Question Bank 1. What are the sources of water? 2. What is soft water & hard water? 3.

What are the impurities present in hard water? 4. How is hardness of water classified? 5. Distinguish between hard and soft water. 6. How is hardness of water expressed? 7. Why is CaCO3 chosen as a standard scale to compare the hardness? 8. Establish the relation between ppm and mg/liter. 9. Write in detail the experimental method of estimation of hardness by EDTA. 10. How is temporary or carbonate hardness removed? 11. What is the role of buffer in EDTA titration? 12. What is the principle of EDTA titration? 13. Alkalinity of water cannot be due to the simultaneous presence of OH-, CO32- and HCO3- . Give reason. 14. Write in detail the experimental method of estimation of alkalinity. 15. How is total hardness of a water sample determined? 16. What are the disadvantages of hard water in textile, sugar and paper industries? 17. What are the disadvantages of using hard water for steam generation? 18. Define boiler feed water. 19. Write notes on boiler corrosion and ways of preventing it. 20. What are boiler scales? 21. Explain caustic embrittlement. 22. Write notes on Priming & Foaming. 23. What is caustic embrittlement 24. What is sludge and scale? 25. Name the salts responsible for sludge and scale formation. 26. How can you avoid the formation of sludge in boiler 27. What are the disadvantages of sludge in the boilers 28. Differentiate scale and sludge. 29. What is the purpose of internal treatment of boiler feed water? 30. Mention the various internal conditioning methods of water. 31. What is calgon? What is its role in treatment of water? 32. Explain phosphate conditioning method. 33. Write briefly on carbonate treatment method 34. What is meant by an ion exchanger? 35. What are the advantages of ion exchange method 36. How will you regenerate the column in DM process 37. What is meant by external conditioning? 38. What are the different ways of carrying out external conditioning? 39. Write the reactions taking place in the ion exchanger. 40. What are the disadvantages of ion exchange process. 41. What is meant by reverse osmosis? 42. What is desalination? 43. List few methods for converting sea water into fresh water. VSG & KY Page 1 9/1/2010

44. What are the applications of RO process? 45. What are the advantages of RO process? 46. What is the difference between natural and reverse osmosis? 47. What are the requirements of water for municipal supply? 48. List the various methods of disinfection 49. Explain Break point chlorination. 50. Explain the treatment of municipal / potable water with the help of a flow chart.

University Questions

Bring out the meaning of calcium carbonate equivalence. Distinguish between carbonate and non carbonate hardness. Outline the principles underlying the demineralization of water. Mention any four methods of converting sea water into potable water Mention the requisites of water used for sugar and paper industries? Explain the importance of reverse osmosis List three methods of conditioning natural water for domestic uses? Define desalination? What is the hardness of water due to? What are the reasons for the formation of scales in boilers? What are its consequences? What is meant by sterilization of water? Describe the methods employed for sterilisation. What are boiler scales? Explain caustic embrittlement. What is meant by hardness of water? How is it classified? What are the requirements of water for textile industry? How is hardness of water identified (or) Give any two test to identify hardness Give a detailed account of the internal conditioning of water. How is hardness of water expressed? What is the purpose of internal treatment? Explain in detail the principle, working and the chemistry involved during the process of demineralization? What are the precautions to be adopted, advantages and limitations of the method? Define break point chlorination? What is super chlorination? Discuss in detail the principle and methods of treatment of river water. Define hard and soft water? What are the differences between soft and demineralised water? What are the requirements that has to be met before feeding water into the boiler? Write notes on boiler corrosion and ways of preventing it. Write notes on priming and foaming and their control methods Differentiate between scale and sludge. Give examples . Problems: i. Calculation of hardness with both theoretical data and experimental data ( EDTA method) VSG & KY Page 2 9/1/2010