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Lesson 12.1
Lesson 12.1
SEKOLAH MENENGAH SERI OMEGA, JOHOR BAHRU Subject : Chapter / Topic : Sub-Topic : Science 3.0 Biodiversity 3.1 Understanding variety of living organisms and their classification. ( Plants )
System of Classification of Plants 1. Plants too, like animals can be classified according to their common characteristics 2. Common characteristics of plants include propagation method, habitat and physical features. 3. Classification of plants by common characteristics:
Characteristics of plant Grow in water Grow on land Woody stem Shrub Flowering Non-Flowering Have seeds Have spores Net-Veined leaves Parallel-Veined leaves
Examples
Water lettuce, lemna, water lily, algae Banana tree, durian tree, angsana tree, orchid, maize Casuarinas tree, pine tree, angsana tree, rambutan tree. Crotons, rose, orchid, chilly, screw-pine. Maize, grass, wild grass, sunflower Fern, moss, algae Papaya, orchid, maize, watermelon, hibiscus Fern, moss Hibiscus tree, yam, sweet potato, African violet, rose Wild grass, sugar cane, maize, paddy
4. Plants can be classified into 2 main groups: a) Flowering plants b) Non-flowering plants 5. Flowering plants are classified into: a) Dicotyledon b) Monocotyledon 6. Non flowering plants are classified into: a) Algae b) Fungi c) Mosses d) Ferns e) Conifer
Non-flowering
Ferns
Fungi
Conifer
Flowering Plants 1. This type of plants produces flowers, seeds and fruits. The flowers normally become fruits. 2. This type of plant produces flowers for reproduction. ( Flowers are reproductive organs of flowering plants) 3. Flowering plants can be classified into: a) Dicotyledon b) Monocotyledon ; depending on the number of cotyledons in the seeds. 4. Cotyledon is the main seed leaf for the germination of the new seedings. 5. Cotyledons contains starch as food for the seeds that are unable to make their own food.
Monocotyledons
Dicotyledons
One Cotyledon
Example: Maize
Characteristics: Seed has one cotyledon fibrous root system, which consists of many roots of equal size. Leaves have parallel veins. Stem is non-woody and soft. Examples: wild grass, orchid plant, maize, sugar cane, palm trees, paddy.
Characteristics: Seed has two cotyledons Tap root system, which consists of small roots that branch out of one main root. Leaves have net veins Stem is woody and hard. Examples: rose tree, bougainvillea, angsana tree, balsam plant, guava tree.
Non Flowering Plants 1. Non flowering plants do not produce flowers, fruits and seeds. 2. These plants reproduces by spores or binary fission 3. Non flowering plants are classified into 5 groups: a) Algae b) Mosses c) Fungi d) Ferns e) Conifers 4. Algae, mosses and ferns have chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis
a. Algae
i.
ii. Chlorophyll: Present iii. Nutrition: make their own food ( carry out photosynthesis) iv. Method of reproduction: Binary fission v. Type of stem, leaf and root: Do not have real stem, leaves and roots vi. Examples: Spirogyra, Chlamydomonas, Seaweed
b. Mosses
i.
ii. Chlorophyll: Present iii. Nutrition: make their own food ( carry out photosynthesis) iv. Method of reproduction: produces spores v. Type of stem, leaf and root: Have leaves and stem but do not have real roots vi. Examples: Moss
c. Fungi
i.
ii. Chlorophyll: Absent iii. Nutrition: Get food from living things or dead organisms iv. Method of reproduction: Produce spores except for yeast which reproduces by budding v. Type of stem, leaf and root: Do not have real stem, leaves and roots vi. Examples: Mushrooms, Yeast and mould
d. Ferns
i.
ii. Chlorophyll: Present iii. Nutrition: make their own food ( carry out photosynthesis) iv. Method of reproduction: Binary fission v. Type of stem, leaf and root: Do not have real stem, leaves and roots
e. Conifers
i.
Habitat: Land
ii. Chlorophyll: Present iii. Nutrition: make their own food ( carry out photosynthesis) iv. Method of reproduction: Seeds that are not enclosed in a fruit, but rather are borne on cones v. Type of stem, leaf and root: Have true roots, stems and needle-like leaves. vi. Examples: Pines, cedar, firs, cypresses
cone
FLOWERING PLANTS
P: .. Diagram 1
Q: ..
(a) Label P and Q on Diagram 1 with the following words. Monocotyledons Dicotyledons
[2 marks]
(b) Which of the following are the characteristics of plants in Group P? Tick ( ) the correct answer. (i) Network veined leaves (ii) Fibrous roots (iii) Woody stems (iv) Seeds with one cotyledon [2 marks]
(c) Which of the following is an example of plant in Group Q? Circle the correct answer.
Fern
Balsam plant
Grass
[1 mark] (d) Name one example of plant in Group P. [1 mark] 2. Diagram 3 shows four different types of plants.
Balsam plant
Maize plant
Hibiscus plant
Paddy plant
Diagram 3
(a) Based on your observation in Diagram 3, state one characteristic of each plant. Balsam plant: ________________________________________________________ Maize plant: ________________________________________________________ Hibiscus plant: _______________________________________________________ Paddy plant: _________________________________________________________
[4 marks]
(b) Classify the plants in Diagram 3 into two groups based on their common characteristics. Give examples of plants belonging to each group.
Common characteristics
Names of plants
3. Which of the following is a non-flowering plant and has chlorophyll? A. Fern B. Mushroom C. Paddy Plant D. Mould 4. Which of the following animals are warm-blooded? A. Bat, pigeon, lion B. Tortoise, snake, frog C. Snake, bat, turtle D. Whale, snake, frog 5. Dicotyledons have A. a fibrous root system B. soft stems C. network-vein leaves D. seeds with one cotyledons 6. Ferns lodge on to tree trunks. Which of the following is a characteristic of the fern? A. Produces flower C. Does not have real roots B. Reproduces by binary fission D. Makes its own food through photosynthesis
7. The bark of a tree in front of Azruls house has organism living on it. These organisms carry out photosynthesis. Which of the following is the organism? A. Amoeba B. Fungus C. Mushroom D. Moss 8. Which of the following is a characteristic of Dicotyledon plant? A. Has fibrous roots C. Leaves with parallel veins B. Has woody stem D. Seeds have one cotyledon 9. Which of the following plants have leaves with the type of vein as shown above?
I. II. III.
A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III 10. Which of the following plants has the characteristics listed below? Woody stem Tap root system Leaf has network veins I. Balsam plants II. Jackfruit tree III. Rambutan tree A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III