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Chapter 2 - Basic Laws PDF
Chapter 2 - Basic Laws PDF
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
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v iR
Two extreme possible values of R: 0 (zero) and (infinite) are related with two basic circuit concepts: short circuit and open circuit.
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b l n 1
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Original circuit
Equivalent circuit
Mathematically,
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i
n 1
0
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Determine the current I for the circuit shown in the figure below.
I + 4-(-3)-2 = 0 I = -5A
This indicates that the actual current for I is flowing in the opposite direction.
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Mathematically,
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v
m 1
0
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Applying the KVL equation for the circuit of the figure below.
va-v1-vb-v2-v3 = 0 V1 = IR1 v2 = IR2 v3 = IR3 va-vb = I(R1 + R2 + R3)
va vb I R1 R2 R3
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Solution: Apply KVL -10+V1-8-V2=0 V1=4i, V2=-2i -10+4i-8-(-2i) = 0 18=6i i=3A Chapter 2 : Basic Laws V1=12V, V2=-6V
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Solution: Apply KVL -35+Vx+2Vx-Vo=0 Vx=10i, Vo=-5i -35+10i+2(10i)-(-5i)=0 35=35i i=1A Chapter 2 : Basic Laws Vx=10V, Vo=-5V
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Solution: Apply KCL -6+io+(io/4)+ix=0 i0 = v0/2, ix = v0/8 6 = (v0/2) + (v0/8) + (v0/8) thus, v0 = 8V and i0 = 4A
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Solution: At the top node, i1 = i2 + i3 ..(1) For loop 1, -5 + V1 + V2 = 0; or V1 = 5 - V2 (2) For loop 2, - V2 + V3 -3 = 0; or V3 = V2 + 3 ..(3) Using (1) and Ohms law, we get (V1/2) = (V2/8) + (V3/4) (2)&(3) v2=2V, v1 = 3 V, v3 = 5 V, i1 = 1.5 A, i2 = 0.25 A, i3 =1.25 A.
The equivalent resistance of any number of resistors connected in a series is the sum of the individual resistances.
Req R1 R2 RN Rn
n 1 N
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Example 2.9
Equivalent Resistance: Find Req for the circuit shown in the following figure
Answer: 6 ohm
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Example 2.10
Equivalent Resistance: Calculate the equivalent resistance Rab in the following circuit:
Answer: 11 ohm
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Example 2.12
Find io and vo in the circuit below. Calculate the power dissipated in the 3- resistor.
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Example 2.13
For the circuit shown below, determine: (a) the voltage vo, (b) the power supplied by the current source, (c) the power absorbed by each resistor.
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Rb Rc R1 ( Ra Rb Rc )
Ra
R1 R2 R2 R3 R3 R1 R1 R1 R2 R2 R3 R3 R1 R2 R1 R2 R2 R3 R3 R1 R3
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Rc Ra R2 ( Ra Rb Rc )
Ra Rb R3 ( Ra Rb Rc )
Chapter 2 : Basic Laws
Rb
Rc
Answer: 140 , 70 , 35 .
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Answer: 40 , 2.5 A.
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