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Workshop #4: Stennis Space Center January 7,2006
Workshop #4: Stennis Space Center January 7,2006
Introduction to Pneumatics
Overview
Methods of Power Transmission Pneumatics Systems Pneumatics Principles Parts Pneumatic Actuators Force Principles Solenoid Valves Advantages
Pneumatics
Electric Motors
Electric motors used in First kit Chipahua/CIM Motor Window Motor Van Door Motor Fisher-Price/Mabuchi Motor Globe Motor
Gears Belts
Chains
Bearings
Couplings
Pneumatics Systems
Pneumatics Definitions
Pneumatics is the general term used to describe the mechanics of gases Pneumatics, derived from the Greek word pneumatikos, meaning coming from the wind It is the branch of science which treats the mechanical properties of air and other elastic fluids used to do work
Pneumatic Principles
compressor solenoid valve
cylinder
hose
reservoir tank
Pneumatics
Compressor Accumulators
Source of Air Flow Driven by electric motor Provides the energy to perform the work Reservoir tank - Energy Storage Devices
Actuators
Cylinders convert energy in the compressed air pressure to linear power. Make things move
Linear Rotary
Pneumatics
Connectors tubing Pressure regulators
Valves
2-way 3-way 4-way
Pressure Switch
Signals the controller to start or stop the compressor
Common
Pressure In
NC
NO
Up to two Store compressed air at 120 psi Helps keep the pressure constant Smooth out the pressure fluctuation
Cylinders
Rotary Actuator
Flow Controls
Regulate flow of air into and out of a cylinder Used to control speed of a pneumatic cylinder If used, attach directly to cylinder (only one end needed)
Exhaust Valve
Use to release pressure
Fittings
Connection and Disconnection
Regulators
Regulators Control Pressure
Relieving type in the FIRST kit 2 are included The use of Regulators assures maximum efficiency
Allows air from reservoirs to flow to rest of pneumatic system Limits pressure in valves, cylinders to 60 psi
Pneumatic Actuators
Pneumatic Actuators applies force or creates motion through the use of a pneumatic system
Pneumatic Actuators
Use Pressurized Air to achieve motion Provide power and speed to any actuation system. Variety of Actuation mechanisms available
Arms Grippers Shifters
Arms
Grippers
Shifters
Actuators
Construction & Operation
Basic Construction
Operation
Compressed Air
is routed by the valve to extend or retract the cylinder
Actuators
Most Common types of Linear Actuators
Double Acting Single Ended Double Ended
Single Acting
All contain
Cylinder Piston Rod Seals Spring
Barrel
Spring Return
if used
Flow
cfm cubic foot (feet) per minute Volume per unit time Scfm Standard cubic foot (feet) per minute
Force Principles
Gauge Pressure works against each square inch of piston surface
The greater the square inch surface of the fluid, the less internal pressure will be developed.
Actuators
Differential Areas
Force Consideration
Consider the effective area on which the pressure acts On single ended cylinders there is a differential Dont forget friction
Cylinders
Force = Pressure Area
2 diameter piston Area = 3.14 12 = 3.14 in2 Pressure = 60 psi 3.14 in2 60 psi = 188 lbs Force while extending greater than while retracting
Cylinder Forces
Force Applied = Pressure * Cross Sectional Area
Pressure applied on a flat plate, causes a force! The bigger the plate, or the higher the pressure, the greater the force.
Base Dimension = 4.38 + Stroke Length = ? + Locking Nut = .25 + Clevis Dimension = 1.31
Retracted Length = 4.38 + Stroke + .25 + 1.31 = 5.94 + Stroke Extended Length = 5.94 + (2 x Stroke Length)
By adjusting the applied pressure you can instantly adjust the force
Custom cylinders
in just a few days by UPS
Strong
Safety
Safety MUST always be considered
Compressed Air is like a coiled spring
Relieve the pressure before working on the system Be aware of pinch points Avoid side-loading increases friction and wear Avoid getting grit or metal shavings on the rod or in the cylinder Use flow controls for safety
Interesting Links
Fluid Power Educational Foundation www.fpef.org Bimba Manufacturing www.bimba.com
Clippard Instrument Lab.
Nason Corporation
www.nasonptc.com
Lord Corp
www.lordmpd.com
www.clippard.com
Monnier, Inc.
www.monnier.com
Wika
www.ewika.com/WikaSit e/GlobalSites.aspx
Norgren
www.norgren.com
Festo
www.festo.com
Parker
www.parker.com
SMC Pneumatics
www.smcusa.com
Q/A
Any Questions? About this lecture? About Pneumatics? About Design? About FIRST? About the Game?