODandcolor removal. Researchwasconductedonthedevelopmentofapplicablemethodoftextilewastewater treatmenttosatisfythevaluesofSS,BOD,COD,SO4 andPO4 removalefficiencyshowing76%, 84%,86%,92%and100%respectivelywithoutfiltration. RemovalefficiencyimprovedwithfiltrationforSS,BOD,CODandSO4 tobe98.3%,91.2%,95%and 92%respectively. Usingfiltrationisessentialtogettreatedtextilewastewatersatisfiespermissiblelimitstobe reused.
Therearemorethan100,000commerciallyavailabledyeexistandmorethan700000tonnes peryearareproducedannually(Pearceetal.,2003,McMullanetal.,2001). Wastewatercontainingdyesisverydifficulttotreat,sincethedyesarerecalcitrantorganic molecules,resistanttoaerobicdigestion,andarestabletolight. Asyntheticdyeinwastewatercannotbeefficientlydecolorizedbytraditionalmethods. Thisisbecauseofthehighcostanddisposalproblemsfortreatingdyewastewateratlarge scaleinthetextileandpaperindustries(Ghoreishi andHaghighi,2003). Thetechnologiesforcolourremovalcanbedividedintothreecategories:biological,chemical andphysical(Robinsonetal.,2001).Allofthemhaveadvantagesanddrawbacks.
Biological Methods
Biological treatment
However,theirapplicationisoftenrestrictedbecauseoftechnicalconstraint. Biologicaltreatmentrequiresalargelandareaandisconstrainedbysensitivitytowarddiurnal variationaswellastoxicityofsomechemicals,andlessflexibilityindesignandoperation. Further,biologicaltreatmentisincapableofobtainingsatisfactorycoloureliminationwithcurrent conventionalbiodegradationprocesses(Robinsonetal.,2001). Moreover,althoughmanyorganicmoleculesaredegraded,manyothersarerecalcitrantdueto theircomplexchemicalstructureandsyntheticorganicorigin(RaviKumaretal.,1998).In particular,duetotheirxenobiotic nature,azo dyesarenottotallydegraded.
Chemical methods
Chemicalmethodsincludecoagulationorflocculationcombinedwithflotationandfiltration, precipitationflocculationwithFe(II)/Ca(OH)2,electroflotation,electrokinetic coagulation, conventionaloxidationmethodsbyoxidizingagents(ozone),irradiationorelectrochemical processes. Thesechemicaltechniquesareoftenexpensive,andalthoughthedyesareremoved,accumulation ofconcentratedsludgecreatesadisposalproblem. Thereisalsothepossibilitythatasecondarypollutionproblemwillarisebecauseofexcessive chemicaluse.
Chemical Methods
Physical methods
Physical methods
Thisprocessprovidesanattractivealternativeforthetreatmentofcontaminatedwaters, especiallyifthesorbentisinexpensiveanddoesnotrequireanadditionalpretreatmentstep beforeitsapplication. Adsorptionisawellknownequilibriumseparationprocessandaneffectivemethodforwater decontaminationapplications(Dabrowski,2001). Adsorptionhasbeenfoundtobesuperiortoothertechniquesforwaterreuseintermsof initialcost,flexibilityandsimplicityofdesign,easeofoperationandinsensitivitytotoxic pollutants.Decolourisationisaresultoftwomechanisms:adsorptionandionexchange (Slokar andLeMarechal,1998),andisinfluencedbymanyphysiochemicalfactors,suchas, dye/sorbentinteraction,sorbentsurfacearea,particlesize,temperature,pH,andcontact time(Kumaretal.,1998).Adsorptionalsodoesnotresultintheformationofharmful substance.