PRIMARY ELEMENTS AND COMPONENTS Elements and components that provide capacity of the structure to resist collapse during

a seismic action induced by the ground motion in any direction are classified as primary. Although damage to the primary elements and some degradation of their stiffness may be permitted to occur, the overall function of these elements in resisting structural collapse should not be compromised. SECONDARY ELEMENTS AND COMPONENTS Elements and components that does not contribute significantly or reliably in resisting earthquake effects due to low lateral stiffness, strength or flexibility e.g. exterior cladding or interior partitions and similarly the interaction of the floor framing systems and columns (though can add some stiffness but that effect neglected when proportioning buildings shear walls) in shear wall buildings design etc. However, the ability of the secondary elements and components to support gravity loads under the maximum induced deformations must be preserved.

FORCE AND DEFORMATION CONTROLLED ACTIONS This classification is explained below with the help of figure 1

TYPE 1 The type 1 curve depicted in figure 1 is representative of the ductile behavior. Primary elements and components actions having e / g > 2 are classified as deformation controlled, otherwise shall be classified as force controlled. Secondary element and components actions are classified as deformation controlled no matter whatever is the e / g value. TYPE 2 The type 2 curve depicted in figure is representative of the ductile behavior. All primary and secondary element and component actions depicting such behavior are classified deformation controlled actions if e / g > = 2, otherwise are classified force controlled actions. TYPE 3 The Type 3 curve depicted in figure is representative of a brittle or non-ductile behavior where there is an elastic range (point 0 to point 1 on the curve) followed by loss of strength and loss of ability to support gravity loads beyond point 1. Primary and secondary component actions displaying Type 3 behavior shall be classified as force-controlled.