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[]
1.

.
. (principia
revelationis) (principia theologiae) .1)

(in se per se)
(principium essendi)
(principium cognoscendi) .
2)
: It is the Father who,

through the Son as Logos, imparts himself to his creatures in the Spirit.3)
.
( 2:2).
( 4:3). .
climax, crown, and completion : All revelation tends toward and
groups around the incarnation as the highest, richest, and most perfect act of
self-revelation.4)

. 2
. .
.5)
1) Cf. Donald Macleod, Bavincks Prolegomena: Fresh Light on Amsterdam, Old Princeton, and
Cornelius Van Til, Westminster Theological Journal 68(2006), 261-82.
2) Cf. Abraham Kuyper, Principles of Sacred Theology, tr. J. Hendrik De Vries (Grand Rapids:
Eerdmans, 1980), 341 ff.
3) Herman Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, vol. 1, Prolegomena, ed. John Bolt, tr. John Vriend
(Grand Rapids: Baker, 2003), 207-214, quotation(214).
4) Herman Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, vol. 3, Sin and Salvation in Christ, ed. John Bolt, tr.
John Vriend (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2006), 278. Cf. Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 379-80:
The center of that[the] revelation is the person of Christ. And Christ is a historical person;
his incarnation, his suffering and death, its resurrection and ascension to heaven are not
susceptible of repetition. Indeed it is integral to the incarnation that he enter history and live
in the form(s) of time.
5) These following theologians, although their views are various, are in agreement to find the
centrality of Christology in the doctrine of the two natures of Christ. Cf. G. C. Berkouwer,
The Person of Christ (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1954), 21-56; Donald G. Bloesch, Jesus
Christ: Savior and Lord (Downers Grove, IL: IVP, 1997), 11-24; Donald Macleod, The
Person of Christ (Downers Grove, IL: IVP, 1997), 181-203; Chirley C. Guthrie, Jr., Christian
Doctrine (Atlanta: John Knox, 1986), 223-225; Bernard L. Ramm, An Evangelical
Christology: Ecumenic and Historic (New York: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1985), 15-27.
- 1 -
The doctrine of Christ is not the starting point, but it certainly is the central
point of the whole system of dogmatics. All other dogmas either prepare for it
or are inferred from it. In it, as the heart of dogmatics, pulses the whole of
the religious-ethical life of Christianity. It is the mystery of godliness (1
Tim. 3:16). From this mystery all Christology has to proceed. If, however,
Christ is the incarnate Word, then the incarnation is the central fact of the
entire history of the world: then, too, it must have been prepared from before
the ages and have its effects throughout eternity.6)
The Institutes of the Christian Religion
7) Reformed Dogmatics(Gereformeerde Dogmatiek) Our
Reasonable Faith(Magnalia Dei) the covenant of grace, the person of

Christ, the work of ChristChrists humiliation Christs exaltation .8)
the order of teaching(ordo docendi) Francis Turretin, Heinrich Heppe, Charles
Hodge .9)
.10)

. 2
, , . 3
. 4

. 5
.
2.
6) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.274.
7) Institutio christianae religionis, in libros quatuor nunc primum digesta, certisque distincta
capitibus, ad aptissimam methodum:aucta etiam tam magna accessione ut propemodum opus

novum haberi possit, 1559. 2 6 17
. (2.6) (2.12-14)
(2.15-17) / / (2.7-11),
.
8) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.193-482. Herman Bavinck, Our Reasonable Faith, tr. Henry
Zylstra (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1956), 260-385.
9) Francis Turretin, Institutes of Elenctic Theology, ed. James T. Dennison, tr. George
Musgrave Giger (Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing, 1994), 2.169-500.
Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, 3 vols., rep (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995),
2.354-638. Heinrich Heppe, Reformed Dogmatics, Set out and Illustrated from the Sources,
tr. G. T. Thomson, rev. ed. (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1950), 371-509.
10) Cf. Cornelius Van Til, Bavinck the Theologian, Westminster Theological Journal
1961(24/1), 1-17. . R. H. Bremmer, Herman
Bavinck als Dogmaticus (Kampen: J. H. Kok, 1961).
- 2 -
2.1. Trinity
scriptual and Christian
, the riches of Scripture and the honor of Christ
.11)
.
As subject, as I, he did not descend from Adam but was the Son of the
Father, chosen from eternity to be the head of a new covenant. Not Adam but
God was his father. As a person he was not the product of humankind but
himself came to humankind from without and entered into its ranks.12)
the presupposition and foundation of the incarnation
lies in the trinitarian being of God .13)
2 .
. (eternal counsel) pactum salutis
.
.14)
the divine nature in the person of the Son became
human 2
the Reformed formulation that the person of the Son was immediately united
with the human nature, and the divine nature was [therefore] mediately united with
it. . (essence) (divinity)
. 2 personal
operation(opus personale). The hypostatic union between the divine and human
natures is mediate in that it is through the immediate assumption of the human
nature into the person of the Son.15)
(pantheism) (Deism)
. .
(esse) (subsistere). (hypostasis)
(persona) (subsistentia) ,
.
. (possibility)
11) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.304. Cf. B. B. Warfield, The Two Natures and Recent
Christological Speculation, in Christology and Criticism (New York: Oxford University Press,
1932), 259: The doctrine of the Incarnation is the hinge on which the Christian system
turns.
- 3 -
(essence) (pactum salutis)

.
.
.16)
2 . the sixth Synod of
Toledo(AD 638) . Only [the Son] assumes human
nature in the singularity of the person, not in the unity of the divine nature: in what
is peculiar to the Son, not what is common to the Trinity.17)
.18)
: Yet though subjectively
and as it pertains to its end, the incarnation is peculiar only to the Son, still with
respect to its origin, beginning, and effectiveness, it is a work of the whole Trinity
.19)
2.2. Creation
,
. (generatio)
(, processio) (opus ad intra)
(opus
ad
extra)
(vestigia
trinitatis) (imago trinitatis)

.20)
.
a type of Christ .
(Andreas Osiander) ?
?21)

.
.
(prwtotokoj pashj ktisewj)( 1:15) (avrch thj ktisewj tou
qeou)( 3:14)
.22)
16) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.274-275, 277.
18) This refers to the principle that all the outward works of God are common and
indivisible(opera ad extra communia et indivisa). Herman Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, vol.
2, God and Creation, ed. John Bolt, tr. John Vriend (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2004), 318.
19) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.276. Calvin, Inst. 1.13.18(CO 2.105): patri principium
agendi, rerumque omnium fons et scaturigo attribuitur; filio sapientia, consilium, ipsaque in
rebus agendis dispensatio; at spiritui virtus et efficacia assignatur actionis.
20) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 2.332-333, 420-423.
21) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.277-278.
- 4 -
?
.23)

.24) the finite is not capable of the
infinite(finitum non est capax infiniti) humans are
capable of the divine nature(homo divinae naturae capax)
.25)
(Gods good pleasure)
.26)
(infralapsarianism)

(mediator unionis) .
.

.27)

.
. (supralapsarianism)
.28)
infralapsarianism supralapsarianism
.29)
.30)
2.3. Revelation
, the presupposition and preparation .
.
( 1:1, 5, 9).
. (
1:4).31)
23) On the other hand the following author will give an affirmative answer to this. Since he
regards the knowledge of creation and the incarnation of Christ as precedent to that of God
the Trinity. Colin E. Gunton, Christ and Creation (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1992), 71-79.
28) Calvin, Inst. 2.12.4-6.
29) J. Mark Beach, Introductory Essay, in Herman Bavinck, The Holy Spirits Work in Calling
and Regeneration, tr. Nelson D. Kloosterman (Grand Rapids: Reformation Heritage, 2008),
xvi-xx.
30) Heppe, Reformed Dogmatics, Set out and Illustrated from the Sources, 133-149.
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The incarnation links up with the preceding revelation, both the general and
the special. It stands and falls with them. For if God was able to reveal
himself in the way Scripture testifies with respect both to the Gentile world
and to Israel, then the possibility of the incarnation is inherently included in
that revelation; and if the incarnation were not possible, then neither could the
revelation be maintained. Revelation, after all, is based on the same idea as
the incarnation: on the communicability of God, both in his being to the
Son(generation) and outside his being to creatures(creation).32)
.

. 3
.33) the content of
Christianity .34) That is, Gods revelation in creation contains his
love in Christ.35)
archetypal revelation(revelatio archetypa)
ectypal revelation(revelatio ectypa)

(theologia unionis) .36)
.37)
the last and supreme revelation
.38)
3.
3.1. The Mystery of the Union: the Conception by the Holy Spirit
. .
. Marys impregnation was from the supernatural conception by the Holy
Spirit. .
. He was himself the acting subject who by
the Holy Spirit prepared a body for himself in Marys body.39) Christ, though sent by
35) Cf. Herman Bavinck, The Philosophy of Revelation (New York: Longmans, 1909), 170-202.
38) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 1.490-491. The three significances introduced here illuminate
overarching principles of Bavincks Christology. Notably, Charles Hodge does not mention
them at all in dealing with the person of Christ. Hodge, Systematic Theology, 2.378 ff., 610
ff.
- 6 -
the Father, came by his own will and deed.40)

.
efficient
cause(causa
efficiens) . 41)
.
. this special union
.
(union and
communion) .
. (state of exaltation)
.42)

.

.43)
Without the personality and deity of the Spirit there can be no true oneness
between the Father and the Son. Those who deny the deity of the Holy Spirit
cannot maintain that of the Son. The Trinity only completes itself in the
divine person of the Holy Spirit. Only through that person does the unity of
being in the threeness of the persons and the threeness of persons in the
unity of being, come into being. The entire dogma of the Trinity, the mystery
of Christianity, the heart of religion, the true and genuine communion of our
souls with Godthey all stand or fall with the deity of the Holy Spirit.44)
.
, . .

. .
. a very special activity on the part of
the Holy Spirit .45)
. .
.
.46) (person)
43) Concerning our union with Christ grounded on Christs union with us through the incarnation,
Robert Letham, The Work of Christ (Downers Grove, IL: IVP, 1993), 77-87, 184-186.
46) In this respect Bavincks position should be differentiated from that of Spirit-Christology
that are deployed most significantly in these works. Roger Haight S. J. The Case for Spirit
- 7 -
. .
Conception by the Holy Spirit was not the deepest ground and final cause of
Jesus sinlessness, as many theologians say, but it was the only way in which
he who already existed as a person and was appointed head of a new
covenant could now also in a human wayin the fleshbe and remain who he
was: the Christ, Son of God the Most High.47)
3.2. Christless Christology

. Arian Christology, the moral Christology of rationalism,
the symbolic Christology of Kant, the ideal Christology of Hegel, the aesthetic
Christology of De Wette, the anthropological Christology of Feuerbach
.48)
(God-consciousness)
the
archetype
of
humankind . Gods being in Christ Christ is

God
the
divinizing
of
the
human(qewsij) .49)
(God)
-(God-man)
(being) (becoming) . Ritschl,
Herrmann, Kaftan, Hring,
Rothe, Dorner,
Kenosis doctrine .50)
.
. Harnack
, .
. .
.51)
, To Carlyle he was a hero, to Strauss a religious genius, to Renan a liberal
reformer and preacher of humanity, to Schopenhauer a herald of the negation of the
Christology Theological Studies 53(1992), 257-287; Ralph Del Colle, Christ and the Spirit:
Spirit-Christology in a Trinitarian Perspective (Oxford: Oxford University, 1994); Jurgen
Moltmann, The Way of Christ (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993).
49) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.262-263. Cf. Byung-Ho Moon, A Criticism of
Schleiermachers Mystical and Pantheistic Christology, Chongshin Theological Journal
16/1(2011), 64-69.
50) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.263-266. Cf. Hodge, Systematic Theology, 2.430-440.
- 8 -
will to live, to Proudhon a social reformer.52)

Christless Christology . the doctrine of Christ should
be based on and occur within the boundaries of the Chalcedon symbol.53)
.

. - .

.
If he[Christ] is going to be not the subject but the object and center of the
Christian religion, and if this Christian religion is to preserve its uniqueness
and not degenerate into an idolatrous Jesus cult, it is not enough for Christ to
be in God(evnqeoj), but he must himself be God(qeoj), the only begotten of the
Father.54)
-
. .
.
. .

.55)
3.3. Unity in Union
Chalcedon : the same
perfect in Godhead, the same perfect in humanhood, truly God and truly man ... one
and the same Christ, Son, Lord, Only-begotten, made known in two natures, without
confusion(avsugcutoj),
without
separation(avcwristoj).56)
change(avtreptoj),
without
division(avdiairetoj),
divinization(qewsij)
without
in
two

, Robert L. Reymond, A New Systematic
Theology of the Christian Faith, **********; Macleod, The Person of Christ, 181-203.
55) . B. B.
Warfield, Christless Christianity, in Christology and Criticism (New York: Oxford University
Press, 1932), 367: A Christianity to which Christ is indifferent is, as a mere matter of fact,
no Christianity at all. For Christianity, in the core of the matter, consists in just, Jesus
Christ and Him as crucified. Can he be of the body who no longer holds to the Head? What
is, after all, the fundamental difference between Christianity and other positive religions?
Does it not turn just on thisthat the founders of the other religions point out the way to
God while Christ presents Himself as that Way?
56) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.255, 302.
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natures(evn duo fusein) out of two natures(evk duo fusewn)

.57) John of Damascus
permeation(pericwrhsij) divinization(qewsij)
.58)
(una persona) (duae naturae)
. .59)
.60) , (av, in61))
. . e`n eìj
.62) substance subsistence
. divinity person
. .63)

.
. the assumption of flesh the conception in the womb
. , (the exinanition)
God-man . not temporally but logically
.64) God God-man
. God and man ,
.65)
a union(e`nwsij) a conjuction(sunafeia) 66)
mixture(mixij) mingling(avnakrasij) a third kind being(tertium genus)
.67)
59) Cf. The Westminster Confession of Faith, 8.2: So that two whole, perfect, and distinct
natures, the Godhead and the manhood, were inseparably(indissolubili) joined together in one
person, without conversion, composition, or confusion(sine conversione, compositione, aut
confusione). Which person is very God and very man, yet one Christ, the only mediator
between God and man. Philip Schaff, ed., The Creeds of Christendom with a History and
Critical Notes, Vol. 3, The Evangelical Protestant Creeds, rev. (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1983),
619-620.
60) The following author the Chalcedons formula as a product of Aristotelian philosophy. John
McIntyre, The Shape of Christology: Studies in the Doctrine of the Person of Christ
(Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1997), 87-89.
61) inconfuse, immutabiliter, indivise, inseperabiliter. Cf. Philip Schaff, ed., The Creeds of
Christendom with a History and Critical Notes, Vol. 2, The Greek and Latin Creeds with
Translations, rev. (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1983), 63.
63) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.259. substance(substantia) the
underlying reality . subsistence(subsistentia) the particular being .
. Cf. Heppe, Reformed Dogmatics, Set out
and Illustrated from the Sources, 410: Christ is considered here not kata qeologian as the
logoj, but as the qeanqrwpoj.
- 10 -
the same perfect in

humanhood, truly God and truly man .
68)
. . It is always the true and
perfect human nature.
(Arius),
(Apollinaris)
.69) a heavenly body a phantom
body .70)
union communion
.
: For what is unassumable is incurable.71)

. .
(centrality)
(qeoj) (evnqeoj)

. new theology Humanity is divinity
viewed from below; divinity is humanity viewed from above. R. J.
Cambell . prototypical humanity and ectypical divinity
.72)
.
.
. (independence) (dependence) the
same personal subject . The Word became flesh(John
1:14), therefore fullness of deity dwells in him bodily(swmatikwj, Col. 2:9).73)
fully, bodily . fully
bodily .
.

68) Cf. The Westminster Confession of Faith, 8.2 signifies definitely the conception by the
Holy Spirit in the womb of the Virgin Mary, of her substance(in utero eque substantia
Mariae Virginis). Schaff, ed., The Evangelical Protestant Creeds, 619(bold emphasis is
mine).
69)
.
.
.
. (pneuma)
. (yuch) (sarx) .
71) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.297-298. John of Damascus .
73) Cf. Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.298-299.
- 11 -
.
. .
Scripture ascribes all kinds of and very different predicates to Christ but
always to one and the same subject, the one undivided I who dwells in him
speaks out of him. It also specifically says, not that the Logos dwelt in a
human being, but that the Logos became flesh(John 1:14). A person is what
he or she has become. If the Son of God became a human being, he is himself
human. Many things can be predicated of a person but never another person.
A husband and a wife are one flesh, but the husband is never the wife or
vice-versa. Therefore, if the human subject in Christ was another than the
Logos, Scripture could never have said that the Logos became, and therefore
is, flesh.74)
.
.
. .
(naturally) . (personally)
, .
In God, there is one nature and three persons: in Christ there is one person
and two natures. The unity of the three persons in the divine being is in the
full
natural(naturalis),
sense
coessential(coessentialis);
the
unity
of
consubstantial(sunousiwdhj),
the
two
natures
in
Christ
is
personal(personalis).75)

(communion with God) . (a mystical union)
.
.76) a union of
the person of the Son with an impersonal human nature. a union of natures in
the person of the Son, not a natural but personal union. It is not a union of persons;
it is a personal and substantial union.77)
the substratum(suppositum) by which a thing is what is
(substantialis).78) Bavink here confirms that the human nature is not a concrete
subject but an abstract substance of which union with the divine nature constitutes in
74)
75)
76)
77)
78)
Bavinck,
Bavinck,
Bavinck,
Bavinck,
Bavinck,
Reformed
Reformed
Reformed
Reformed
Reformed
Dogmatics,
Dogmatics,
Dogmatics,
Dogmatics,
Dogmatics,
3.302.
3.306.
3.304-305.
3.305-306.
3.306. Cf. Hodge, Systematic Theology, 2.387, 391.
- 12 -
the eternal person of Christ.79)

. the
human nature is not in itself an independent self but from the start personal in the
Logos, who as subject lived, thought, willed, acted, suffered, died, and so on in and
through it with all its constituents, capacities, and energies. the human nature does
not constitute a personality of its own but subordinated to the Logos.
avlloj kai avlloj(one person and another) avllo kai
avllo(one thing and another) .
(musthrion euvsebeiaj) .80) Bavinck firmly sustains Chalcedons position of unity in
unionthe fact that the human nature, like the divine nature, is not person(avnupostasij)
but belongs to it(evnupostasij).81)
3.4. Communication of Properties
an independent self personality .
(personally), (substantially) .
effects of the union(effecta unionis) : the communication of proper
qualities(communicatio idiomatum), the completion of a work(apotelesmatum), and
the charismata(charismatum).82)
(attributes, qualities) the one
person and the one subject .

intrinsic and substantial God in Christ is
humanized and the human nature is deified a docetic
element .83)

. The attributes of the two natures are ascribed as predicates to one
and the same subject. .
79) Even though Bavinck does not use such terms as concretum and abstractum, as Reformed
theologians do, he shares the same view with them. Cf. Peter Martyr Vermigli, Dialogue on
the Two in Christ, tr. & ed. John Patrick Donnelly, S. J., The Peter Martyr Library Series
One (Kirksville, MO: Sixteenth Century Essays & Studies, 1995), 50-51, 74-75; Heppe,
Reformed Dogmatics, Set out and Illustrated from the Sources, 441-445; Turretin, Institutes
of Elenctic Theology, 2.316-317, 322.
81) Also in this case, although Bavinck does not use such terms as enhypostatia and
anhypostatia, as Reformed theologians do, he shares the same view with them. Cf. Heppe,
Reformed Dogmatics, Set out and Illustrated from the Sources, 416-419, 427-429; Turretin,
Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 2.328. This issue has been raised significantly with reference
to the doctrine of Leontius of Byzantium. Concerning his view, Herbert M. Relton, A Study in
Christology: The Problem of the Relation of the Two Natures in the Person of Christ
(London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1917), 226-235.
82) Cf. Heppe, Reformed Dogmatics, Set out and Illustrated from the Sources, 434-447; Hodge,
Systematic Theology, 2.392-397; Turretin, Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 2.321-332.
83) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.308-309, 426-427, 430-431.
- 13 -
.
-(God-man) (God and man)
.84)
.
( 1:14).
( 1:3; 2:14).
( 2:7; 20:28; 1:7).
( 1:13-18).
( 2:9). .
, ( 1:18),
( 3:13), ( 5:58),
( 22:43), ( 9:5) .85)

a double working(evnergeia) a divine human character
. their efficient cause .86)
.

