Chapter 5 RG: The Integumentary System

1. Organs of the Integumentary system

Hair Skin Nails Sweat

glands Sebaceous glands

2. Epidermis vs. Dermis

Epidermis Dermis

Top layer Made of epithelial tissue No blood vessels

Under epidermis Made of connective tissue Blood vessels

3. Hypodermis
Layer

below the skin Functions: Stores fat (shock absorber and insulator), anchors skin to underlying tissue (muscle)

4-5
4.

Keratinocytes 5. 25-45 days produce and fill with keratin, die before reaching the surface.

6. Melanin
Made

by melanocytes Functions: give the skin color, protect from UV radiation.

7. Layers of Epidermis

8. Stratum Lucidum
Found

in thick skin.

9. Structures found in the Dermis

Nerve

fibers Blood and lymphatic vessels Hair follicles Sweat and oil glands

10. Function of Dermal Ridges

Increase

friction and enhance ability to grip objects.

11. Function of Collagen Fibers

Strength

and resiliency (prevents the skin from being pierced). Helps keep skin hydrated.

12. Function of Elastin Fibers

Stretch-recoil

properties of the skin.

13. Why Smoking Ages the Skin

Increases

enzyme that destroys

collagen.

14. How Botox Works

Blocks

nerves from stimulating muscles to contract (paralyze the muscles).

15. What is a Blister?

Separation

of the epidermis and dermis by a fluidfilled pocket.

16. Sun Damage

Elastin

fibers clump (leathery skin) Weakens immune system Alter DNA (causes cancer) Destroys folate (deficiency causes birth defects)

17. Cyanosis
Blue

appearance of skin due to low oxygen level in the blood.

18. Skin Color

Pallor:

anemia, low blood pressure Jaundice: yellow bile deposited in tissues, usually due to liver disease Bruises: clotted blood under skin.

19. Sweat Glands

Sweat Gland Location Eccrine Produces Function
Cool body Everywhere, lots Sweat in palms, soles, forehead Face, armpits, genital area canal Sweat Ear wax

Apocrine

Unknown Deter insects, block foreign material Food for babies

Ceruminous External ear

Mammary

Breasts

Milk

20. Sebaceous Glands

Produces

Sebum Functions: Soften and lubricates the hair and skin, prevents hair from becoming brittle, slows water loss from skin, kills bacteria.

21. Functions of Hair

On

body: sense insects on the skin On head: protect from physical trauma, heat loss, sunlight Eyelashes: protect eyes Nose hairs: filter large particles from the hair.

22. Hair Color

Blond

to black: amount of melanin Red: pigment trichosiderin Gray/white: lack of melanin

23. Hair Loss

High

fever Emotional trauma Surgery Drugs Lactation Low protein diet

24. Skin Functions

Protection: Chemical barriers: acid pH inhibits bacterial multiplication Sebum kills bacteria Melanin prevents UV damage Mechanical barriers: Continuity and keratin prevent entry into the body. Biological barriers: Macrophages attack anything that gets past the epidermis

24. (cont.)
Regulates

body temperature Dermal capillaries dilate to release heat, constrict to conserve heat. Sweat cools. Cutaneous sensation Meissners corpuscles: detect light touch Pacinian corpuscles: detect firm pressure

24. (cont.)
Metabolic

functions Synthesize vitamin D and some proteins Blood reservoir 5% of blood is in the skin. Dermal vessels constrict sending more blood to general circulation. Excretion Water, salt, nitrogenous wastes are lost in sweat.