The Kitchen Science of Crystals Lesson 5 ECH 430- Assignment 3 Student Number 42065712

Lesson 5: Making Crystals: Salt and Sugar experiments Stage 2 Outcomes and indicators AC: ST2-12MW: identifies that adding or removing heat causes a change of state between solids and liquids ACSHE061 Students describe a change of state between solid and liquid can be caused by adding or removing heat Students will be provided with the opportunity to describe some everyday situations where solids and liquids change state by adding heat (heating) or removing heat (cooling) KLA integration: TS2.2 students will engage in interactions with peers, both as a class and in groups, sharing knowledge, thoughts and ideas about Crystals MS2.4 students will engage in mathematical concepts such as estimation, measurement and comparison, as they conduct the experiments Activity: Experiments making salt and sugar crystals Purpose of this activity is for students to apply their knowledge in to practice through a hands-on experiment where they are provided with the opportunity to create their own crystals Students will engage in a rich and meaningful experience that allows them to gain an insight first hand of the process as to how crystals are formed

Key scientific knowledge Salt and Sugar are both forms of crystals. Crystals can be both separated as lots of individual particles or combined as a whole. The process by which crystals are formed is called crystallization (Maki, 1993). Crystallization refers to the separation of solids and liquids that occur during the experiment, and thus, work together to create a crystal. In this particular experience, the solids and liquid would be the salt or sugar, and the water. Through the process of crystallization, the separated crystals move closer together to form a bond in a pattern-like manner, and thus, form a larger crystal (Maki, 1993). Specific attention should be placed on the crystallization process as this is an important part of the experiment. Close monitoring of the temperature during this step is vital as it is responsible for the reaction that is known as super saturation (Reciprocal net, 2004). This method encompasses the dissolving process that the solids go through. High temperature causes the salt or sugar crystals to dissolve. However, it is the cooling down part that enables the crystallization process to begin, which correlates with the first step of crystallization, known as nucleation. During nucleation, the crystals come together to take their shape and form and thus prepare for the second process. The second part is secondary nucleation which is the term used to describe the process where the crystal continues to grow, and forms the result of the experiment (size and shape) (Reciprocal net, 2004). Resources Salt crystals
a cup or small bowl Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate) hot water food colouring (optional)

Sugar crystals
water sugar glass jar pencil or butter knife

Camera Tables

The Kitchen Science of Crystals Lesson 5 ECH 430- Assignment 3 Student Number 42065712

*see appendix and link below for salt and sugar experiment

piper cleaners pan for boiling water and making solution spoon for stirring food colouring (optional)

Overview of Lesson Salt and Sugar crystals experiments http://www.kidzworld.com/article/26598-make-your-own-crystals Preparation and Introduction Display experiments on IWB and go through with class. Ensure class is set up and ready for experiments (have necessary materials and equipment in place) divide class in four stations (two for each experiment) Divide the class in four groups and have them each do one experiment (two groups will do salt, and two will do sugar). Provide printed copies of experiments to students. Activity In groups, students will undertake the experiment/s Each group will be allocated to a station (either salt or sugar crystals) Although students will be working in groups, individual hypothesis should be made and documented prior to commencing experiment Crystals will take over a day to begin formation, however, students are required to record observations and findings of experiment over time using a combination of photos, video, and written documentation. To conclude lesson, spend 5-10 minutes as a class allowing students to share thoughts/ hypothesis, and discuss their learning about the experiment

References
Board of Studies. (2007). K-6 English Syllabus. Board of Studies: NSW Board of Studies. (2007). K-6 Maths Syllabus. Board of Studies: NSW Board of Studies. (2013). K-10 Science Syllabus. Retrieved 21 October, 2013, from http://syllabus.bos.nsw.edu.au/science/sciencek10/ Kidzworld. (2013).Science Project: Make your own crystals. Retrieved 23 October, 2013, from http://www.kidzworld.com/article/26598-make-your-own-crystals Maki, C. (1993). Snowflakes, Sugar, and Salt. Crystals up close. Learner Publications Company: Minneapolis. Recipricol Net. (2004). Learn about Crystallization. Retrieved 21 October, 2013, from http://www.reciprocalnet.org/edumodules/crystallization/