.87)
(communicatio idiomatum)
.88) pericwrhsij
qewsij
pilgrim(viator) (comprehensor).
. the
blessed knowledge(scientia beata) the beatific vision of God(visio Dei)
. .89)

the true and genuine humanity
the
state
of
integrity(status integritatis) subject to suffering and death

anger, sadness, pity, compassion the abounding world of the mind
the assumption of a weak human nature
a state of humiliation .90)

. ,
84) Cf. John Murry, The Person of Christ, in Collected Writings of John Murry (Edinburgh:
Banner of Truth, 1977), 2.138.
89) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.256-257. 309. Concerning the Roman Catholic Churchs
position on this, Berkouwer, The Person of Christ, 213-223.
- 14 -
the
possibility
of
sinning
and
falling
an
empirical
sinlessness a necessary sinlessness .91)

beatific knowledge(scientia beata) .
The human consciousness in him, though having the same subject as the divine
consciousness, only to a small degree knew that subject, that I, indeed knew
it as a whole but not exhaustively. Just as behind our limited consciousness
there also lies within us a world of being, so behind the human consciousness
of Christ there lay the depths of God, which could only very gradually and to
a limited degree shine through that human consciousness. From this, one may
not infer, however, that in various domains Jesus could err.92)

. , , ,
,
.
.93) the proper object of worship the
ground the foundation .94)

.
. The following confession of Westminster is
embracing the whole aspects of the communication of both the natures deployed by
Bavinck.
Christ, in the work of mediation, acteth according to both natures; by each
nature doing that which is proper to itself; yet, by reason of the unity of the
person, that which is proper to one nature is sometimes, in Scripture,
attributed to the person denominated by the other nature.95)
4. Mediation in Hypostatic Union
4.1. :

91) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.314. Cf. B. B. Warfield, Jesus Alleged Confession of Sin,
in Christology and Criticism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1932), 97-145.
95) The Westminster Confession of Faith, 8.7. Schaff, ed., The Evangelical Protestant Creeds,
622.
- 15 -
. the pact of salvation(pactum
salutis) . vicarious satisfaction(satisfactio vicaria)

(material cause) (formal or
instrumental cause) the covenant of grace
.96)
. the representative of
humankind.
the substitute of humankind.97)
. .
(obedientia activa) (obedientia passiva)
. .
the covenant of redemption
.98)
(guarantor)
(the
key
party)
(head)
.
(mediator)( 7:22; 8:6; 12:24).99)

. a
better covenant an evangelical covenant. superiority mystery the
mystical Christ(Christus mysticus)-- .100)
(the mediatorship of union)
. .
, , .101)
the believers communion with God a mystical union .102)
.
.

. Romans 1:3 according to the Spirit of holiness(kata pneuma avgiwsuvhj)
.
( 1:36), ( 4:1),
( 3:34)
( 17:31), ( 17:2), ( 2:8),
( 1:24) .103)

.

98) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.
99) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.227-228, 405.
100) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.225, 228
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a spiritual body(swma pneumatikon) the Spirit of

life(pneuma zwhj)(Rom. 8:11) a life-giving Spirit(pneuma zwopoioun)(1 Cor. 15:45)
.
.
.
The Holy Spirit is the Spirit of Christ because he dwells in Christ himself and
because through him Christ communicates himself to his own(2 Cor. 3:18).
And thus Christ is now he in whom all the fullness of deity dwells
bodily(Col. 2:9; 1:19). He is the visible image of the invisible God(Col.
1:15). The divine glory is now manifest in his human nature and radiates from
his face(2 Cor. 3:18; 4:4, 6).104)
4.2. Double States (Status Duplex):

humiliation exaltation
pactum salutis according to dispensation(kat oivkonomian)
.105) (dignity)
.
. .
.
, (evnqeoj) (qeoj)
,
Dorner Rothe ,

.106)
(kenwsij, exinanitio)
. (tapeinwsij, humiliatio) .
. the divine mode of
existence(morfh qeou) the human mode of existence the form of a
servant(morfh doulou) .
.107) .
.
.
.108)
106) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.406-407, 426-433. Cf. Cf. B. B. Warfield, The
Humanitarian Christ, in The Person and Work of Christ, ed. Samuel G. Craig (Phillipsburg,
NJ: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing, 1950), 189-208.
- 17 -
.

.109)

.
.110)
(communion)
(sign and seal).111)
. .

.

.112)
.
vivification(reviviscentia, vivificatio)
.113)

.
(Osiander), (Stancaro),
the principle that performed the works of the mediator the principle
by which the works were accomplished by the mediator
.114)
.115)
,
. (to the
extent it was capable of it) .

.116)
.117) Exaltation does not mean to form a divinity by the enhanced
Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.431. Concerning Luthers and Lutheran views of

communicatio idiomatum, Berkouwer, The Person of Christ, 272-281.
110) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.310-311. 3.4. .
112) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.415-417. Cf. Calvin, Inst. 2.16.8-12; Turretin, Institutes
of Elenctic Theology, 356-361; Hodge, Systematic Theology, 2.616-621.
113) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.427-428. resurrection external
resurrection(resurrectio externa)
internal resurrection(resurrectio
interna) vivification . vivification . Cf.
Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.414-415.
115) Cf. Turretin, Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 2.334, 348, 352, 364, 366, 368, 370-372;
Hodge, Systematic Theology, 2.629-631.
116) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.432, 434-436.
108)
- 18 -
woking of the Holy Spirit.118)

.119) ,
,120)

.121)
4.3. Vicarious Satisfaction(Satisfactio Vicaria):
(a
reward).
the
meritorious
connection between Christs humiliation and exaltation , , ,

(the mediatorial glory) .122)
.
. .

.123)
passive obedience(obedientia
passiva) (obedience activa)124) .

(sin, peccatum) (guilt, reatus) (punishment,
poena) . the satisfaction of God-man .
.125)
.126) (the consummation of his
obedience) .127)
117) Cf. B. B. Warfield, Jesus Christ, in Christology and Criticism (New York: Oxford
University Press, 1932), 165: Supernaturalistic Christianity is the only historical
Christianity.
118) So this following theory cannot be accepted. Wolfhart Pannenberg, Jesus God and Man, tr.
Lewis L. Wilkins and Duane A. Priebe (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1968), 323: But
Jesus as this man, as man in this particular, unique situation, with this particular historical
mission and this particular fateas this man Jesus is not just man, but from the perspective
of his resurrection from the dead(kata pneumaaccording to the Spriti) he is one with God
and thus is himself God.
119) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.431. Cf. Turretin, Institutes of Elenctic Theology,
2.379-384.
123) Cf. Hodge, Systematic Theology, 2.470-473.
124) . obedientia activa ,
obedientia passiva . .
.
- 19 -
(satisfactio vicaria) .128)

(in
faith)
non
posse
peccare(the
not-being-able
to
sin)
non
posse
mori(the
not-being-able to die) .
.
. .
.129)
.
. a quantitative calculation
.130)
Christs entire life and work, from his conception to his
death, was substitutionary in nature. .
.
.
.131)

. .
(offering,
i`rasmoj,
katallagh)
i`rasthrion)
(i`raskesqai)
(reconciliation,
(katallassein) . (Vershnung) (Vershnung)

.
.
.
.132)
5. Conclusion
centrality
.
.
.

.

.
128) Cf. Turretin, Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 426-433.

- 20 -
enhypostatis, anhypostatia, abstratum, concretum

.
.133)
.
.
.
.134)
.
.
, .
(pactum salutis)
(qeanqrwpoj) .
,
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
, (satiafactio vicaria)
.
. , , .
.135)
,
(qeoj) .
.
(evnqeoj) , .

.
It is one single work that the Father assigned to him and that he finished in
his death(John 4:34; 17:4; 19:30). His ministry was completed in the giving of
his life as a ransom for many(Matt. 20:28). Even Paul, who powerfully
133) Charles Hodge frequently uses this analogy. Systematic Theology, 2.378, 380, 389, 390,
392, 394, 397, 409 etc.
134) Cf. John Bolt, Christ and the Law in the Ethics of Herman Bavinck, Calvin Theological
Journal 28(1993), 45-73.
- 21 -
emphasizes the cross of Christ, regards his death, not as the whole, but as
the consummation of his obedience. He was born under the law(Gal. 4:4), in
the likeness of sinful flesh(Rom. 8:3), did not live to please himself(Rom.
15:3); at his incarnation he already emptied himself and assumed the form of
a servant; he continually humbled himself and became obedient even to
death(Phil. 2:7-8; 2 Cor. 8:9). So it is one single ministry and one obedience,
which gives life-giving justification() to many(Rom. 5:18-19).
- 22 -
5 (Mediator Salutis)
5.1.
,
(nudum et inane
duntaxat Dei nomen since vero Deo in cerebro nostro volitat)(Inst. 1.13.2, CO 2.90).
(Pater agit per
Filium in Spiritu Sancto).
(sermonem ante saecula ex patre genitum).

(verbum pro nutu vel
mandato filii accipi, qui ipse aeternus et essentialis est patris sermo).
(sapientia)( 8:22 ff),
(sermonem illum intermedium) ( 1).
, ( 1:2-3),
, (spiritus Christi) ( 1:10-11; cf.
1:21) [ Inst. 1.13.7, CO 2.94-95]. ( 1:3)
, (gloria) ( 17:5) [
Inst. 1.13.8, CO 2.96].

. ( 9:6),
( 23:5-6, 33:15-16) .
(Christum esse verum Iehovah testatus esset, unde fluit iustitia)
[ Inst. 1.13.9, CO 2.96-97].
, , ,

(Recte autem prudenter orthodoxi ecclesiae doctores sermonem Dei esse
interpretati sunt principem illum angelum, qui iam tunc praeludio quodam fungi coepit
mediatoris officio)[ Inst. 1.13.10, CO 2.97-98].

- 23 -
[
Inst. 1.13.11-13].
Inst. 2.6, 12-17 .
[ ( ) (
) ]
A.
a. : Inst. 1.13.7-8
b. (): Inst. 1.13.9-10
c. (): Inst. 1.13.11-13
B.
a. : Inst. 2.6
b. : Inst. 2.12-17

,
.
(Ignatios)
,
(
).
(
1:1-3; 1:2; 1:16-17; 11:36).
( 1:2; 1:17).
.
1)
(pactum
salutis)
(Mediator redemptionis) .
(decretum aeternum) (necessitas) (Inst.
- 24 -
136
2.12.1, 5).
2)
3:16-17;
1:10-11;
3:21-22)
[ ].
a. ,
.
. 61
.
(evcrisen) ,

( 4:18).
b.
( 9:25, 26; 2:6-8).
( 7:14; 28:6).
( 1:41-; 4:25- ).
.
c.
(o` avmnoj tou qeou o` aìrwn thn a`martian tou kosmou)
( 1:29, 36).
.
.
( ).
( 9:26; 6:10)
( 3:15)
( 5:21).
( 21:23; 3:13; 5:30; 10:39).
d.
,
.
. ,
2:2-6;
1:33;
9:6-7;
32:1;
12:5),
136 .
B. B. Warfield, The Foresight of Christ, 2.71-97.
- 25 -
( 3:17; 1:11; 3:21-22),

( 1:5; 5:9-10), ( 10:12).
1:21;
1:5-6;
5:9-10).
( 4:1; 2:2-4).
( 11:15).
5.2.
.
(officium) (persona) .
. (nomina sunt realia).
1) ( jIjhsou'V)
a. (
1:21; 2:11; 4:12; 5:31; 13:23, 38) . .
(
)
b. ( 12:3; 1:21;
2:36; 7: 59-60; 8:16; 16:31; 19:18; 4:5; 13:20; 1:1-2).
(KuvrioVj jIjhsou'V)( 1:4, 7; 4:24; 5:1, 11, 21; 6:23;
7:25; 8:39; 10:9; 13:14; 15:6, 30; 1:2-3, 7-8, 9; 12:3; 1:21; 2:36; 1:2
).
c. (typus, tuvpoV) .

,
( 3:1-10; 6:11-15)
,
.
2) (oJ Kristo;V)
- 26 -
a. x;yvim' (Messiaj, 1:41;

4:25).
.
( 2:2; 9:25, 26).
( 2:7) .
( 17:7; 3:16-17; 1:9-11; 3:21-22)
( 42:1-4; 61:1-3). ( 2:7).
42:1, .
61:1, .
b. , ( 26:63-64; 14:61-62;
22:67-70) ( 1:23; 5:7; 15:3). .
, ( 1:41; 2:11).
c. .
, , , ,

( 7:11-17)
(. 2:7-9, 89:3-4, 132:10-12).
. (sacrificium)
(sacerdos)
9:11-15,
26-28; 10:10-14).

137
( 1:29-30).
d. ( 4:25-26;
17:3; 14:62 ( 26:64; 22:67-69)). ( 16:16 ( 8:29;
19:20))
11:25-27)
137 Anthony Hoekema 7 . 1)

( 3:15; 49:10; 7:12-13). ( 7:13-14)
( 42:1-4; 49:5-7; 52:13-53:12) ( 18:15), ( 110:4),
( 9:9) . 2) ( 2:44-45). 3)
( 31:31-34). 4)
( 11:11; 23:3; 36:24-28). 5)
( 2:28-32). 6)
( 15-16; 1:15; 2:1-17; 13; 5:18-20; 1:7, 14-16; 4:5). 7)
( 11:6-69; 32:15; 35:7; 65:17; 66:22). The Bible and the
Future (Rep. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979), 3-12.
- 27 -

.
e. (, )
8:30-32
(Reginald H.
138
Fuller).
3) (oJ uiJo;V tou' ajnqrwvpou, Xwn rb in Aramic)

a. 50(Ur-Markus, Q, M, L 69)
13 . 12:34( ) 24:7
. 7:56
.
.
.
.
b.
(E.
Ksemann)
(R. Bultmann,
G. Bornkamm, F. Hahn, R. H. Fuller).
c. .
. , : eg.
3:13- ,
6:62-
.
. : eg. 2:10- ,
2:28- , 7:34-
, 9:58-
, 19:10-
.
. : eg. 10:45-, 22:48-
24:7-
, 3:14-
138
The Foundation of New Testament Theology (London: Lutterworth, 1965), 109-110.

- 28 -
, 6:53-
, 8:28-
, 12:23- , 13:31-
.
. : eg. 8:38-

, 13:26-
, 14:62-
,
12:8-10-
. . . ., 12:40- ,
17:22-30- . . . .,
18:8- , 10:23-
, 19:28-
. . . ., 24:30-
. . . ,
25:31-
.
c. ( 8:4,
~d'a'-!b,W)) ,
( 1:26; 2:1, 3, 6, 8; 3:1, 3, 4, 10, 17, 25; 4:1 ), (
7:13-14) .
d.
, .
.
e. 7:9-14 (vn"a/ rb:K.))
, 9:15-28
.
4) (oJ uiJovV tou' qeou')
a.
, ( 24:49; 2:33;
- 29 -
20:21-22)
(abba oJ pathvr)
(, 14:36

).
b. ( 1:35), ( 1:11; 3;22),
( 4:9; 4:3, 6), ( 9:7; 17:5; :35)

( 1:1-2, 14, 18) ( 17:1-5, 24)

.
c.
.
5) (KuvrioV)
a. KuvrioV jIjhsou'V .
b.
KuvrioV
70
(6,000 ).
c.
ejgwv
eijmi
()
( 8:24-
, 8:28- . . . .)
d. ( 28:18; 2:36; 14:9;
15:25-27; 1:10, 21-22; 2:9-11; 2:10; 1:2; 10; 2:8; 3:22;
17:14) ( 1:18-20). ( 1:16-17)
.
e.
.
6) (qeovV)
a. .
(oJ kuvriovV mou kaiJ oJ qeovV mou, 20:28).
- 30 -
b. 1:1- hypostasis essentia

(Comm. 1/9, CO 46.3), 1:14-
a genuine hypostasis in the essence of God(veram in essentia Dei hypostasin)(Comm.
1/19,
CO
46.13).
1:18-
2 the express
image of God(expressa Dei imago) (Comm. 1/25, CO
139
46.19).
c. 12:38-41 6
(Com.
2/48, CO 46.299).
d. 5:20
(participes)
(Comm. 315, CO 55.376).
e. 20:28
.
.
.
,

, the unity of the person of Christ(in Christo unitatem personae)
(Comm. 2/184, CO 48.469).
f. 9:5
.
(Christus ex Iudaeis secundum carnem qui Deus est in saecula
benedictus)
(Comm. 196, CO 49.174).

g. 2:13 .
()
,
139
( 1:18; 3:16; 4:9) Macleod, 73-74 .
- 31 -
. 14 (Comm.
374-375, CO 52.424).
h. 11:36 8:6 .
11:36 (Comm. 261, CO 49.232). 8:6
(Comm.
175, CO 49.432).
i. Deum ex Deo, lumen ex lumine, Deum
verum de Deo vero .
7) 2
a.
( 5:14; 15:45). ( 8:29)
( 6:5) (
2:11-18).
b.
( 10:45). ( 1:18; 1:35)
( 3:5-6; 3:5-7; 1:2-3).
8) (pai')
a. (db,[,)
( 42:1-4),
53:1-12)
( 52:13-15;
61:1-3). ( 10:45;
11:51-52).
b. ( 3:13;
4:27, 30).
c.
( 2:7).
9) (la WnM[, vEmmanouhl)
- 32 -
( 7:14; 8:8; 1:23).

a.
( 17:5, 15-16; 27:36; 3:13-14; 6:2-3; 25:25; 12:25;

1:21).
b. ( 8:8, 19).
c.
( 1:20) (evn sarki)

( 18:20; 28:20).
d.
,
5.3.
,
.
.
1)
a. : ( 4:16-21;
61:1-2)
( 13:16-17),
( 22:42-45),
( 26:62-65).
b. ( 11:27).

.
c. (ynda) : (
21:3), ( 7:21),
(
12:35-37; 22:42-45).
- 33 -
d. (hwhy) ejgwv eijmi

. 8:24,

. 8:28,

.
(
2:10, 28; 10:33, 45; 13:26, 29; 14:21, 62 ).
e.
( 12:6).
f. (verba ipssima)
( 14:61ff, ).
2)
a. :
(VHkousate o`ti . . .evgw de
u,mi o`ti ), .
b. ( 9:2-6)
c. ( 11:28-30)
d.
( 12:8)
e. ( 10:2-7):
.
f. ( 2:19):
.
g. : ( 7:13)
( 12:34)
12:34,

.
h. (o monogenhV)
abba ( 14:36, kai evlegen abba o` pathr, panta dunata
soi).
- 34 -
i.
6:4)
3)
a. : ( 10:45, , lutron;
10:11-15).
b. ( ) (
28:1-20).
c. ( 14:17-21; 15:34-38) ( 8:14-17)
- 35 -
6 (humiliatio Christi)
2 (hypostasis) (subsistentia) (deitas)

(divinitas) (humanitas) (hypostatic union)
(Deus verus et Homo verus) (persona)

.
(pactum
salutis) .
, ,
( ) .
( 53:4),
, ,
, ( 53:5).
( 53:6)
(mva) [] ( 53:10).
(
53:11) ( 53:12).

(remissio peccatorum)
(imputatio meriti Christi)( 4:25). .
8:2-4)
( 3:25; 5:8-10;
4:10).
.
(ejkevnwsen)
( 2:7), (ejtapeivnwsen)

2:8)

(=exinanitio)
- 36 -
4:27)
(=humiliatio) .
[ 27]
Q. 27. Wherein did Christs humiliation consist?
A. Christs humiliation consisted in his being born, and that in a low condition,
made under the law, undergoing the miseries of this life, the wrath of God, and the
cursed death of the cross; in being buried, and continuing under the power of death for
a time.
Q. 28. Wherein consisteth Christs exaltation?
A. Christs exaltation consisteth in his rising again from the dead on the third
day, in ascending up into heaven, in sitting at the right hand of God the Father, and in
coming to judge the world at the last day.
6.1. (incarnatio): (initium humiliationis)

2:6-7
.
140
. .

( 15:21; 5:21; 17:31).
(a`marti,an evpoi,hsen)
(pe,myaj evn o`moiw,mati sarko.j a`marti,aj) ( 5:21; 8:3).
( 15:47; 4:9; 3:13).
(evk spe,rmatoj Daui.d kata. sa,rka)( 1:3;
9:5 ). (o` w'n
evpi. pa,ntwn qeo.j euvloghto.j eivj tou.j aivw/naj)( 9:5 ).
(evn auvtw/| katoikei/ pa/n
to.
plh,rwma
th/j
qeo,thtoj
swmatikw/j)(
2:9).
(evfanerw,qh evn sarki,) ( 3:16). (tou/

mega,lou
140
qeou/)
2:13).
B. B. Warfield, The Person of Christ, 2.176-182.

- 37 -
(dia. th/j evpifanei,aj tou/ swth/roj h`mw/n Cristou/ VIhsou/)(

1:10) .
6.1.1.
,
,
18
19
,
.
.
1)
(Marcion)
2:7-8
.
(phantasm)

,
(Inst. 2.13.1, 2).
2) (Mani, Manichaeus) 15:47
(Inst. 2.13,1, 2).
.
3) ,
2:7
.
.
.
(figuratively represented),
[]
(essence)
(essence)
(oJmoousivon)
.
(Inst. 2.14.8).
4)
.
- 38 -
(Inst.
2.12.6).
(deificatio)
(Osiander)
. (imago Christi)
(iustitia essentialis) (infusa)
,
.
,
(nos una cum Deo iustos
esse) (Inst. 3.11.5-12, . 3.11.11, CO 2.541).
5) (
1:1; 20:28; 9:5)
.
.
6)
.
. (deitas) (humanitas).
(=exinanitio)
(=humiliatio) .
7)
(Deus
incarnandus)
.
8)
.

. .
6.1.2.
1)
( 4:27, 30).
- 39 -
2) .
, , .
3) .

.
4) ()
a. ,
.
(necessitas) , (
4:4), ( 5:3), (u`po
nomon) ( 3:13).

( 3:15; 5:3).
b.
( 4:4, 5). ,
( 6:38; 5:8). (
5:19). .
c. .
141
8 17-18
142
6.1.3.
141
Jesus positive attitude towards the law is presented characteristically in the following
narratives of the Synoptic Gospels: the story of the leper healed by Jesus (Matt. 8:1-4; Lk.
5:12-14), violation of the laws of defilement (Lk 7:14, 8:54, 10:28-37), Jesus desire to observe
the Passover feast in Jerusalem (Mk 14:12-16), and the strict observance of the Sabbath during
flight from Jerusalem in the last days (Matt. 24:20). For reference, see Robert Banks, Jesus and
the Law in the Synoptic Tradition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975). Calvin
frequently points out the soteriological significance of Christs obedience to the law. Cf. Comm.
Jn. 5:1 (1.116 [altered], CO 47.104): He [Christ] must be subject to the Law in order to
redeem us all from its bondage.
142 Christ frequently appeals to the authority of the law in the Gospel of John,
particularly in defense of his Sabbath work (7:21-24), in defense of his claim to be the Son of
God (10:34-36), and in defense of the authority of his teaching (5:31-47, 6:45, 8:12-20). For
Christ and the law in the Gospel of John, see Severino Pancaro, The Law in the Fourth Gospel:
The Torah and the Gospel, Moses and Jesus, Judaism and Christianity according to John
(Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1975).
- 40 -
a. (qeothj, deitas)
( 1:14; 2:6; 2:14-15).
( 2:9) .

. . 2
() .
(ejgevneto) .
.
. .
b.
(impassibilitas)
(ineffabilitas) ?
() .
.
,
.
.
6.2. :
6.2.1.
a. .
b. .

(, 4.162).
c.
( 5:3-12; 8:32-33).
6.2.2. ( ).
- 41 -
24:26). .
secondary causality .
( 16:21- 8:31- 9:22; 17:22-23; 20:18-19;
17:25; 24:7), ( 26:31; 26:54, 56;
24:44; 3:14), ( 17:3).
6.2.3.
C.
. ( 5:21),
53:12).
.
.
( 27:46; 22).
6.2.4. : homo doloris
1) (homo solitarius):
. .
a. ( 5:1-20; 8:28-34; 8:26-39).
b. ( 14:32-42; 26:36-46)
c. ( 6:13; 18:33-37)
d. ( 27:46- 15:34- 22:1)
e.
( 4:25).
( 2:2).
2) :
.
.
a. ( 4:16-30)
b. ( 11:54-57)
c.
27:20-26;
- 42 -
15:11-15;
23:18-25;
19:28-40)
6.2.5.
*
:
. ,

143
144
146
145
( 1:27).
() ( 1:31, 33),
( 1:33)
( 1:29).
( 3:21; 3:16;
1:10). 61:1-2
( 1:17-18, 21).
(o` uioj mou o` avgaphtoj)( 3:17; 1:11;
3:22):
.
. ( 7:14; 28:6). .
, .
143
Comm. Matt. 3:13 (1.130, CO 45.125): . . . baptismi ratio fuit Christo, ut plenam
obedientiam praestaret patri: specialis autem, ut baptismum consecraret in suo ipsius corpore, ut
nobis communis cum eo esset.
144 Comm. Lk. 2:21 (1.81, CO 45.80). Calvin points out the twofold meaning of Christs
circumcision, which is related to Christs obedience to the lawGod wished His Son to be
circumcised that He might come under the Law, for circumcision was a solemn symbol by
which Jews were initiated into the observance of the Lawand Christs abrogation or fulfilment
of the law Though its [the laws] abrogation depends on the death and resurrection of Christ,
this was something of a preliminary, that Gods Son underwent circumcision.
145 Comm. Matt. 4:1-2 (1.133-136, CO 45.128-131). Calvin, commenting on the
temptation, emphasizes Christs intervention for us: Christ was tempted as the Representative
(persona) of all the faithful (135, CO 45.130).
146 Cf. Comm. Lk. 2:22-24 (1.89-90, CO 45.87-89); Lk. 2:49 (1.109, CO 45.106-107);
Lk. 4:16-22 (1.146-147, CO 45.140-143); Matt. 8:1-4 (1.242-246, CO 45.230-233). For Christs
observance of the law, see Max Dominic, Lhumanit de Jsus daprs Calvin (Paris: ditions
Je Sers, 1933), 159-174.
- 43 -
(w` euvdokhsa)( 3:17; 1:11; 3:22):

.
, .
.
(emeinen, 1:32),
(Ou gar metrou didwsin to peuma, 3:34).
, ,
( 1:33). ( 3:16; 1:8) ( 2:17-18;
10:45). ( 10:47; 19:2), ( 11:17; 15:8),
(1:8) .
( 3:14)
( 2:27; 3:24; 4:13).
( 1:4)
( 1:4; 24:49; 2:33)
( 14:16; 14:26; 16:7). (
15:26) ( )( 16:14-15)
,
.
6.2.6. (peirasmoj)
( 22:28) .
* 22:28, .
a. ( 4:1-11; 1:12-13; 4:1-13):
2 .
b. ( 22:39-46; 26:36-46; 14:32-42):
( 5:12, 17),
( 5:17-19).
6.2.7.
a. ( ,
4:4).
- 44 -
b.
2:13)
(poihthj) (
4:5). (oboedientia activa) .
c. .
( 6:23; 2:17),

( 5:18-21).
(oboedientia passiva) . *
.
- 45 -
7 (foedus novum)
7.1
tyrIB] 280
, (disposition) (arrangement)
( 21:27; 24:25;
18:3; 20:16; 20:34 ).
( 15:18; 17:13 ,
147
).
148
33
6:7
, ,
(tyrIB] tr''K;, o`rkia temnein, foedus ferire, cf. 15:8 ff.; 34:19
ff.) ()
149
( 17:11; 9:22) .
21:22ff., 26:26ff., 31:44ff. tyrIB] tr''K;

: , ; ,
; , .

(qxo) ( 34:10; 59:21; 33:20 [cf. 31:36]; 34:13).
(tyrIB] ).

. (bilateral)
(unilateral)
(m[)
(!yb) (l)
. .

( 17:1-2; 19:5-6, 8; 24:3, 7; 26:14ff.; 5:29; 27:10ff.;
28:1ff.; 30:1ff. ). (
147
Cf. O. Palmer Robertson, The Christ of the Covenants, p. 13, n. 3, 4.

Robertson, Ibid., 25-34.
149 Robertson . Ibid.,
11-24. tyrIB (hrb) .
Cf. Bavinck, RD. 3.203.
148
- 46 -
26:40-44; 4:31; 30:1ff.; 32:36ff.; 2:1; 13:23; 81:8, 11; 89:1-5;

105:8-10; 106:45; 111:5; 1:3; 5:13; 54:10; 18:5-10; 33:10-16;
6:1-3; 11:7-9; 14:2-9; 2:12-14).
(
150
6:17), ( 22:16; 51:14; 6:8).
70 tyrIB sunqhkh
diaqhvkh 33 . diaqhvkh diativqhmi(to arrange)
(disposition)
(arrangement)
70

. foedus pactum
testamentum
70
,
,

sunqhkh
diaqhvkh
diaqhvkh
testamentum 9:16-17 (
3:17-18 .
).

.

(fides obsequiosa)
.
(conditionality)
(conditio)
(mutuality)
(conditionality) . ,
150
Bavinck, RD. 3.203-204.

- 47 -

151
(oeconomia, dispensation, administratio)

(substantia)
152
(unitas
et
continuitas)
.
,
()
() .
,

.

(Ursinus)
(Olevianus)
(Perkins) (John Ball)

(Thomas Boston)
( 7) .
.

. (avfesij)
(paresij) .
.
C. Hodge. 2.354-357.
Bavinck, RD. 3.223. The Old and the New Testaments are in essence one
covenant(Luke 1:68-79; Acts 2:39; 3:25). They have one gospel(Rom. 1:2; Gal. 3:8; Hed. 4:2;
6:2; 2 Tim. 3:15); one mediator, namely Christ, who existed also in the days of the Old
Testament(John 1:1, 14; 8:58; Rom. 8:3; 2 Cor. 8:9; Gal. 4:4; Phil. 2:6 etc.), exercised his office
of mediator(John 8:56; 1 Cor. 10:4; 1 Pet. 1:11; 3:19; Heb. 13:8), and is the only mediator for
all humans and in all times(John 14:6; Acts 4:12; 1 Tim. 2:5). It included one faith as the way
of salvation(Matt. 13:17; Acts 10:43; 15:11; Rom. 4:11; Gal. 3:6-7; Heb. 11); the same promises
and benefits of Gods communion(2 Cor. 6:16; Rev. 21:3), forgiveness, justification(Acts 10:43;
Rom. 4:22), and eternal life(Matt. 22:32; Gal. 3:18; Heb. 9:15; 11:10, etc.). The road was the
same on which believers in the Old and the New Testaments walked, but the light in which
they walked was different. The Old and the New Tesatments as different dispensations of the
same covenant of grace are related as promise and fulfillment(Acts 13:32; Rom. 1:2), as shadow
and substance(Col. 2:17), as the letter that kills and the Spirit that makes alive(2 Cor. 3:6ff.), as
servitude and freedom(Rom. 8:15; Gal. 4:1ff., 22ff.; Col. 2:20; Heb. 12:18ff.), as particular and
universal(John 4:21; Acts 10:35; 14:16; Gal. 4:4-5; 6:15; Eph. 2:14; 3:6).
151
152
- 48 -
.
.
() .
.
(pactum
salutis)
153
[ ]
, ,
via
moderna
Duns Scotus (pactum)

(potentia Dei, voluntas Dei)
. facientibus quod in se est Deus non denegat gratiam
synergism (meritum Christi)
.
(decretum)
154
,

155
Olevianus.
theologians)
(forensic),
(foedus,
(the
pactum,
post-Reformation
testamentum)
(normative)
Reformed
.
, (continuity)
153
Bavinck, RD. 3.210-211.

Cf. Moon, Lex Dei Regula Vivendi et Vivificandi.
155 Cf. Lyle D. Bierma, German Calvinism in the Confessional Age: The Covenant
Theology of Caspar Olevianus (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1996).
154
- 49 -
(decretum) ,
(atonement) (officium) ,
(bona opera legis)
156
(Bullinger)
(two Reformed
traditions)
sola gratia

157
(federal
theologians) .
() (the unilateral feature of the covenant)
(foedus legale) (foedus gratiae)
158
(, legal administration) .
(mutuality)
(conditionality)
159
(pactum salutis) .
The issue of the two traditions is suggested by J. Wayne Baker in his book
Heinrich Bullinger and the Covenant: The Other Reformed Tradition (Athens, Ohio: Ohio
University Press, 1980), and Heinrich Bullinger, the Covenant, and the Reformed Tradition in
Retrospect, SCJ 29/2 (1998), 359-376. Concerning the position opposed to Bakers, see Lyle D.
Bierma, Federal Theology in the Sixteenth Century: Two Traditions? WTJ 45 (1983), 304-321.
158 Cf. Lyle D. Bierma, German Calvinism in the Confessional Age: The Covenant
Theology of Caspar Olevianus (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1996), 150-153; Muller, The Covenant of
Works and the Stability of Divine Law in Seventeenth-Century Reformed Orthodoxy, 97.
159 Cf. Baker, Heinrich Bullinger and the Covenant, 34-39, 193-215; Robert Letham,
Faith and Assurance in Early Calvinism: A Model of Continuity and Diversity, in Later
Calvinism, 355-384. Letham says, A conditional covenant of grace may be the major single
factor in precipitating a separation between faith and assurance. A line exists from Bullinger via
Musculus and Ursinus to Rollock and Perkins (383). As Richard A. Muller notes, Baker,
treating this agenda, does not take proper consideration of Calvins exegetical works. The
Unaccommodated Calvin (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 155.
(Paul Helm) < > (Calvin and the Calvinists)
. (William Perkins) (William
Ames)
(Theodore Beza) R. T. (Kendall)
. ,
() (the law before the gospel) () (the
156
157
- 50 -
(Reformed Orthodoxy)
() ()

(precedence) (Zwingli)
160
sola gratia
(decretum)
161
16 (poenitentia) (1537-1540),
(adiaphora) (1548-1552),
162
(1556-1557) .

(the
whole
divine
(Heilsgeschichte)
oeconomia)
(personal
salvation)
() ,
163
gospel before the law) . Paul

Helm, Calvin and the Calvinists (Edinburgh: Banner of Truth, 1982), 5-6, 9, 61-70, and Calvin
and the Covenant: Unity and Continuity, Evangelical Quarterly 55/2 (1983), 65-81.
160 W. P. Stephens, Zwingli: An Introduction to His Thought (Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1992), 71. For details, see id., The Theology of Huldrych Zwingli (Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1986), 154-69. Concerning the gospel-law order in Zwinglis De vera et falsa religione
commentarius and its influence on Calvins theology, Muller, The Unaccommodated Calvin,
124-127.
161 By referring to their concept of the absolute and ordained will of God, the late
medieval nominalists, who followed the Franciscan theological tradition, tried to explain the
compatibility between the covenantal (or conditional) acceptance of God and the principle of sola
gratia. Cf. Heiko A. Oberman, Wir Sein Pettler. Hoc Est Verum. Covenant and Grace in the
Theology of the Middle Ages and Reformation, in The Reformation: Roots and Ramifications,
tr. Andrew Colin Gow (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994), 91-115; Alister E. McGrath, The
Intellectual Origins of the European Reformation (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1987), 75-85.
162 For the Lutherans controversies over the law and the formation of their concept of
the third use of the law, see Wilfred Joest, Gesetz und Freiheit: Das Problem des tertius usus
legis bei Luther und in der neutestamentlichen Paranese, fourth ed. (Gttingen: Vandenhoeck &
Ruprecht, 1968), 45-55; Gerhard Ebeling, On the Doctrine of the Triplex Usus Legis in the
Theology of the Reformation, in Word and Faith, tr. James W. Leitch (London: SCM Press,
1963), 62-78; Timothy J. Wengert, Law and Gospel: Philip Melanchthons Debate with John
Agricola of Eisleben over Poenitentia (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1997), 177-210.
163 For the formation and influence of Luthers law-gospel doctrine, see Thomas A.
McDonough, The Law and the Gospel in Luther: A Study of Martin Luthers Confessional
Writings (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1963), 26-38.
- 51 -
.
(praesentia) : ()
, ,
.
164
(Inst. 2.12.1,
CO
165
2.340).
166
.
(obiectum) (Inst. 2.6.2, CO
2.250).
.
.
167
168
.
,

169
,
. (originaliter)
164 Second Reply to Stancaro, 147 (CO 9.350): [Nam] certe aeternus iam ab
initio ante lapsum Adae, et alienationem ac dissidium humani generis a Deo, fuit mediator.
165 Quamvis ab omni labe integer stetisset homo, humilior tamen erat eius conditio
quam ut sine mediatore ad Deum penetraret. . Tylenda, First Response to Sancaro, 12
(CO 9.338): Unde colligimus non modo post Adae lapsum fungi coepisse mediatoris officio, sed
quatenus aeternus Dei sermo est, eius gratia coniunctos fuisse Deo tam angelos quam homines, ut
integri perstarent.
166 . Comm. Gen. 18:13 (1.475, CO 23.254); Ex. 3:2 (1.61, CO 24.35-36); Isa.
19:20 (2.75, CO 36.344); Isa. 63:17 (4.359, CO 37.405); Matt. 1:23 (1.69, CO 45.69); Jn. 5:46
(1.143, CO 47.129); Jn. 16:23-24 (2.125-128, CO 47.367-369); Jn. 16:26 (2.129-130, CO 47,371);
Heb. 8:5 (107, CO 55.99); Serm. Matt. 26:36-39 (65, CO 46.846); Matt. 26:67-27:10 (114, CO
46.886); Gal. 3:13-14 (407-408, 412, CO 50.515, 518); Gal. 3:15-18 (423-437, CO 525-534).
167
Comm. Gen. 2:16 (125, CO 23.44): . . . the only rule of living well and rationally
(unica bene et cum ratione vivendi regula), that men should exercise themselves in obeying
God.
168 Comm. Ex. 19:1-2 (1.313, CO 24.192).
169 The Preface, CTS 2/1.xvi-xvii. Calvin tends to equate the law of God with the
moral law, e.g., Inst. 4.20.16 (CO2.1106).
- 52 -
(accidentale)[ -
] (ministram mortis) .
170
lex vivendi (natura) (officium)

. ,
( ) ( )

171
172
(ab initio mundi)

(eadem lege atque doctrinae eiusdem quae inter
nos viget vinculo fuisse ei foederatos)
(eiusdem mediatoris gratia) (Inst. 2.10.1, CO
2.313). (substantia et re ipsa)
,
(sola
Dei
vocantis
misericordia)
(foedus) , (Inst.
2.10.2,
CO
2.314).
( 8:56) ( 13:8)
,
(gratuita
Dei
misercordia
constitisse
et
Christi
intercessione
fuisse
confirmatum) . .
(evangelii foedus)
?( Inst. 2.10.4, CO 2.315).
(prima salutis promissio)
, ,
170
171
172
Comm. Gen. 2:16 (126, CO 23.45); Gen. 3:8 (161, CO 23.65).

Serm. Eph. 1:15 (84-87, CO 51.312-315).
Serm. Lk. 1:75 (CO 46.189-190). Cf. Serm. Isa. 32:6 (SC 3.120-122).
- 53 -
(misercordiae foedere)
(Inst.
2.10.7-22, 2.10.20, CO 2.326).

(foederis sui pignus)
(Inst. 2.10.23, CO 2.328).
(substantia)
(administratio) (Inst. 2.11.1, CO 2.329).
(foedus
legale)
(foedus evangelicum)
(Foedus ergo quod aeternum et nunquam interiturum semel sancivit, in medio

statuamus. Illius complementum, unde tandem habet ut statum ratumque sit, Christus
est) (Inst. 2.11.4, CO 2.332).

.
.

.
foedus misercordiae(Inst. 2.10.20; 2.11.11) foedus gratiae(Inst. 2.11.11, CO
2.337) .
.

.

.
.
.
.
,
.
- 54 -
.

( ),

.
promissio-perfectio analogia umbra-substantia analogia
.
(gratuitum foedus) (Inst.
2.7.1, CO 2.253). praeceptum
promissio .

.
.
7.2.
7.2.1. (pactum operum)
173
Consensus Helvetica) .
(Formula
174
7.3: Man, by his fall, having made himself incapable of

life by that covenant [i.e., by the covenant of works], the Lord was pleased to make a second,
commonly called the covenant of grace; wherein He freely offereth unto sinners life and
salvation by Jesus Christ, requiring of them faith in Him, that they may be saved, and promising
to give unto all those that are ordained unto life, his Holy Spirit, to make them willing and able
to believe. 20: God having out of his mere good pleasure, from all eternity,
elected some to everlasting life, did enter into a covenant of grace, to deliver them out of the
estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation by a Redeemer.
174
. Saumur Joshua Placeus New England Root
Theory . Jonathan Edwards .
173
- 55 -
.

.
. .

. 1)
( 5:12-21). 2)
. 3)
.

.

.
175
.

( 7:10; 10:5; 3:13).

( 18:5; 10:5; 3:12),

176
7.2.2. (pactum salutis)
,
. [ ],
2.137-139.
175 Bavinck, RD 3.225. . . . the covenant of grace. . . . It was his condescending
goodness, and thus also grace in a general sense, that prompted him to grant this covenant to
human beings.
176 Cf. Chul-won Suh, A New Thought on Covenant Doctrine, CTJ(1997), 98-127.
- 56 -

( 1:3-14; 3:11; 2:13; 1:9; 2:5; 1:2).

.
,
C.
A.
A.
177
(31) .
With whom was the covenant of grace made? The covenant of grace was made with
Christ as the second Adam, and in Him with all the elect as his seed.
,
. ( 2:49; 17:4),
( 17:18; 4:4; 4:9-10),
( 5:15-21; 10:10) .

(C. ,
2.361-362). (e;gguoj, 7:22) (
5:12-21; 15:22) . ,
,
.
.
.
7.2.3. (foedus gratiae)
(
3:15-18)

177 Turrettin: Prius pactum est, quod inter Patrem et Filium intercedit, ad opus
redemptionis exequendum. Posterius est, quod Deus cum electis in Christo contrahit, de illis per
et propter Christum salvandis sub conditione fidei et resipiscentiae. Prius fit cum Sponsore et
capite ad salutem membrorum: Posterius fit cum membris in capite et sponsore. Witsius: Ut
foederis gratiae natura penitius perspecta sit, duo imprimis distincte consideranda sunt. (1.)
Pactum, quod inter Deum Patrem et mediatorem Christum intercedit. (2.) Testamentaria illa
dispositio, qua Deus electis salutem aeternam, et omnia eo pertinentia, immutabili foedere addicit.
Prior convention Dei cum mediatore est: posterior Dei cum electis. Haec illam supponit, et in
illa fundatur. C. Hodge, 2.359.
- 57 -
. .
(conditio sine qua
non).

.
,

.

,
.
,
178
3:29).
(mesi,thj, 70 9:33 , )
. .
. ( 17:1) ,
( 19:5; 20:1), ( 29:13), ( 7:14),
( 31:33; 8:10) .
( 13:8). (
14:6). ( 3:16).
( 8:17; 3:29; 4:1, 7; 3:7;
6:17; 11:7; 2:5). (
8:17).
. ,
178
Bavinck, RD 3.198, 200. Cf. Irenaeus, Against Heresies, III.23.6. God instituted death so that
sin would not be immortal.
- 58 -
. .
.
179
.
.
( 3:21).
( 3:28).
.
.
7.3
7.3.1.

,

(iustitia)

.
.

.
179 Turrettin: Foedus hoc gratiae est pactum gratuitum inter Deum offensum et hominem
offendentem in Christo initum, in quo Deus homini gratis propter Christum remissionem
peccatorum et salutem pollicetur, homo vero eadem gratia fretus pollicetur fidem et obedientiam.
Westminster Confession 7.3: Man, by his fall, having made himself incapable of life by that
covenant [namely, by the covenant of works], the Lord was pleased to make a second,
commonly called the covenant of grace: wherein He freely offereth unto sinners [and all sinners]
life and salvation by Jesus Christ, requiring of them faith in Him, that they may be saved, and
promising to give unto all those that are ordained unto life, his Holy Spirit, to make them able
and willing to believe. C. , 2.363.
- 59 -
.

.

.

: ( 9:8-11); ( 12:1-3; 17:2, 4-8); (
19:5-6; 26:9); ( 24:21-25); (
11:17-18; 23:16-17); ( 23:2-3; 34:30-32);
( 31:31-33).
- (the God-world relation) -
(the Creator-creature relation) .
.
( 8:21-22; 9:9-17).
(Creator)
(Re-creator) .

,
.

(regula vivendi pie et iuste) .
,
. ,
( 20:2).
.
( 4:31; 32:26ff.; 2:1;

89:1-5; 105:8; 111:5; 54:10; 11:1-2; 1:20).
. The law of Moses is
not antithetical to grace but subservient to it and was also thus understood and praised
in every age by Israels pious men and women. . . . the law was subservient to the
- 60 -
covenant of grace; it was not a covenant of works in disguise and did not intend that
humans would obtain justification by their own works.
180

.
.

: ( 2:16-17); ( 18:19);
( 19:4-6); ( 7:8-16; 17:7-14); (
9:3-5); ( 31:31-33). (iustitia)
.
7.3.2. (foedus novum)
a. ( 31:31-33)
( 26:26-28; 14:22-24;
22:15-20; 7:21; 8:6-13; 9:11-15; 12:24).
(pignus)
( 8:6-13; 12:24; 13:20).

b.
.
(Filius incarnandus)
. .
c.
(Testamentum)
( 8:6; 9:15; 12:24).

d. ( 10:10-18; 9:15)
( 11:40).
e.
.
(adoptio filii) .
( 5:5; 1:13-14)
(remissio peccatorum et imputatio
180
Bavinck, RD 3.222.
- 61 -
iustitiae Christi) .
(perseverantia in fide finalis) .
f.
(humanity
in
Adam)
(humanity in Christ) .
.

. .
181
f. (gratia immerita)
( 2:8-9) .

.
g. (auctor salutis)
.
h. (pactum salutis)
( 7:21; 8:6-13; 9:11-15; 12:24).

( 22:20).
[]
1) . ,
.
,
.

.
.
. .
(diaqh,khj mesi,thj).
2) (foedus
redemptionis)
181
(consilium
Bavinck, RD 3.226-227.
- 62 -
redemptionis)
. .
.
.
3)
.
.

.
.
( 8:20-9:17)
.

182

( 15; 17). ( 18:5;
27:26;
3:7,
8),
(praesentia)
(repraesentatio) . []
[] tota gratia .

.
vis()
Da
quod
iubes
et
iubes
(sacerdos)
(sacrificium) ( 19:30)
.
(bv'j;,
logizomaii)
(poena)
(corruptio)
(remissio peccatorum)
.
4)
() .
( 31:31; 8:8; 13) (
182
Bavinck, RD 3.225.
- 63 -
4; 3) .
. .
( )
( )

( ) .

( )
.

( ) ( 37:24-28).
- 64 -
[]
(Christus Substantia Foederis):

1.
(James Dunn)
(a new perspective) .

,
(a more effective version) .
183
.
;
;
.
(covenantal monism)
(E. P. Sanders)
.
184

.
/ /

.
185
183
James D. G. Dunn, Judaism and Christianity: One Covenant or Two? in Mark J.

Cartledge and David Mills, ed., Covenant Theology: Contemporary Approaches (Carlisle, UK:
Paternoster, 2001), 1988Milt Dunn, 33-55, 53.
184
( 2)
.

, ,
. . Cf. Seyoon Kim,
Paul and the New Perspective: Second Thoughts on the Origin of Pauls Gospel (Grand Rapids:
Eerdmans, 2002), 1-84, 3, 34-35.
185 Cf. Eugene M. Osterhaven, Calvin and Federal Theology, in Donald K. McKim,
ed., Readings in Calvins Theology (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1984), 89-90, 98-106; Anthony A.
- 65 -
()
.

.
,

.
186

(Francis Turretin, 1623-1687)
.
187
(scholastic)
188
) Institutio theologiae elenticae

.
189
190
191
(locus)
Hoekema, The Covenant of Grace in Calvins Teaching, Calvin Theological Journal 2 (1967),
136. (2.6)
(2.7-8) (2.12-17) /
/ . ordo docendi
(unitas) . Institutio
christianae religionis . . . , 1559 . Institutes of the
Christian Religion, ed. John T. McNeill, tr. Ford Lewis Battles, Library of Christian Classics,
vols. 20-21 (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960), 2.9-11, Calvini Opera 2.309-340.
186 , ,

. Stephen Westerholm, Perspectives Old
and New on Paul: The Lutheran Paul and His Critics (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2004).
187 , Robert L. Reymond, A New
nd
Systematic Theology of the Christian Faith, 2 ed. (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1998), 503-544
(The Unity of the Covenant of Grace).
188 Richard C. Gamble, Switzerland: Triumph and Decline, in W. Stanford Reid, ed.,
John Calvin: His Influence in the Western World (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1982), 70.
189 , Earl W. Kennedy, An Historical Analysis of Charles Hodges
Doctrines of Sin and Particular Grace, Ph. D. dissertation, Princeton Seminary, 1969; John
Walter Beardslee III, Theological Development at Geneva under Francis and Jean-Alphonse
Turretin (1648-1737), Ph. D. dissertation, Vanderbilt University, 1986.
190 Stephen R. Spencer, Francis Turretins Concept of the Covenant of Nature, in Later
Calvinism: International Perspectives, ed. W. Fred Graham (Kirksville, Mo.: Sixteenth Century
Essays & Studies, 1994), 71-91; Stephen J. Grabill, Rediscovering the Natural Law in Reformed
Theological Ethics (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2006), 151-174.
191 Martin
I. Klauber, Between Reformed Scholasticism and Pan-Protestantism:
Jean-Alphonse Turretin(1671-1737) and Enlightened Orthodoxy at the Academy of Geneva
- 66 -
192
193
.
(substantia) (essentia)
(oeconomia)
De oeconomia
foederum Dei cum hominibus (Herman Witsius, 1636-1708) .
: ,
; , ; ,
.
194
, ,
.

. .

.
: (materia);
(instrument);
195
(efficacia) (persuasio,
affectus).
.
196
(London: Associated University Presses, 1994), 25-28.

192 Stephen Strehle, Calvinism, Federalism, and Scholasticism: A Study of the Reformed
Doctrine of Covenant (New York: Peter Lang, 1988), 301-314.
193 . Francisci
Turrettini, De satisfactione Christi disputationes, Genevae, 1667.
. De satisfactionis Christi necessitate, pars i-ii, 1-59; De satisfactionis Christi
veritate, pars i-ix, 60-303; De satisfactionis Christi perfectione, 305-361.
194 Herman Witsius, The Economy of the Covenants between God and Man:
Comprehending A Complete Body of Divinity, 2 vols., tr. William Crookshank (London: R.
Baynes, 1990), 3.2.1-2.
195 ( ), (),
( ), ( ) .
.
.
materia . Cf. Inst. 3.14.17,
21 (CO 2.575, 579). 3:24 (CO 49.61) .
5:19 (CO 49.101) (iustitia)
(proprium) causa materialis .
196
. J. Mark Beach,
Christ and the Covenant: Francis Turretins Federal Theology as a Defense of the Doctrine of
Grace (Gttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2007), 216-224.
- 67 -
2.

.
; , ,
.
197
, ,
, , (materia).
198

.

.
.
199
(satisfactio) .
, (res) . ,
. , (persona)
.
200
.
.
201
.
. (occasionaliter)
(finaliter) (meritorie) .
.
202
203

.
.
.
197
Francis Turretin, Institutes of Elenctic Theology, tr. George Musgrave Giger, ed.
James T. Dennison, Jr. 3 vols. (Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing, 1994), 12.2.5. Institutio
Theologiae Elencticae (New York: University Press, 1847), 2.156. Institutio Theologiae
Elencticae 12.2.5 (2.156) : Foedus hoc gratiae est pactum gratuitum inter Deum
offensum et hominem offendentem in Christo initum, in quo Deus homini gratis propter Christum
remissionem peccatorum et salutem pollicetur, homo vero eadem gratia fretus pollicetur fidem et
obedientiam. .
198 Turretin, Institutio Theologiae Elencticae 12.2.7 (2.156).
200 Turretin, Institutio Theologiae Elencticae 14.10.6-12 (2.368-371).
203 Turretin, Institutio Theologiae Elencticae 14.13.12 (2.394): Meruit ergo satisfaciendo,
et merendo satisfecit.
- 68 -
(satisfactoriam et meritoriam).
204

.
(obedientia passiva) (obedientia activa) .
205
206
(iustitia innocentiae) (perseverantiae)

.
207
208
. .
. : , ,
.
209

. (substantia foederis gratiae)
(foedus operum) .
, ,
, , .
210
(substantiam federalem) . (modum

dispensationis) .
211
, ,
, .
212
204
Turretin, Institutio Theologiae Elencticae 14.13.10 (2.393).

cf. , Herman Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics,
vol. 3, Sin and Salvation in Christ, ed. John Bolt, tr. John Vriend (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2006),
345; Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, vol. 2, rep. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995), 489-496.
208 Turretin, Institutio Theologiae Elencticae 14.13.29 (2.398-399).
(partes essentiales foederis) .
205
- 69 -
213
.

(efficaciam) .
214
215
(unitas) (continuitas)
.
: ;
(oeconomia, administratio, dispensatio) .
216
(identitas, )
. ,

. 3:17
(diaqhkhn procecurwmenhn u`po tou Qeou eivj Kriston)
.
217
,
.
,
( 22:32)
.
218
, (identitas) .
(, praesentia)
.
.
. ( 4:12)
. ,
.
219
, .
213
Turretin, Institutio Theologiae Elencticae 12.5.6 (2.172-173).

216 . Cf.
Turretin, Institutio Theologiae Elencticae 12.5.5 (2.172), 12.5.26 (2.178-179).
217 Turretin, Institutio Theologiae Elencticae 12.5.7 (2.173): foedus primo ratificatum a
Deo in Christo.
214
- 70 -
, .

.
220
, . ( 13:32)
.
.

. ( 19:25)
.
221
, (substantia) .
.
(sigilla foederis) . (sigillum
iustitiae fidei) (
4:11) .

. (significatio)
.
222
,
. ( 3:24)
( 3:24) .
(ex morali)
. (ex forensi)
.
. (ex coeremoniali) (typus) (forma)
.
223

(essentia) .
224
() ;
.
(scopus praecipuus et anima) .
225
(objectum) .
220
221
222
223
224
225
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
- 71 -
12.5.14 (2.175).
12.5.15-20 (2.175-177).
12.5.21-22 (2.177-178).
12.5.23 (2.178).
12.12.5 (2.232); 12.12.18-19(2.235).
12.12.20 (2.235-236).
226
227
(legalis) (suavior)
(evangelica) .
228
(oeconomiam paedagogiae legalis) (veratatem promissionis

Evangelicae) .
.
229
230

. , ,

. .
; .

. ; ,
, ( 3:31).
.
.
231
3.
() ()
.
(materia)
() .
226

231 Turretin, Institutio Theologiae Elencticae 12.12.22 (2.236): . . . atque ita quod
exigebatur a nobis in foedere operum, impletur per Christum in foedere gratiae. Nec absurdum
est hoc pacto iustificationem fieri per opera et per fidem, per opera Christi, et per fidem
nostram. Atque ita suavi harmonia Lex et Evangelium simul concurrunt in hoc foedere; Lex non
administratur sine Evangelio, nec Evangelium sine Lege, ut sit veluti Legale Evangelium, et Lex
Evangelica Evangelium plenum obedientia, et Lex plena fide. Sic Evangelium non destruit
Legem, sed eam stabilit, Rom. Iii. 31, dando nobis Christum, qui perfecte eam implevit. Et Lex
non est contra Evangelium, cum ad illud ut ad fidem suum respiciat et nos manuducat.
227
- 72 -
.

.
. (identitas) (objectus)
.
232
( 23:20, 21; 18:18, 19; 2:12; 5:1, 5).

( 12:1, 2;
4:12).
.
233
(perpetuitas) (fidei constantiam)
234
. ,
() (actus dispositorius) . ,
(iustificatorius) . ,

(consolatorius) .
.
.
235
(causa instrumentalis)
. (meritum Christi)
. (fiducia)
(in persuasione de Satisfactione plenissima Christi) .
.
236

.
.
238
237
(vas)
(caput) . []
, .
.
.
239
,
.
240
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
- 73 -
12.5.10
12.5.14
12.5.10
15.12.4
15.12.6
17.1.19
17.1.18
17.1.17
17.1.16
(2.174).
(2.175).
(2.174).
(2.507).
(2.508).
(2.612).
(2.612).
(2.612).
(2.611-612).
(radix et principium) . (medium ad

finem) . (tota oeconomia Gratiae) .
241
.

(Perseverantia fidei) .
242
243
(quoad gradum et sensum)

(quoad substantiam) .
.
245
244
(conditio) (a
priori) (a posteriori)
(concomitanter et consequenter) . (conditionatum)
.
246

.
. ,
. (persuasio)
.
.
. .
(fides unionis) .
247
(communio)
248
. .
.
. (fides
debet esse per charitatem efficax)( 5:6).
249
4. (affectus)
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Turretin,
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Institutio
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Theologiae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
Elencticae
- 74 -
17.1.19 (2.612).
17.1.21 (2.612).
16.10.2 (2.603).
17.10.4 (2.603).
15.2.19 (2.447).
12.3.2 (2.165).
12.3.11-13 (2.166-167), 12.3.13 (2.167).
12.3.14 (2.167-168).
12.3.15-17 (2.168-169).

.
.
.
.
.
.
. (obiectus)

.
.
.
(sessio)
.
.
250
251
.
(quoad personam, sed non
quoad naturam) :
252
(proprie Personae Christi competere secundum utramque naturam).
253
[ ] (Officii
Mediatorii administratio) .
254

(subiective) (denominative)
.
255
. . 2
.
hypostatica) .
.
257
256
(ab
unione
(oeconomice)
250
Turretin, Institutio Theologiae Elencticae 13.17.7 (2.321): . . .

iustificationem, ut testatur sibi plene satisfactum esse per ipsum.
251 Turretin, Institutio Theologiae Elencticae 13.18.7, 8; 19.2, 3 (2.321, 322).
- 75 -
ad
nostri
258
259
(ta proj ton Qeon)

(ta proj h`maj) .
260
(via, ) (veritas, ) (vita, )
261
, , (Annunciatio, Acquisitio, Applicatio) .

262
. .
263

.
(quoad substantiam ipsam) (formam et
modum administrationis) .
264
(satisfactio) . .
(intercessio)
.
.
265
(acquisitio)
(applicatio), (conservatio) .
266
(per modum suffragii)

(per modum iurisdictionis) .
(vi et efficacia)
.
267
.

.
268
(perpetuae nostrae communionis cum

Deo)
269
257

259 Turretin, Institutio Theologiae Elencticae 14.2 (2.334-339).
265 Turretin, Institutio Theologiae Elencticae 14.15.2 (2.424). Cf. John Murray, Collected
Writings of John Murry, Vol. 2, The Claims of Truth (Carlisle, PE: Banner of Truth, 1977),
62-76. .
266 Turretin, Institutio Theologiae Elencticae 14.17.4 (2.431); 14.15.2 (2.424).
258
- 76 -
. ,
(confirmatur ex natura unionis
fidelium cum Christo).
270
5. : -
, ,

.
(causa materialis) (causa instrumenti)
.
,
.
.

:
.
271
(pro Evangelio promissio),

(pro Evangelio completo) . evpagglia , euvagglion
. ,
,
272
(principium doctrinae de gratia Dei in Christo) .
273
. ,
(evgguoj) ( 7:22) ,
274
(sponsio) (fideiussor)
(expromissor) .
275
( 4:11)
( 10:4)

269
270

Turretin, Institutio Theologiae Elencticae 15.16.16-18 (2.527-528). , 15.16.17
(2.527).
271 Cf. Strehle, Calvinism, Federalism, and Scholasticism: A Study of the Reformed
Doctrine of Covenant, 310-313.
- 77 -
276
(
5:15, 21) .
277

.
.
278
, ,
(intercessio) (repraesentatio)
.
(corpus) (umbra) (, praesentia)
. 2
.
.
.
.

. .
.

.
16
17
.

,
279
280
()
276

, 12.9.9 (2.215).
279 Cf. James B. Torrance, The Concept of Federal TheologyWas Calvin a Federal
Theologian? in Calvinus Sacrae Scripturae Professor: Calvin as Confessor of Holy Scripture, ed.
Wilhelm H. Neuser (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994), 15-40.
280
R. T. Kendall, Calvin and English Calvinism to 1649 (New York:
HarperSanFrancisco, 1978), 201-204. . Paul Helm,
Calvin and the Calvinists (Edinburgh: Banner of Truth, 1982), 5-6, 9, 61-70, and Calvin and
the Covenant: Unity and Continuity, Evangelical Quarterly 55/2 (1983), 65-81.
277
- 78 -
281
,

.
282
.
(Michael S. Horton) .
, ,
.

.
.
283
.
, .
284
.
,

.
285

. .
(unitas)
281 Stephen Strehle, Calvinism, Augustinianism, and the Will of God, Theologische
Zeitschrift 48/2 (1992), 221-237.
282
. Cf. Lyle D. Bierma, German Calvinism in the
Confessional Age: The Covenant Theology of Caspar Olevianus (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1996),
150-153; Federal Theology in the Sixteenth Century: Two Traditions? Westminster Theological
Journal 45 (1983), 317-321; Richard A. Muller, The Covenant of Works and the Stability of
Divine Law in Seventeenth-Century Reformed Orthodoxy: A Study in the Theology of Herman
Witsius and Wilhelmus Brakel, Calvin Theological Journal 29 (1994), 93-95.
, ,
, , , [ ] (: ,
2008), 89-126.
283 Michael S. Horton, Lord and Servant: A Covenant Christology (Louisville:
Westminster John Konx, 2005), 3-13, 16-17.
284 Michael S. Horton, Covenant and Salvation: Union with Christ (Louisville:
Westminster John Konx, 2007), 143 ff., 183 ff., 267 ff.
285 Michael S. Horton, Covenant and Eschatology: The Divine Drama (Louisville:
Westminster John Konx, 2002), 181-219.
. Cf. Geerhaedus
Vos, Biblical Theology: Old and New Testaments (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1948), 14, 16,
19-26.
- 79 -
.

.
286

287
288

.
.
289
290

(locus) sola Scriptura tota Scriptura
. .
(pactum salutis)
.
.
.
, .
291
() ( )

.
286
292
Inst. 3.11.5 (CO 2.536-537); 3.17.12 (CO 2.600).

Inst. 3.2.24 (CO 2.418): . . . quia Christus non eatra nos est, sed in nobis habitat,
nec solum individuo societatis nexu nobis adhaeret, sed mirabili quadam communione in unum
corpus nobiscum coalescit in dies magis ac magis, donec unum penitus nobiscum fiat.
288 Witsius, The Economy of the Covenants between God and Man, 3.7.25-26.
289 The Westminster Confession of Faith, 1647, in Philip Schaff, ed. The Creeds of
Christendom with a History and Critical Notes, Vol. 3, The Evangelical Protestant Creeds, Rep.
(Grand Rapids: Baker, 1996), 618 (7.6): Under the Gospel, when Christ the substance was
exhibited, . . . There are not, therefore, two covenants of grace differing in substance, but one
and the same under various dispensations; 628 (11.6): The justification of believers under the
Old Testament was, in all these respects, one the same with the justification of believers under
the New Testament.
290 , James B. Torrence, Strengths and
Weaknesses of the Westminster Theology, in Alasdair I. C. Heron, ed. The Westminster
Confession in the Church Today (Edinburgh: Saint Andrew Press, 1982), 49.
291 Richard Muller, Scholasticism Protestant and Catholic: Francis Turretin on the Object
and Principles of Theology, in After Calvin: Studies in the Development of a Theological
Tradition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), 144.
292 Cf. Beach, Christ and the Covenant: Francis Turretins Federal Theology as a
Defense of the Doctrine of Grace, 332-333.
287
- 80 -
8 293
8.1. (redemptio)
a.
( 25:23-28; 27:13-31). ( 3:9-13;
14:1-12). (ai`ma w`j
avmnon)( 1:19) (evxagorazw, -
) ( 3:13, 4:5).
(th.n
avpolu,trwsin)
(th.n
a;fesin
tw/n
paraptwma,twn) ( 1:7) (eivrhnopoih,saj) . . . . .

[]
(avpokatalla,xai)
5:9)
(eivj
h`meran
1:20),
avpolutrwsewj)
( 4:30) (lu,trwsin) ( 9:12) (thj

aivwniou klhronomiaj) ( 9:15).
(diaqhkhj kainhj mesithj) (laeG, klhronomoj).
b.
. ( 1:5; 8:32-36;
6:18, 22; 5:1). ( 4:1-5).
c.
( 9:22, cwri.j ai`matekcusi,aj ouv gi,netai

a;fesij). ( 17:11, rPek'y_ vp,N<B' aWh !D;h'AyKi]).
8.2.
a.
.

293Cf. B. B. Warfield, The New Testament Terminology of Redemption(2.327-372),
Redeemer and Redemption(2.375-398), Christ Our Sacrifice(2.401-435). C. Hodge, 2.
469-470, 478-479, 501-523.
.
- 81 -
.
.
294
(expiatio) (, propitiatio).
(
11:51-52).
( 26:62-64;
14:61-62; 22:67-70).
( 27:11, 22, 37; 15:2, 9, 26; 23:2-3, 38; 18:33-38),
(
18:33-38).
b. .
.
( 21:23) (ejxhgovrasen)
( 3:13). ( 6:23)

( 5:14- (u`per pantwn)
).
(dikaiosuvnh qeou) ( 5:21).

( 2:24).
c. ( )
9:22)
21:23).
19:36)
( 19:36). .
[ , , ]
(victima) ,
294 Expiation and propitiation are correlative terms. The sinner, or his guilt is expiated;
God, or justice, is propitiated. (expiatio) (propitiatio) to cover sin
rPeK;' to reconcile oneself to any one by expiation
iJlavskomai(propitium facio) to reconcilie katallavssw
. ac;n;(to remove or bear away) lutrovw, ajgoravzw(to purchase)
ejxagoravzw(to purchase from) . cf. C. Hodge, 2.
469-470, 478-479, 501-523.
- 82 -
, (ajpolmvtrwsin kai; ajntilutron kai; iJlasthvrion)

.
.
(non modo ad litationem valuit effusus Christi sanguis, sed
lavacri etiam vice fuit, ad sordes nostras purgandas)[cf. Eph. 5:26; Titus 3:5; Rev. 1:5]
(Inst. 2.16.6).
8.3. =
a. ( 3:25; 5:8-10;
5:18-19; 1:20-21; 2:2; 4:10).
(iJlasthvrion) ( 3:25)
(kathllavghmen)(
(iJlasmo;n)
5:10).
4:8-10)
( 5:8-11).
(avpokatallaxai)
,
( 1:20-22).
b.
( 2:2; 4:19;
3:25; 5:18-19; 2:16; 1:20, 22).
( 1:19) (ajntilutron) ( 2:6)
( 3:25; 5:9;
5:19-21; 1:14; 3:3-24; 2:22-24).
8.4. = (expiatio)
a. ( 53:7-12)
(pactum salutis)
, ([r;z,)( 21:12)
( 22:1-18).
- 83 -
( 3:16;
3:25-26; 13:23; 9:7; 11:18).

12:1-28;
23:5-14;
16:1-8).
( , , , ,
, , , . 1-7).
b.
.
( 1:29, 36; 5:7; 1:19; 5:6,
9-10, 12-13; 13:8) .
(avfapax)(
7:27;
9:12,
14,
26,
28;
10:10)
(dihnekhj)( 10:12)
( 10:18).
(skia) (eivkwn)
(teleiwsai) ( 10:1) ( 10:2)
( 10:3) ( 10:4,
11).
( 10:5-7- 40:6-8).
( 11:40)
c. ( 1:18-19; 2:6; 9:12-14; 10:19; 12:24; 1:5)
() () .

( 1:18-19; 2:6; 5:9).
(antilutro uper pantwn, 2:6).
( 53:10),
(
53:12). ( 5:7).
(timivw/ ai{mati wJ" ajmnou' ajmwvmou kai; ajspivlou Cristou)( 1:19).

.
( 17:11; 9:22).
( 9:14). ( 5:9)
( 1:5)
- 84 -
( 5:10).

( 5:21).

( 5:19-20).
c. ( 2:17; 4:14; 5:5, 10; 6:20; 7:17,
24-28; 8:1-2; 9:11-15, 24-28).
(sacerdos) (sacrificium) .
(
22:9-13) .

. ( 2:17)
( 2:10, 18).
( 1:3).
5:8-10,

.
.
) ( 1:2-3; 2:10; 3:3-6;
4:14) ( 5:6; 6:20; 7:16, 21).
7:24).
) .

( 7:26)
( 9:14), ( 10:5)
( 9:26)
( 10:12)
( 10:14).
( 4:16; 10:19).
)
( 9:11-12) [ ] (tw
proswpw tou qeou) .
- 85 -
(oJdo;n provsfaton kai; zw'san) ( 10:19-20)

.
8.5. = (satisfactio vicaria)

a.
.
( 3:18)
( 5:21) ( 2:6) . (
6:23) (
5:14).
b. .
(John Wesley) .
. 2:9
(uJpe;r panto;")

,
( 2:9-18).
c.
.
( 1:4)
( 3:5), ( 5:9),
( 2:14).
( 2:5; 2:12-15; 3:1; 4:9).
( 2:25),
( 8:11; 5:5).
(
5:18-21; 15:21-22).
8.6.
- 86 -
a. :
. (Seligkeit)
.
.
b. :
.
.
c. : .
d. : .
- 87 -
9.1.
(mortuus et sepultus)

.
(Inst. 2.16.7).
a. . .

. (
10:17-18). ( 19:31-37).

(o{te ou\n e[laben to; o[xo" (oJ) !Ihsou'" ei\pen, Tetevlestai, kai; klivna" th;n kefalh;n parevdw
ken to; pneu'ma ( 19:30).
b.
(unio personalis, hypostatic union) .

(consilium salutis) .
(substantia) (unio)
(persona)
(hypostasis)
(subsistentia)(unitas)
.
c. .
, .
d. ( 23:43),
.
e. ( 27:57-66; 15:42-47; 23:50-56; 19:38-42)
( 53:9).
f. .
( 12:40; 16:4) , ( 1:17).
- 88 -
6:2)
( 15:3-4).
g. ( 16:10; 2:27, 31;
13:34-37).
[ ]
a. ( 3:19).
b. .
c. ( 16:10; 2:27, 31; 13:34-37).
d.
(mortificatio) (vivificatio) .
( 6:5):
(eiv ga.r su,mfutoi gego,namen tw/| o`moiw,mati tou/
qana,tou auvtou/( avlla. kai. th/j avnasta,sewj evso,meqa).
9.2. (descensus ad inferos)

a.
(sepultus,tafenta)
(Aquileian, 390) descendit ad inferna(inferos) .
inferna
a{/dh(,
b.
. (mortuus et
sepultus et descensus ad inferos) (

De
symbolo
ad
catechumenos
,
. (summa
redemptionis)
(Inst.
- 89 -
2.16.8, CO 2.375).
.
(Limbus patrum)
( ) , 3:19(
)
(Inst.
2.16.9).
,
.
.
( 2:24) (spiritual pangs)
. .

(Inst. 2.16.10).
. .

.
. . (Hilary)
, , (crux, mors, inferi, nostra vita sunt).
(filius Dei in infernis
est; sed homo refertur ad coelum)(Inst. 2.16.11, CO 2.377). (Ambrose)
(Christi
tristitia)

(Inst. 2.16.12, CO 2.378).
.
.
. 5:19

.
, .
- 90 -
,
. ,
. 53:5

.
c.
( 23:40-43)
.
d.
(Limbus patrum)
.
.
e.

. .
295
[]
1. (50)
. Christs humiliation after his death consisted in his being
buried, and continuing in the state of the dead, and under the power of death till the
third day, which hath been otherwise expressed in these words, He descended into hell.
2. l/av] ( a{/dh, orcus rapax inferna
295 Form of Concord 9.2: Simpliciter credimus, quod tota persona (Christi), Deus et
homo, post sepulturam, ad inferos descenderit, Satanam devicerit, potestatem inferorum everterit,
et Diabolo omnem vim et potentiam eripuerit. Quomodo vero Christus id effecerit, non est ut
argutis et sublimibus imaginationibus scrutemur.
- 91 -
) . 37:35
(hl;aov] drea,e, 70 katabhvvsomai eij a{/dou, descendam
in infernum) 30:3( 30:4)
(ynIt'yYIji yvip]n" l/av]A@mi t;yli[>h, hw:hy_) l/av
16:10
2:27-31,
13:34-35):
.
3. 4:9
4.
3:16
(ejdikaiwvqh ejn pneuvmati, w[fqh ajggevloi") . . . (Deus

manifestatus in carne)
. (ajggevlo")
.
5. 3:18-19 . . .
(qanatwqei;" me;n sarki; zw/opoihqei;" de; pneuvmati ejn w|/ kai;

toi'" ejn fulakh'/ pneuvmasin poreuqei;" ejkhvruxen).

.
sarki; pneuvmati .
savrx
pneu'ma
(zw/opoihqei;" being preserved alive )

. 1:3 sarki; (kata; savrka)
pneuvmati (kata; pneu'ma)
(zw/opoihqei;" being quickened )
(analogia fidei)
. (khruvssein)
.
,
296
.
296
Beza, Novum Testamentum, 1 Pet. 3:19. (Geneva? 1565), 570. Christus, inquit
- 92 -
, ,
( 22:53).
( 8:20; 12:23, 27; 13:1; 17:1).
( 10:17-18)
. .
.
.
297
[apostolus], quem dixi virtute vivificatum, jam olim diebus Noe, quum appararetur arca, profectus
sive adveniens, e coelo videlicet, ne nunc primum putemus illum ecclesiae curam et
administrationem suscepisse adveniens, inquam, non corpore (quod nondum assumpserat), sed ea
ipsa virtute, per quam postea resurrexit, praedicavit spiritibus illis, qui nunc in carcere meritas
dant poenas, utpote qui recta monenti Noe . . . . parere olim recusarint.
297 Bavinck, Magnalia Dei, 381.
- 93 -
10 (Resurrectio et ascensio
Christi)
(communicatio
naturarum)
(communicatio
idiomatum) .
(kruvyis) (kevnwsi)
.

.
10.1. (resurrectio Christi)

a.
(
15:17) ( 15:14, 17). It is the
resurrection event that forms the hinge between the Jesus of history and the Christ of
faith.
298
(o]j paredo,qh dia. ta. paraptw,mata h`mw/n kai. hvge,rqh dia. th.n
dikai,wsin h`mw/n)( 4:25).

.
; .
.

(Euvloghto.j o` qeo.j kai. path.r tou/ kuri,ou h`mw/n VIhsou/ Cristou/( o` kata. to. polu.
auvtou/ e;leoj avnagennh,saj h`ma/j eivj evlpi,da zw/san diV avnasta,sewj VIhsou/ Cristou/ evk
nekrw/n)( 1:3).
298
()
F. F. Bruce, Jesus: Lord & Savior, 126.

- 94 -

( 13:4). ,
.

( 8:34)(Inst. 2.16.13).
( 9:1-19; 2:6;
1:15-17;
9:5).

( 1:11; 13:33).

( 1:4).
( 2:36).
( 2:38).
( 1:5),
( 7:15).
. .
b.
( 1:14) ( 2:11).
( 5:18) ( 2:24, 31-32; 3:15;
4:10; 5:30-31; 10:40; 13:30, 33-34, 37; 17:31; 4:24-25; 8:11; 10:9; 6:14; 15:15;
1:1; 1:20; 2:12; 1:10; 1:21),
299
( 11:25; 1:4; 14:9; 15:20-21; 4:14).
( 2:24).
. ( 7:30; 8:20;
19:11) .
299
- 95 -
( 5:18-19; 4:25).
,
300
( 2:14).

( 3:1-5; 6:4).
:
.
(Inst. 2.16.13).
.
, ()
()

.
.
. . .

(o] ga.r avpe,qanen( th/| a`marti,a| avpe,qanen
evfa,pax\ o] de. zh/|( zh/| tw/| qew/| ou[twj kai. u`mei/j logi,zesqe eàutou.j ei=nai nekrou.j me.n th/|
a`marti,a| zw/ntaj de. tw/| qew/| evn Cristw/| VIhsou/)( 6:10-11).
. . (
2:20).

(kai. u`pe.r pa,ntwn avpe,qanen( i[na oi` zw/ntej mhke,ti eàutoi/j zw/sin avlla. tw/|
u`pe.r auvtw/n avpoqano,nti kai. evgerqe,nti)( 5:15).
( 6:1 ).
. .
(eivj evlpi,da
zw/san) ( 1:3-5).
(su,mmorfon tw/| sw,mati th/j do,xhj auvtou/) ( 3:21)
300
Bavinck, Magnalia Dei, 384.

- 96 -
13:12)
6:8-10).
,
( 4:2; 6:5; 8:11; 15:12 ).
(diaqh,khj kainh/j mesi,thj)
(
9:14-15).
c.
.
.
(yuch.n zw/san)( 15:45) .
. ( 24:39) ,

( 24:31, 36; 20:13, 19; 21:7). (sw/ma
yuciko,n)
(sw/ma
3:31).
pneumatiko,n)(
15:44)

.
() .

( 1:13-18). ( 1:13,
18; 20:15-17, 20; 21:1-7, 12; 16:9; 28:9). (creatio nova)
(recreatio).
.
(avparch.
tw/n
kekoimhme,nwn) ( 15:20) ( 8:34;

15:22-24; 4:14; 2:12-13; 3:1; 2:5-6). (ajrrabwn)
[] ( 1:22; 5:5;
1:13-14; 4:30; 8:11).
.

( 1:5; 2:31; 5:17, 21; 6:23; 8:2; 15:22;
- 97 -
4:10-11; 3:3-4; 1:1, 20; 5:11-12; 5:20).

( 1:17-18).
. ( 28:18;
1:17-18; 2:33, 36; 5:31; 10:42; 14:9; 4:5; 2:9-11; 3:22).
(Adonai,
Kurio,
Dominus) ( 1:6, 21, 24; 2:36, 47; 4:33, ).

.
( 3:4-7; 3:21; 8:21; 5:17;
21:5). 3:7,
.
3:21, . 8:21,
. 5:17,
. 21:5, .
d.

( 16:10, 2:24-31).

( 13:34-37).
(16:21; 20:19; 10:17-18).

( 1:3).
.
(tou/ton to.n VIhsou/n
avne,sthsen o` qeo,j( ou- pa,ntej h`mei/j evsmen ma,rturej\ th/| dexia/| ou=n tou/ qeou/ u`ywqei,j( th,n te
evpaggeli,an tou/ pneu,matoj tou/ a`gi,ou labw.n para. tou/ patro,j( evxe,ceen tou/to o] u`mei/j kai.
ble,pete kai. avkou,ete)( 2:32-33).
, , ,
, , , , ,
,
. ,
.
- 98 -
. (20-21).
.
(AD 48)
(1:1).

(AD 33)
(1:11 ). (AD 50)

(1:10). 15:1-8 .
,
.
(ouvci. VIhsou/n to.n ku,rion h`mw/n eò,raka) (9:1).
13:12 .

(ble,pomen ga.r a;rti diV
evso,ptrou evn aivni,gmati( to,te de. pro,swpon pro.j pro,swpon\ a;rti ginw,skw evk me,rouj( to,te
de. evpignw,somai kaqw.j kai. evpegnw,sqhn).
(2:2),
.
.
e.
. :
.
. : .
. : .
.
. : .
. :
.
. .
. : .
- 99 -
.
,
.
.
10.2. (ascensio Christi)

(ajnelhvmfqh eij" to;n oujrano;n, 16:19),
(ajnefevreto eij" to;n oujranovn, 24:51; ejphvrqh,
1:9;
ajnalhmfqei;",
1:11).
(ajnabavinw)
(poreuvomai,
uJJpavgw,
e[[rcomai) ( 6:62; 14:2, 12;

16:5, 10, 17, 28; 17:11, 13; 20:17), (eijsh'lqen. .
.eij" aujto;n to;n oujranovn, 9:24) .
(ajrciereva mevgan dielhluqovta tou;" oujranouv",
4:14)
.
( 2:32-35).
3:19 (poreuqei;") ( )
3:22 (poreuqei;") .
( 1:13-17; 9:3-8).
.
( 7:39) ( 7:39).
( 4:10).
.

(Inst. 2.16.14).
a. ,

(). , , (), ,
()().
.
- 100 -
. ( 1:11)
( 4:8, 10).
. ( 1:9-10).
.
(16:28). .
( 24:50)

301
302
.
.
.
( 7:55-56; 8:34; 1:20; 3:1; 1:3;

8:1; 10:12; 12:2; 3:22; 3:21).
b.
.
. ( 2:33)

[](tw proswpw tou qeou) ( 9:24)
(th'/ dexia'/ ou\n tou' qeou' uJywqeiv", thvn te ejpaggelivan tou' pneuvmato" tou' aJgivo
u labw;n para; tou' patrov", ejx evceen tou'to o~ uJmei'" ((kai;)) blevp ete kai; ajkouvete)(
2:33)
301
Form of Concord, 8.26: Ex hac unione et naturarum communione humana natura

habet illam exaltationem, post resurrectionem a mortuis, super omnes creaturas in coelo et in
terra, quae revera nihil aliud est, quam quod Christus formam servi prorsus deposuit; humanam
vero naturam non deposuit, sed in omnem aeternitatem retinet, et ad plenam possessinem et
divinae majestatis usurpationem secundam assumptam humanam naturam evectus est. Eam vero
majestatem statim in sua conceptione, etiam in utero matris habuit: sed ut Apostolus Phil. ii. 8
[7], loquitur, seipsum exinanivit, eamque, ut D. Lutherus docet, in statu suae humiliationis secreto
habuit, neque eam semper, sed quoties ipsi visum fuit, usurpavit. Jam vero, postquam non
communi ratione, ut alius quispiam sanctus in coelos ascendit, sed ut Apostolus, Eph. iv. 10,
testator, super omnes coelos ascendit, revera omnia implet, et ubique non tantum ut Deus, verum
etiam ut homo, praesens dominator et regnat a mari ad mare et usque ad terminus terrae.
302 Form of Concord, 8.28: [Dextera Dei] non est certus aliquis . . . . locus, sed nihil
alius est, nisi omnipotens Dei virtus, quae coelum et terram implet.
- 101 -
. ( 7:37-39)
( 16:7).
.
c.

( 10:19-20), ( 7:15; 8:4)
( 21:7-9; 21:3).
d.
(sunhvgeiren kai; sunekavqisen ejn toi'" ejpouranivoi" ejn Cristw'/ !Ihsou, 2:6)
( 17:24),
(to; polivteuma ejn oujranoi'", 3:20) .
( 15:20)
( 2:7-9).
10.3. ( , sessio):
3:22
(o{" ejstin ejn dexia'/ tou' qeou' poreuqei;" eij" oujranovn)
(cf. ).
110 1
()
.
.
( 2, 45, 72, 110; 9:67; 7:14 ).

.

( 1:20-22; 2:9) (Inst.
2.16.15).
a.
.
- 102 -
.

( 1:3).

2:5-11 .
b.
(illuminatio Spiritus) ( 14:26; 16:7-15),

( 6:13-15; 4:4; 7:24, 25; 8:1-6; 9:11-15; 10:19-22;
2:2), ( 16:18)
( 3:22)
( 11:27; 28:18; 7:13-14; 3:35; 13:3; 17:2; 15:27; 1:10;
2:9-11; 2:8) ( 2:10) ( 1:2)
( 17:14) ( 14:9)
. (11:15).
c.
(caput
ecclesiae
et
angelorum)
[ ]
. 1)
( 14:3). 2)

. 3)
.
(Inst. 2.16.16).
10.4. (parousia)

- 103 -
(, , ).
().
parousia( 24:3, 27, 37, 39;
15:23, 2:19; 3:13; 4:15; 5:23; 2:1; 5:7, 8; 3:14),
apokaluyi( 1:7;
1:7, 13; 4:13), epifaneia(
2:8; 6:14; 4:1-8; 2:13) . ( 1:11;
24:30)
(Inst. 2.16.17).
9:28 .

(ou[twj kai. o` Cristo.j a[pax
prosenecqei.j eivj to. pollw/n avnenegkei/n a`marti,aj evk deute,rou cwri.j a`marti,aj ovfqh,setai
toi/j auvto.n avpekdecome,noij eivj swthri,an).
( 15:24-28).
.
( 24:30-31; 25:31-46).
( 3:13) .
( 21:3)
( 15:28).
.
( 4:16; 15:52)
(
2:13). ( 11:1)
. ( 8:24)
. ( 3:4)
( 4:13).
(
4:14).

( 21:28; 8:23; 1:30; 1:14).
( 8:11). .
- 104 -
( 15:52). .

( 5:4).
303
( 8:21).
303
Murray, 1.106-116.
- 105 -
11
304
(Inst. 2.15.1-6).
(
5:18-19; 1:20; 2:16) ( 1:3; 1:16-17)
305
306

.
307
. Tria ista officia, ita in Christo

conjunguntur, ut non solum eorum operationes distinctas exerat, sed eadem actio a tribus
simul prodeat, quod rei admirabilitatem non parum auget. Sic Crux Christi, quae est
Altare sacerdotis, in quo se in victimam Deo obtulit, unde Evangelium vocatur verbum
crucis, et Trophaeum regis, in qua scil. triumphavit de principatibus et potestatibus. Col
ii. 15. Evangelium est lex prophetae, Is. ii. 2, 3, Sceptrum regis Ps. cx. 2, Gladius
sacerdotis, quo penetrat ad intimas cordis divisiones, Heb. iv. 12, et Altare, cui imponi
debet sacrificium fidei nostrae. Ita Spiritus, qui ut Spiritus, sapientiae est effectus
prophetiae, ut Spiritus consolationis est fructus sacerdotii, ut Spiritus roboris et gloriae
308
est regis donum.
11.1. (prophetia Christi)

a. .
304 McNeill, Inst. 2.15.1, n. 2.

, McNeill, Inst. 2.15.2, n. 7.
305 Gods reconciling way with his world in Christ presupposes nonetheless an
unbreakable bond between creation and redemption. Gordon J. Spykman, Reformational
Theology: A New Paradigm for Doing Theology, 406.
306 , Spykman, Reformational Theology,
408-416.
(418-429) .
307 Cf. Bavinck, 3.475-482.
308 Locus XIV. quaest. v. 13, edit. Edinburgh, 1847, vol. ii. pp. 347-348. Quoted in C.
Hodge 2.461.
- 106 -
61:1-2

( 4:18).
( 2:3). (in
summa doctrinae) (Inst. 2.15.2, CO 2.363).
b. 18:15 3:22-23
. ( 4:24; 13:33),
(
8:26-28;
12:49-50;
14:10,
24;
15:15;
17:8,
17-20).
( 24:3-35; 19:41-44), ( 7:29).

.
(ejp! ejscavtou tw'n hJmerw'n touvtwn ejlavlhsen hJmi'n ejn uiJw'/)( 1:2).
c. ( 7:16-17)
( 4:34).
( 5:19). ( 14:10).
d. .
(hJ marturiva !Ihsou' ejstin to; pneu'ma th'" profhteiva")( 19:10).
( 1:11)
( 16:25; 17:24-26; 13:12;
64:4).
.
16:25,
. 64:4,
)/}
(~yhil{a)
.
e. (Verbum Dei ipsum).
, (theophania) .
f. (interpres)
(interpretatio)
(salvator)
(via
salutis)
.
g.
(illuminatio mentis hominum per Spiritum
- 107 -
Sanctum) .
(cognitio salutis) .
h. ,
.
i. ( 26:67-68).
( 27:39-44;
11:35-37; 12:39). Klass Schilder []

.
11.2. (regium munus Christi)

a.
(ecclesiae
perpetuitas)
(beata
immortalitas) (Inst. 2.15.3, CO 2.363).

.

(Inst. 2.15.4, CO 2.364).
b.
( 24:17, ;
7:16, ; 9:6-7; 2:6,
; 45:1-17; 72:1-19; 110:1-7; 7:13-14; 5:2; 9:9).
c. .
, , ,
, ( 103:19,
).

.
( 28:18, ;
2:9-11; 1:17-23),
.
- 108 -
,
.
( 11:3-5).

1:49)
(oJ uiJo;" tou' qeou')

,
11:20;
17:20-21).
(basileu;" tou' !Israhvl)(
(basileu;" tw'n !Ioudaivwn)(
19:19)
.
d. ( 1:22; 4:15; 5:23; 1:18; 2:19)

.
().
( 8:23,
, , ; 2:6,
).
( 7:38;
11:11-24; 3:7-9, 29; 2:11-15). ,
. (
3:29; 21:2), ( 5:25; 21:9),
( 8:29; 2:11), ( 21:42; 4:11; 2:4-8),
309
( 15:1-2) .
e. ( 8:6,
) ( 28:18)
( 28:9,
;
28:18; 1:20-22; 2:9-11; 1:13; 2:6-9).
( 10:12; 15:24-28).
, .
f.
( 1:5-6; 5:9-10) .
( 12:28,
;
309
.
- 109 -
17:21-22, . . . .
; 1:13,
),
( 7:21; 19:23;
22:2-14; 25:1-13, 34; 22:29-30; 6:9; 15:50; 5:21; 5:5; 2:12;
4:18; 12:28; 1:11).
g. .
( 1:33,
; 2:44; 7:14, 18, 27; 1:8; 11:15).
(
15:28)
() .
(Cujus regni non erit finis) .
h.
. ( 7:37-39).
( 14:16).
.
. (gubernatio) (defensio)

. (Marcellus of Ancyra ).
i.
(from
before):
1)
( 1:32). 2) (from below):

( 1:48). 3)
(from above): (
2:6). 4) (from ahead):
( 1:15).
11.3. (sacerdotale Christi munus)

a.
.
- 110 -
.
.
(aeternus
deprecator) (hostia qui sacerdos) .

(aeterna reconciliationis lege)

( 1:6) (Inst. 2.15.6, CO 2.366-367).
b.
. 1) ( 5:1,
; 9:26,
; 10:12, ; 53:10,
; 2:2,
2)
() ( 7:25,

; 2:1,
; 53:12,
;
8:34,
).
c.
(
5:1-10; 7:1-28; 9:11-15, 24-28; 10:11-14, 19-22; 12:24).
( 3:25)
( 5:7) ( 15:3)
( 5:2) .
( 1:29)
( 2:2; 4:10)
( 3:14).
( 2:24)
( 3:18).
d.
- ( 7:3; 110:4).
( 23:34; 17:20; 5:7)
.
- 111 -
3:12).
(paravklhto, )
( 14:26,
26; 15:26; 16:7;
2:1).

( 3:1; 7:25; 2:1;
12:10), ( 16:8)
(
14:16; 15:16; 16:14). ( 12:24)
( 9:24) ( 8:33-34)
( 7:25)
( 2:4-5; 8:3-5).
[ ]
3 19
mediator reconciliationis( ), mediator patrocinii( ),
mediator doctrinae( ) .

,

310
1542
311
310
(Christi
munus
1539
triplex)
Comm. Gal.3:19 (62, CO 50.216-217): Sicuti ergo mediator est reconciliationis, per
quem accepti sumus Deo, mediator patrocinii, per quem accessus nobis patet ad patrem
invocandum: ita mediator semper fuit omnis doctrinae: quia per ipsum semper Deus se hominibus
patefecit.
311 Calvin: Theological Treatises, tr., intro., and notes by J. K. S. Reid, in Library of
Christian Classics, vol. 22 (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1954), 96 (CO 6.21-22). 1536
(2.14, CO 1.69) 1537/8 (22, CO 5.338)
.
- 112 -
(4.2, CO 1.513-514), 1559

312
1559
(summa
doctrinae)
(Inst. 2.15.2, CO 2.363). (sacerdos)
(sacrificium)
(Inst. 2.15.6,
CO 2.366-377).

(ecclesiae perpetuitatem) (beatae immortalitatis)

(Inst. 2.15.3, CO 2.363-364).

(Inst. 2.5.14, CO 2.364-365).
313

314
3 19-20
, , , , .
315
316
312 , Klauspeter Blaser, Calvins Lehre von den drei

mtern Christi, Theologische Studien 105 (Zrich: EVZ Verlag, 1970), 7-23.
313
. . First Response to Stancaro, 13 (CO 9.338); Second
Response to Stancaro, 147 (CO 9.350).
314 (Willis) mediation as sustenance
.

. Calvins Catholic Christology, 70.
315 Gal. 3:19-20 (448-455, CO 50.539-544)
:
(Angelus)
.
.
. ,
, .
316 (Blaser)
- 113 -
1) Christus Mediator Reconciliationis( )
()
.
;
.
317
,
318
() .
:
.
319

. (Immanuel)
,
.
320

(natura legislatoris) .
(Wort)
(das Freiheitsamt),
(Wesen)
(das Gehorsamsamt),
(Werk) (das
Lebensamt). Calvins Lehre von den drei mtern Christi, 24-44.
317 Comm. Ex. 25:17 (2.156, CO 24.406).
318 Comm. Ex. 29:38-41 (2.293-295, CO 24.489-491).
, Comm. Lev. 1:1-17 (2.323-326, CO 24.506-508); Lev. 17:1 (2.260, CO
24.468); Gen. 8:20 (1.281, CO 23.138); Ps. 119:108 (4.482, CO 32.261):

.
319 Comm. Gen. 4:7 (1.201, CO 23.89).
320 Comm. Isa. 8:10 (1.274. CO 36.173); Matt. 1:23 (1.68-69, CO 45.68-69).
- 114 -
321
.
.
322
2) Christus Mediator Patrocinii( )
323

(nudo
324
symbolo) .
(sacramentali modo) .
(figuras)
(symbola) (, metonomy)
. Inst. 2.8.51, 59; Comm. Deut. 26:17-19 (1.361, CO 24.224); Deut. 13:5 (2.75,
CO 24.356); Ex. 20:4-6 (2.107, CO 24.376); Ex. 34:17, et al. (2.117, CO 24.283); Deut. 4:12-18
(2.120, CO 24.384-386); Ex. 25:8-15 (2.150-155, CO 24.403-405); Ex. 25:31-39 (2.163-165, CO
24.409-411); Ex. 26:31-37 (2.175, CO 24.417); Ex. 20:13, et al. (3.21, CO 24.612-613); Deut.
24:16 (3.50-51, CO 24.631); Deut. 24:14-15 (3.114, CO 24.671); Deut. 10:17-19 (3.118, CO
24.674); Ex. 20:17, et al. (3.187, CO 24.718); Deut. 29:22-28 (3.280, CO 25.51).
322 Comm. I Jn. 4:10 (292, CO 55.354): [F]ilium suum interposuit Deus, ad se nobis
reconciliandum, quia nos amabat.
323 (umbra-veritas vel
substantia analogia) , Ex.12: 46 (1.467, CO 24.292, ); Ex. 27:20-21,
et al. (2.167, CO 24. 411-412, ); Ex. 26: 1-37 (2.171-176, CO
24.414-417, ); Ex. 27:1-8 (2.177-178, CO 24.418-419, ); Ex.
28:42-43 (2.205-206, CO 24.435-436, ); Ex. 30:25-33 (2.224,
CO 24.446-447, ); Lev. 21:1-12 (2.227-230, CO
24.448-450, ); Ex. 29.38-41 (2.296-297, CO 24.490-491,
); Lev. 16: 7-11 (2.316-317, CO 24.502-503, ); Lev.
16:16 (2.318-319, CO 24.503-504, ); Lev. 1:1-17
(2.323-326, CO 24. 506-508, ); Lev. 2:1-10 (2.328-329, CO 24.509-510,
); Lev. 6:1-7 (2.356-362, CO 24.525-529, ); Lev. 22:17-21
(2.378-381, CO 24.540-541, ); Ex. 20:8 (2.435, CO 24.577,
); Ex. 31:13-17 (2.442-444, CO 24.583-584,
); Lev. 23:10-23, 34-35 (2.456-458, 462-463, CO 24.591-592, 594-595, ).
, Inst. 2.7.16 (CO 2.264); Comm. Col. 2:17 (337-338, CO
52.110-111); Matt. 5:17 (1.180, CO 45.171); Heb. 9:6-12 (117-120, CO 55.107-110).
324 Comm. Ex. 30:1-9 (2.182, CO 24.421).
321
- 115 -
.
,
(quatenus
in
externis
325
sacrificiis Christum apprehenderunt patres, illic vere exhibita fuit expiatio).

(sursum corda)
326
(Inst. 4.17.36, CO 2.1039, cf. 4.17.18, CO 2.1016-1017).

327
,
(tollendas esse sursum
mentes) (Inst. 3.20.16, CO 2.642).

328
(deprecatorem)

. (Inst. 2.15.6, CO
329
2.367),
(accommodatio) sursum corda (cf. Inst.

2.15.5)
.
325
Comm. Lev. 17:10-14 (3.31, CO 24.619-620).

. Inst. 2.7.1, CO 2.253:

. (altius
erigeret eorum mentes) ; Comm. Ex. 12:21-22 (1.221, CO 24.221):
. . . .

(extulerit ad verum et coeleste exemplar) .
.
327
John Calvins Response to the Questions of Giorgio Biandrata, 59-60, 62
(CO 9.329-330). . Comm. Ps. 50:14-15 (2.269-274, CO 31.500-503); Dan. 9:23 (2.194, CO
41.166); Matt. 6:9 (206, CO 45.196); Serm. Isa. 53:12 (140-152, CO 35.679-687); Deut. 11:26-32
(482a-488b, CO 27.135-149); Forms of Prayer for the Church, in Tracts and Treatises, 2.101
(CO 6.175); Catechism of the Church of Geneva, in Tracts and Treatises, 2.73 (CO 6.89-90).
328 . Inst. 3.20.1 (CO 2.625); First Catechism 27 (CO 5.343).
329 . Comm. Ex. 28:1-43 (2.191-193, CO 24.426-427); Ex. 30:23-24 (2.222-224, CO
24.445-446); Lev. 21:17-21 (2.239-240, CO 24.456); Lev. 16:3-6 (2.315-316, CO 24.501-502);
Hos. 8:4 (283, CO 42.364).
326
- 116 -
3) Christus Mediator Doctrinae( )

(extra Christum)
330
(signum)
28 12 .

(etiam extra carnem)
(praesentia) the so-called extra Calvinisticum
. -

331
(aeterna imago) .
(essentia)
(coessentialis)
(ad nos) .
.
332
. Comm. Jn. 5:27 (1.132, CO 46.118); Jn. 6:45 (1.165, CO 46.150); Jn. 10:7
(1.260, CO 46.238); Jn. 10:15 (1.266, CO 46.243); Jn. 17:3 (2.136-137, CO 46.376-377); Jn.
17:8 (2.139-140, CO 46.379-380). (Willis) the so-called extra Calvinisticum
totus-totum (extra hanc carnem)
. (extra Christum)
,
.
Calvins Catholic Christology, 109, 114. (Augustine)
. . Robert E. Cushman, Faith
and Reason, in A Companion to the Study of St. Augustine, ed. Roy W. Battenhouse (New
York: Oxford University Press, 1956), 304-310.
331 Comm. Gen. 28:12 (2.112, CO 23.391). Cf. Comm. Col. 1:15 (308-309, CO
46.84-85); Jn. 1:18 (1.25, CO 46.19); Jn. 14:10 (2.78, CO 46.326); Heb. 1:5 (10-12, CO 55.14);
Isa. 6:1 (1.201, CO 36.126). , Hans
Helmut Esser, Zur Anthtopologie Calvins MenschenwrdeImago dei Zwischen Humanistischem
und Theologischem Ansatz, Hervormde Theologiese Studies 35/1-2 (1979), 33-34, 38-39; J.
Faber, Imago Dei in Calvin: Calvins Doctrine of Man as the Image of God in Connection with
Sin and Restoration, tr. J. D. Wielenga, in Essays in Reformed Doctrine (Alberta, Canada:
Inheritance Publications, 1990), 264-267; Randall C. Zachman, Jesus Christ as the Image of God
in Calvins Theology, Calvin Theological Jounal 15/1 (1990), 45-62.
332 Comm. II Cor. 4:4 (55-56, CO 50.51). . Serm. Deut. 5:17 (165, CO 26.333).
330
- 117 -
co-essentia (persona)
(essentia
divina)
(divinitas)
(humanitas)
, (imago Christi)
333
(Inst. 2.12.6-7, CO 2.344-347).
334
(ruditati)
(internuncius)
(umbratilis sacerdos)
. (figura)
(arcano patris

.
333 (Osiander)
.
.
(imago Christi) (iustitia essentialis)
(infusa) ,
.
,
(nos una cum Deo
iustos esse) (Inst. 3.11.5-12, . 3.11.11, CO 2.541).
, J. Faber, Imago Dei in Calvin: Calvins
Doctrine of Man as the Image of God by Virtue of Creation, in Essays in Reformed Doctrine,
234-239; Peter Wyatt, Jesus Christ and Creation in the Theology of John Calvin (Allison Park,
Pa.: Pickwick Publications, 1996), 39.
334 Comm. Deut. 17:8-11 (2.262-265, CO 24.470-471, . 262, CO 24.470).
(interpres legis)
. . Lev. 10:9-11 (2.235, CO 24.453); Num. 35:1-3 (2.249, CO 24.462);
Jn. 3:13 (1.71-72, CO 47.62).
- 118 -
sinu)
335
336
[John Murray ]
( 5:1) ( 8:3)
( 9:12, 25, 26).
( 7:17) ( 8:1)
( 8:1). Murray
.
1) ( 8:34) .

( 7:25).
.
. ( 17:20-21).

.

. ( 8:17)
( 17:24) ( 14:16)
( 16:26).
.
.
.

( 8:33-34).
2) ( 2:1)
( 9:24).
335
336
Comm. Ex. 28:4-8 (2.198, CO 24.430-431).

John Murray, 1.62-76.
- 119 -
( 2:17-18; 4:14-15).
.
(
10:19-22).
3) ( 10:21).
( 3:1-6),
( 2:5), .
4) ()(
7:20-22; 9:15).
,
.
.
.

?
- 120 -
12

.
1)
( 17:11) .
2)
.
3)
( 3:16) ( 5:20).

. .
4)
( ) .
(
1:2; 3:6; 8:9, 15, 17; 4:4-5).
5)
( 1:22; 5:5; 1:14).
6)
( 3:17; 8:20)
( 8:21-22; 21:5; 1:20).
.
- 121 -
13
13.1.
.

(in se) (ad nos)
(pro nobis) .

.

( 1:18).
(moving
cause)
53:10;
2:14;
1:4;
1:19-20).
(Inst. 1.16.8,
CO
2.152)
(Socinus)
(1555)
() :
(nam Christus non
337
nisi ex Dei beneplacito quidquam mereri potuit) (Inst. 2.17.1, CO 2.387).
1559
:
,
. (Inst. 2.17.1, CO 2.387).
( 3:16) ( 3:26)
.
.
337 Responsio ad aliquot Laelii Socini senensis quaestiones, CO 10/1.160. David Willis,
The Influence of Laelius Socinus on Calvins Doctrines of the Merits of Christ and the
Assurance of Faith, in Italian Reformation Studies in Honor of Laelius Socinus, ed. John A.
Tedeschi (Firenze: F. Le Monnier, 1965), 235; McGrath, The Intellectual Origins of the
European Reformation, 104-105. In dealing with the office of the law in his book Beneficio di
Christo, Socinus does not mention its normative use at all. Tedeschi ed., ibid., 49-50.
- 122 -

( 3:24-25).

, .
13.2.
a. :

(Hugo
Grotius)

.
b. ( ) :

. .
.
, , , , .
: It was of the greatest importance for us that he who
was to be our Mediator be both true God and true man. If someone asks why this is
necessary, there has been no simple (to use the common expression) or absolute
necessity. Rather, it has stemmed from a heavenly decree, on which mens salvation
depended. Our most merciful Father decreed what was best for us(Inst. 2.12.1).
c. :

(//)
- 123 -
12.3.
a.
(sacrificium):
(expiatio)
9:23)
( 5:1-10; 7-10).
b. (, propitiatio): iJlasmo
(rp'K:) . ( 21:8) (
4:35; 16:30) ( 10:17) ( 3:25; 2:2),
( 4:10), ( 2:17) . ,
, .
c. (reconciliatio):
katallavssw() katallaghvv() .

( 5:8-11; 5:18-21;
1:20-21; 2:16).
d. (redemptio):
(hL:aUG, 25:24, 51-52; 4:7), ( 111:9;

130:7),
3:49),
49:9)
(ajpoluvtrwsi, 21:28; 3:24; 8:23; 1:30;

4:30) (luvtrwsi, 2:38) .
(luvtron, 20:28) (ajntiluvtron, 2:6)
.
e. : (Schedd)
. 1)
. 2)
. 3)
.
- 124 -
.
. ( 5:1).
( 5:1-3, 6:22-27).
( 16:5). 12

( 28:9-29). ( 16:15-21).
( 16:15-21).
.
17:11).
( 1:4). ( 53:6, 12; 1:29;

5:21; 3:13; 9:28; 2:24). .
. peri
( 8:3; 1:4; 3:18; 2:2); , uJper peri
( 15:3; 1:4)
( 22:19,
20; 15:13; 5:14, 15, 20, 21; 2:6; 3:18). ajnti
(substitution) ( 20:28- (luvtron ajnti
;pollw'n); 10:45).
. ( 5:8-9; 5:19;
2:8).
f. : ( 1:3; 9:12; 25-28)
( 5:9) ( 10:14).
. .
( 8:1-34;
12:5-11).
. (
2:10; 10:12-14; 1:7).
. ( 2:7-10).
satisfactio vicaria .
( ). (
).
- 125 -
[]
Expiatio, Propitiatio, Reconciliatio (, , ):

1. ,
opus magnum [ (Gereformeerde Dogmatiek)]

.
338
(Magnalia Dei)] ,
339
, ,
.

[ ] .

.
340
[ ], [ ] ()
,
.
341
342
.

.
343
338 Herman Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, vol. 1, Prolegomena, vol. 2, God and
Creation, ed. vol. 3, Sin and Salvation in Christ, ed. John Bolt, tr. John Vriend (Grand Rapids:
Baker, 2003, 2004, 2006). 4
. Gereformeerde Dogmatiek 4 .
Herman Bavinck, The Last Things: Hope for This World and the Next, ed. John Bolt, tr. John
Vriend (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1996).
339 Herman Bavinck, Our Reasonable Faith, tr. Henry Zylstra (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans,
1956).
340 Herman Bavinck, The Doctrine of God, ed. & tr. W. Hendriksen (Grand Rapids:
****, 1951). .
341 Herman Bavinck, The Philosophy of Revelation (New York: Longmans, Green, and
Co., 1909); The Certainty of Faith, tr. Harry der Netherlanden (Ontario, Canada: Paideia, 1980).
342
, Cornelius Van Til, Bavinck the Theologian, Westminster Theological
Journal 1961(24/1). rep., 1-17. . R. H.
Bremmer, Herman Bavinck als Dogmaticus (Kampen: J. H. Kok, 1961).
343 Bavinck, Our Reasonable Faith, 332.
- 126 -
(ordo docendi) - - .
. ,
. (substantia)
. .
344

(pactum salutis) .
345
, ,
.
, , .
346
. [
] , ,
. [ ] .
347
[ ] [
] .
348
.
[ ]
.
344 Cf. (2.6)

(2.7-8) (2.12-14) (2.15-16) (2.17)
/ / . Institutio
christianae religionis . . . , 1559 . Institutes of the
Christian Religion, ed. John T. McNeill, tr. Ford Lewis Battles, Library of Christian Classics,
vols. 20-21 (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960), 2.9-11.
. Francis Turretin, Institutes of Elenctic Theology, ed. James T. Dennison, tr.
George Musgrave Giger (Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing, 1994), 169-500.
Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, 3 vols., rep (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995), 2.354-638.
345 Hodge, Systematic Theology, 2.358-362; Turretin, Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 174,
177-178.
346 (the plan of
salvation) (an economy of redemption, 1:9-10; 3:9). Charles Hodge
(supralapasarianism) (infralapsarianism)
(118-125).
Hodge, Systematic Theology, 2.313-324; , [ ], , (:
, 1991), 118-125.
--
. Benjamin B. Warfield, The Plan of Salvation (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1977).
347 Bavinck, Our Reasonable Faith, XIV. The Covenant of Grace(260-279); XV. The
Mediator of the Covenant(280-307); XVI. The Divine and Human Nature of Christ(308-329);
XVII. The Work of Christ in His Humiliation(330-356); XVIII. The Work of Christ in His
Exaltation(357-385).
348 Henry Zylstra, in Bavinck, Our Reasonable Faith, Preface, 6.
- 127 -
[ ]
.
.
349
.
.
.
351
350
352
353
.

.
354
. .

355
.
.
356
.
.
357
.

.
358
(gratia immerita)
.
359
.

.
.
349
360
Turretin, Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 417-482; Hodge, Systematic Theology,
2.480-591.
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
Bavinck,
Bavinck,
Bavinck,
Bavinck,
Bavinck,
Bavinck,
Bavinck,
Bavinck,
Bavinck,
Bavinck,
Bavinck,
Reformed
Reformed
Reformed
Reformed
Reformed
Reformed
Reformed
Reformed
Reformed
Reformed
Reformed
Dogmatics,
Dogmatics,
Dogmatics,
Dogmatics,
Dogmatics,
Dogmatics,
Dogmatics,
Dogmatics,
Dogmatics,
Dogmatics,
Dogmatics,
3.327-361.
3.361-368.
3.368-406.
3.406-417.
3.419.
3.421-424, 421.
3.424-436.
3.436-447.
3.447-455.
3.455-475.
3.475-482.
- 128 -

. .
.
.
. ()
.
.
.
2. :
, (swthria, 1:21; 2:11; 3:17;

12:47) . , ( 26:28;
1:7); ( 1:29; 3:5); (
10:22); ( 4:25); ( 1:30); ( 3:26; 4:5-6; 1:5);
( 2:18; 3:12);
( 3:25; 2:2; 4:10; 2:17);
(katallagh, 5: 10 f.;
5:18-20) ;
( 5:1); , ( 15:26; 2; 4:6);
( 1:12-13); ( 1:30); (
6:3 f.); ( 6:6 f.; 2:20); ( 6:14);
( 5:26; 1:7, 9) ( 9:22;
12:24; 1:2) ( 6:11; 1:5; 7:14);
( 6:4); ( 6:5; 2:6;
3:20); ( 10:38; 2:21 f.);
( 6:14; 7:1-6; 3:13; 2:14); (
14:24; 7:22; 9:15; 12:24); ( 11:22; 14:30;
2:15; 3:8; 1:13); ( 16:33; 4:4; 5:4);
( 5:12 f.; 15:55 f.; 2:15); (
10:27-28); , , ( 11:25; 15:21);
( 2:6); ( 17:24); ( 14:2; 1:4);
- 129 -
( 3:15, 36)
( 10:30; 6:22) ; ( 3:13; 21:1,
361
5); ( 3:21; 15:24-28).

.
(evrgon) ,
. (qusia, xb;z), (prosfora, dwron, !B'r.q' hx'n.m)i
. (lutron, avntilutron, hL'aug,. ~yiW.dP., rp,K)o
. (timh)
. , .
(i`lasthrion) (katara) .
362
, (u`per sou) (quma) .
363
. .

.
.
(redemptio)
(reconciliatio) .
.
(hx'n.m,i
hl'[,o hb;z,, hV,a;i dwron,
ièreion, prosfora, qusia, teleth;
oblatio,
sacrificium) .
.
364
(expiatio)
. () .
(honor) .
(propitiatio) .

.
.
.
361

363 Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.337.
: hl'A[(), ~ymil'v.(),
hx'n.m(i ), taP'x;(), ~v'a'(). Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.338, n. 27. Franz
Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Isaiah, tr. James Martin, 2 vols. (Grand
Rapids: Eerdmans, 1949), 2.299 .
362
- 130 -
.
.
.
.
365

. (reconciliatio) .
.
366
().
(!heK,o ièreuj, sacerdos) (hx'n.m)i

.
.
.
( 17:11).

.
.

(rp,K,o lutron)
(rPek)i
367

.

.
.
.
. ,
,
.
365
366

Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.331-332, 334. , De civitate Dei
X.6(331).
367 Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.333-334.
. Benjamin B. Warfield, The New Testament Terminology
of Redemption, Redeemer and Redemption, Christ Our Sacrifice, in The Works of
Benjamin B. Warfield, vol. 2, Biblical Doctrines (New York: Oxford University Press, 1932),
327-372, 375-398, 401-435; Hodge, Systematic Theology, 2. 469-470, 478-479, 501-523.
- 131 -
(i`lasthrion, i`lasmoj)

. (katallagh)
368
.
. ,
.

.
.
(an immanent process in the life of God) .
369
(i`rasmoj) (katallagh)
. i`raskesqai

katallassen
370
- .
(katallagh) (expiatio)
(propitiatio) (reconcilatio) .

.
.
. 1) .
, , , (avpolutrwsij) ; 2) .
, , , ; 3) .
; 4) .
; 5) .
; 6) . , , ,
. .
3.
368
369
370
371
Bavinck,
Bavinck,
Bavinck,
Bavinck,
Reformed
Reformed
Reformed
Reformed
Dogmatics,
Dogmatics,
Dogmatics,
Dogmatics,
3.447-448.
3.448-449, 449.
3.450.
3.451.
- 132 -
371
.
.
372
.
373

.
(forma religionis)
. (materia)
(instrumenta) .
374
. -
. .

.
375
(tyrb) ,
,
376
. , ,
.

.
(sunqhkh) (diaqhkh)
377
372
Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.215.

, Bavinck, Our Reasonable Faith, 280-307.
374 (1636-1708)
. De oeconomia foederum Dei cum hominibus
(substantia) (essentia)
: , ; ,
; , . Herman Witsius, The
Economy of the Covenants between God and Man: Comprehending A Complete Body of Divinity,
2 vols., tr. William Crookshank (London: R. Baynes, 1990), 3.2.1-2.
375 Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.196-200, 200.
373
- 133 -
.

.
378

?
.

. (pactum salutis)

.

. (fideiussor)
(expromissor)
.
379
.
.
380

.

. .
.
381
. .

.
.
. .
. .
(expiatio) (propitiatio) (satisfactio)
. .
. (reconcilatio)
.
382
378

Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.212-216. ,
Turretin, Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 240-247.
382 Bavinck, Our Reasonable Faith, 357-359.
379
- 134 -
4.

.
.
.
?

.

,
.
383

384
.

385

386
(Osiander) .

387
383

.
.
.
.
.
.
384
- 135 -

388

389

.

.
(obedientia activa et passiva)
.
.
390
, ,
(by dispensation) (formally)
391

392
.
.
393

.
394

.
(dikaiwsij zwhj)( 5:18-19) (obedientia vitae)
388


.
(voluntas) (Laelius Socinus)
.
(principium amoris est iustitia) . Inst. 2.17.1-2(CO
2.386-388), 2.17.2(CO 2.387).
389
- 136 -
(obedientia mortis) .

,
.
.
395
.
.
.
.
.
(solidaristic-reparatory)
396
(substitutionary-expiatory) .
397

.
398
.
, .

399
.
, , , ,
.
400

40
401
395

,
, ,
.
. John Murray, Collected Writings of John Murry, Vol. 1, The Claims of
Truth (Carlisle, PE: Banner of Truth, 1976), 62-76.
396
- 137 -
.
.

.
402
.
403
. .
.
2
. .
404
. .
5. : ,

.
402

(the mediatorship of union) .
John Bolt
(3.482, n. 165).
(Marcellus of
Ancyra) . Inst. 2.14.3 (CO
2.356): Sit igitur nobis haec rectae intelligentiae clavis, neque de natura divina, neque de
humana simpliciter dici, quae ad mediatoris officium spectant. Regnabit ergo Christus donec
prodierit mundi iudex, quatenus pro infirmitatis nostrae modulo patri nos coniungit. Ubi autem
consortes coelestis gloriae Deum videbimus qualis est, tunc perfunctus mediatoris officio, desinet
patris legatus esse, et ea gloria contentus erit, qua potiebatur ante mundum conditum. Nec alio
respectu peculiariter in Christi personam competit Domini nomen, nisi quatenus medium gradum
statuit inter Deum et nos. Quo pertinet illud Pauli: unus Deus ex quo omnia, et unus Dominus
per quem omnia (I Cor. 8:6); nempe cui temporale imperium a patre mandatum est, donec facie
ad faciem conspicua sit divina eius maiestas; cui adeo nihil decedet, imperium patri reddendo, ut
longe clarior emineat. Nam et tunc desinet caput Christi esse Deus, quia Christi ipsius deitas ex
se ipsa fulgebit, quum adhuc velo quodam sit obtecta.
381

. , , [] (:
, 2003), 289-298, 296.
403
- 138 -
.
.
.
.

. .
405
( )
.
.
. .

, , .
,
.
. .
.
. .
406

.
.
407

.
.
408
409

(expiatio)
405
Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.391.

407 Cf. Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, vol. 3, Sin and Salvation in Christ, Editors
Introduction, 17-19.
.
Chul-won Suh, The Creation-Mediatordship of Jesus Christ (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1982), 194-197
(Cf. Bavinck, Gereformeerde Dogmatiek, 1:352; 2.532; 4.667).
408 Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.277-280. Cf. Andreas Osiander, An Filius Dei fuerit
incarnandus . . ., 1550.
406
- 139 -

(propitiatio) (reconciliatio)

.

.
.

.
410
410 Landwehr . Zylstra, in Bavinck, Our Reasonable Faith,

Preface, 6-7.
- 140 -
13.4.
13.4.1.
.

.
( )
.
a.
:
. ,
.
.
b.
(recaptitulation theory):
(esoteric)
13.4.2.
a.
(moral influence theory) ():
.
.

. P. Abelard Hastings Rashdall
Horace Bushnell .

.
- 141 -
b.
(the example theory) ():

. Laelius
Socinus(1525-1562) Fautus Socinus(1539-1604) .
2:21,
.

.
.
.

.
c.
John
Scotus
Eerigena,
Osiander,
.
Swenkfeld

.
.

411
Edward
Irving(1792-1834) (theory of gradually extirpated depravity)

. *
.
13.4.3.
411 Cur Deus Homo, 1.11: Nec sufficit solummodo reddere quod ablatum est, sed pro
contumelia illata plus debet reddere quam abstulit. . . . Sic ergo debet omnis qui peccat,
honorem deo quem rapuit solvere; et haec est <satisfaction>, quam omnis peccator deo debet
facere. 2.6: . . . satisfaction, quam nec potest facere nisi dues nec debet nisi homo; necesse
est ut eam faciat dues-homo.
- 142 -
a.
(satisfaction theory): Cur Deus Homo

.
.
.
.
b.
(governmental theory): Hugo Grotius(1583-1645)

.
.

.
()
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.

.
c.
(theory of vicarious penitence): Jonathan Edwards

J. McLeod Campbell(1800-1872) R. C. Mobely

.
- 143 -

.
412
412 Daniel L. Migliore .

( ), ,
.
().
().
,
( ). Faith Seeking Understanding:
An Introduction to Christian Theology, [ ], 227-228.
- 144 -
[]
(satisfactio Christi):
1. :

413
(historia
salvifica)
(doctrina salutis) (persona

in se) (officium ipsius ad nos)
.
(nexus) .

,
( ) ( ) .
( , ratio) ( , res) .
.

.
, - .
.
-
414
(scopus) .

,
() . ,
,
413
414
. George Smeaton, Christs Doctrine

of Atonement, originally in 1870 (Edinburgh: Banner of Truth, 1991); J. McLeod Campbell, The
Nature of the Atonement, originally in 1856 (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996); Thomas Hywel
Hughes, The Atonement: Modern Theories of the Doctrine (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1949);
Archibald Alexander Hodge, The Atonement (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1953); Gustaf Auln, Christus
Victor: An Historical Study of the Three Main Types of the Idea of the Atonement (New York:
Macmillan, 1969); Colin Gunton, The Actuality of Atonement: A Study of Metaphor, Rationality and
the Christian Tradition (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1988); Charles E. Hill and Frank A. James III, ed.,
The Glory of Atonement: Biblical, Historical & Practical Perspectives, ed. (Downers Grove, IL: IVP,
2004).
- . -
.
- 145 -
-
.
(imputatio
iustitiae)
(iustitia
imputata)
(satisfactio).
.
,
(elevatio).
415
, .
. .
(mediator foederis)
.
416
.
. ,
.
( 53:10; 2:14; 1:4; 1:19-20). (moving cause)
.
(pactum salutis) . ,
417
elevatio (Karl Barth)

(Karl Rhaner) (deificatio) .
(qeopoihsij)
,
. Cf. Frances Young, From Nicaea to Chalcedon: A Guide to the
Literature and Its Background (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1983), 73-76, 82.
416 Cf. (Heinrich Heppe)
( ) () ( )
( ) . Reformed Dogmatics: Set out and Illustrated from
the Sources, rev. and ed. Ernst Bizer, tr. G. T. Thomson (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1950),
458-459, 463. . Die Dogmatik der
evangelisch-reformirten Kirche (Elberfeld: Verlag von R. L. Friderichs, 1861).
415
417
. . . nam Christus non nisi ex Dei beneplacito quidquam mereri potuit. Institutio christianae
religionis, in libros quatuor nunc primum digesta, certisque distincta capitibus, ad aptissimam
methodum: aucta etiam tam magna accessione ut propemodum opus novum haberi possit, 1559,
2.17.1, CO 2.387. . Institutes of the Christian Religion, ed.
John T. McNeill, tr. Ford Lewis Battles, Library of Christian Classics, vols. 20-21 (Philadelphia:
Westminster Press, 1960). Inst. .. . Ioannis Calvini opera quae supersunt
omnia CO . (voluntas Dei) (meritum
Christi) . Cf. Responsio ad aliquot Laelii
Socini senensis quaestiones, CO 10/1.160. David Willis, "The Influence of Laelius Socinus on Calvins
Doctrines of the Merits of Christ and the Assurance of Faith," in Italian Reformation Studies in
Honor of Laelius Socinus, ed. John A. Tedeschi (Firenze: F. Le Monnier, 1965), 235.
- 146 -
( 3:16) ( 3:26) .
(expiatio) (propitiatio) (reconciliatio) (redemptio).
2. ()
(atonement, at-one-ment)
. satisfacere
satisfactio
. satisfacere satis()+facere()
,
.
satisfactio , ,
418
, .
, [] []
. .
-() -() .

, .
.
satisfacere, satisfactio
419
, (laG) , .
(atonement) (satisfactio)
()
(Francis Turretin, 1623-1687) .
(necessity), (truth), (perfection), (matter), (object)
420
.
.
.
418
421
(Charles Hodge)
Charlton T. Lewis, A Latin Dictionary, Founded on Andrews' Edition of Freunds Latin Dictionary,
Revised, Enlarged, and in Great Part Rewritten (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), 1634.
satisfactio , , .
. .
420 Francis Turretin, Institutes of Elenctic Theology, vol. 2, Eleventh through Seventeenth Topics, tr.
George Musgrave Giger, ed. James T. Denniso, Jr. (Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian and Reformed
Publishing, 1992), 417-482.
421 Heppe, Reformed Dogmatics, 458-479, 459.
419
- 147 -
(ordo docendi)
. ?(For Whom did
Christ die?)
422
(satisfactio)
satisfaction atonement
A. A. (Atonment)
.
atonement
satisfaction
atonement satisfaction
. satisfaction
(pecuniary)
(penal) . satisfaction (ipso facto)

, (, substitution)
423
(vicarious)
(expiation)
(propitiation)
B. B. .
(satisfaction)
(atonement) .
( 5:11, )
.
(reconciliation)
, katallag .
Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, vol. 2, rep. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995), 480-591.
(munus mediatori) .
, , .
(intercession) .
(Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 2.375-500).
(Ibid., 455-609).
423 A. A. Hodge, The Atonement, 33-41. (Thomas Aquinas) meritum satisfactio
penal obedience, holy obedience . Ibid., 43-44.
(Augustus H. Strong) (atonement) (satisfaction) ,
(substitution) . Systematic Theology, A
Compendium Designed for the Use of Theological Students, Three volumes in one (Old Tappan, NJ:
Fleming H. Revell, 1907), 713-771.
(archetype) (representative) (identification)
(Ethical Monism)
(James Oliver Buswell) . A Systematic Theology of the Christian Religion, vol. 2 (Grand
Rapids: Zondervan, 1963), 97-102.
422
- 148 -
(propitiation)
kipper,
kippurim .

.
424
A. A. atonement
satisfaction .
(Robert L. Dabney) satisfaction (a
vicarious atonement) .
425
(William G. T. Shedd) atonement satisfaction

426
(John Murray) (atonement)

427
(Herman Bavinck) (atonement) (reconciliation,

kattalagh) , (i,lasthrion, 3:25) (i,lasmoj, 2:2;
4:10) (
5:9-10; 5:18-19; 3:13) .
(rpk, 1:3; 6:7; 10:17; 15:15, 30; 19:22; 15:28; 31:50)
( 8:19; 16:46) (i`laskesqai)
.
428

(Louis Berkhof)
(atonement) . (substitution)
-(vicarious-penal)
429
(Wayne Grudem) (atonement)

430
Benjamin Breckinridge Warfield, Atonement, in Studies in Theology, rep. (Grand Rapids: Baker,
2003), 261.
425 Robert L. Dabney, Lectures in Systematic Theology, rep. (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1980),
485-535.
426 William G. T. Shedd, Dogmatic Theology, 3rd ed. ed. Alan W. Gomes (Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian
and Reformed Publishing, 2003), 690-760.
427 John Murray, Redemption Accoomplished and Applied (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1955), 9-78.
428 Herman Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, vol. 2, Sin and Salvation in Christ, ed. John Bolt, tr. John
Vriend (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2003), 447-451.
429 Louis Berkhof, Systematic Theology, New Edition containing the full text of Systematic Theology
and the original Introductory Volume to Systematic Theology (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996),
373-391.
424
- 149 -
(Robert L. Reymond) (atonement)

431
3. (pro nobis):

. (regula fidei)
(symbolum) .
,
.
()
.
-
(div h`maj touj a,nqrwpouj kai dia thn h`meteran swterian, propter nos homines et
propter nostram salutem) (u`per h`mwn, pro nobis)
432
(formula, monogenh,(
e,k duo fusewn(
a,sugcutwj(
a,treptwj(
a,diairetwj(
a,cwristwj) (div h`maj touj a,nqrwpouj kai dia thn

433
h`meteran swterian).
(Symbolum Quicunque)
(passus est pro nostra salute)

.
434
435
, , , , ,
. (regula veritatis) ,
(pedagogical)
(credal).
Wayne Grudem, Systematic Theology (Leicester, UK: IVP, 1994), 568.
Robert L. Reymond, A New Systematic Theology of the Christian Faith (Nashville: Thomas Nelson,
1998), 623-669.
432 Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom: With a History and Critical Notes, vol. 2, The Greek and
Latin Creeds, originally 1931 (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1983), 57-59.
433 Ibid., 2.62.
434 Ibid., 2.69.
435 . Regula quidem fidei una omnino est, sola, immobilis, et
irreformabilis, credendi scilicet. Ibid., 2.17.
430
431
- 150 -
(u`per thj h`meteraj swthriaj)

436
(propter eminentissimam
erga
figmentum
suum
dilectionem)
(expitiatio)
437
(propitiatio) .
438
( 3),
( 3).
439
(satisfactio) (imputatio)
440
( 21-23).
( )

.

, ()
().
441
4. , :
satisfactio ()

.
Ibid., 2.13.
Ibid., 2.15.
438 Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom: With a History and Critical Notes, vol. 3, The Evangelical
Protestant Creeds, originally in 1931 (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1983), 9. Confessio Augustana, 1.3. . . .
ut reconciliaret nobis Patrem, et hostia esset non tantum pro culpa originis, sed etiam pro omnibus
actualibus hominum peccatis.
439 Ibid., 3.115. Formula Concordiae. . . . Christus vere sit nostra iustitia . . . in sola videlicet
obedientia sua, quam Patri ad mortem usque absolutissimam Deus et homo praestitit, eaque nobis
peccatorum omnium remissionem et vitam aeternam promeruit.
440 Ibid., 3.406-410. Nous croyons que Jsus-Christ . . . sest prsent en notre nom devant son Pre,
pour apaiser sa colre avec pleine satisfaction . . .(406). . . . qui[homme] Dieu alloue justice
sans oevres(409).
441 [] (: , 1992), 282. Schaff, Ibid., 3.621: Dominus Jesus obedientia sua
perfecta, suique ipsius sacrificio; quod per aeternum Spiritum Deo semel obtulit, justitiae Patris plene
satisfecit, ac omnibus ei a Patre datis non modo reconciliationem; verum etiam aeternum
haereditatem in regno caelorum acquisivit.
436
437
- 151 -
()
(opus alienum) (opus proprium)
.

.

442
(communicatio
idiomatum)
443

(a
hypostatic
communication)
445
(a
real
exchange)
444
(Deus [manifestatus] in carne)

.
,
,
.
[]
, , .
,
. ,
, ,

Cf. Gerhard O. Forde, The Work of Christ, in Christian Dogmatics, ed. Carl E. Braaten etc. vol. 2
(Philadelphia: Fortess Press, 1984), 47-99; Walter von Loewenich, Luthers Theology of the Cross,
tr. Herbert J. A. Bouman (Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1976), 17-24; Timothy George,
The Atonment in Martin Luthers Theology, in The Glory of Atonement: Biblical, Historical &
Practical Perspectives, ed. Charles E. Hill and Frank A. James III (Downers Grove, IL: IVP, 2004),
263-278.
443 Schaff, Ibid., 3.10, Confessio Augustana, 1.4. . . . sed gratis justificentur propter Christum per
fidem, cum credunt se in gratiam recipi, et peccatu remitti propter Christum, qui sua morte pro
nostris peccatis satisfecit.
444 Forde, The Work of Christ, 53.
445 Cf. Robert A. Peterson, Calvins Doctrine of Atonement (Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian and Reformed
Publishing, 1983), 11-26; Henri Blocher, The Atonement in John Calvins Theology, in The Glory
of Atonement: Biblical, Historical & Practical Perspectives, 279-303.
442
- 152 -
,
446
(Inst. 2.12.3. CO 2.341-342).
(satisfactionis pretium iusto Dei iudicio)

447
. .

. :
, , ,
, ;
448
!(Inst. 2.13.4. CO 2.352).
Calvinisticum)
449
(the
so-called
extra
Prodiit ergo verus homo, Dominus noster, Adae personam induit, nomen assumpsit, ut eius vices
subiret patri obediendo, ut carnem nostrum in satisfactionis pretium iusto Dei iudicio sisteret; ac in
eadem carne poenam quam meriti eramus persolveret. Quum denique mortem nec solus Deus sentire,
nec solus homo superare posset, humanam naturam cum divina sociavit, ut atrerius imbecillitatem
morti subiiceret, ad expianda, peccata alterius virtute luctam cum morte suscipiens nobis victoriam
acquireret. . Anselm, Cur Deus
Homo, 1.11: Nec sufficit solummodo reddere quod ablatum est, sed pro contumelia illata plus debet
reddere quam abstulit. . . . Sic ergo debet omnis qui peccat, honorem deo quem rapuit solvere; et
haec est <satisfactio>, quam omnis peccator deo debet facere. 2.6: . . . satisfaction, quam nec
potest facere nisi deus nec debet nisi homo; necesse est ut eam faciat deus-homo.
fms . Jasper Hopkins, A
Comparison to the Study of St. Anselm (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1972), 187-212.
De Incarnatione Verbi Dei .
- ,
.
. On the Incarnation of the Word in St. Athanasius: Select Works and Letters, Nicene and
Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, second series, vol. IV, rep. (Edinburgh: T & T Clark,
1991), 36-67.
447 Cf. Philip Walker Butin, Revelation, Redemption, & Response: Calvins Trinitarian Understanding of
the Divine-Human Relationship (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 62-75.
448 . . . quia, etsi in unam personam coaluit immense verbi essentia cum natura hominis, nullam tamen
inclusionem fingimus. Mirabiliter enim e coelo descendit filius Dei, ut coelum tamen non relinqueret;
mirabiliter in utero virginis gestari, in terris versari, et in cruce pendere voluit, ut semper mundum
impleret, sicut ab initio.
449 .

(communicatio idiomatum) () (extra
Calvinisticum) .
.
etiam extra carnem( ) (spiritualis sed
realis) . Cf. , Byung-Ho Moon,
446
Christ the Mediator of the Law: Calvins Christological Understanding of the Law as the Rule of
- 153 -
450
(cosmic) .

451

(Inst. 2.12.1, CO 2.340).
452
,
(Inst. 2.12.2, CO 2.341).
453
(quod proprium
ipse) (quod proprium nobis) !
(vicar) .
( 8:17; 3:6).
(infusa qualitatis) (sun,
cum) .
454

455
Living and Life-Giving (Carlisle, UK: Paternoster Press, 2006), 105-111.

. (
9:5; 5:20; 20:28; 20:28; 2:13) ( 1:3; 1:16) ( 11:36).

(avllV h`mi/n ei-j qeo.j o` path.r evx ou- ta. pa,nta kai. h`mei/j
eivj auvto,n( kai. ei-j ku,rioj VIhsou/j Cristo.j diV ou- ta. pa,nta kai. h`mei/j diV auvtou/)( 8:6).
. ,
( 1:7, 10, 22).
(kai. diV auvtou/ avpokatalla,xai ta. pa,nta eivj auvto,n(
eivrhnopoih,saj dia. tou/ ai[matoj tou/ staurou/ auvtou/( diV auvtou/ ei;te ta. evpi. th/j gh/j ei;te ta. evn toi/j ouvranoi/j)(
1:20).
451
. Cf. Richard A. Muller, Fides and Cognitio in Relation
to the Problem of Intellect and Will in the Theology of John Calvin, Calvin Theological Journal 25/2
(1990), 215-216.
452 Ita filium Dei fieri nobis Immanuel oportuit, id est nobiscum Deum: et hac quidem lege, ut nutua
coniuctione eius divinitas et hominum natura inter se coalescerent.
453 Quod nobis proprium erat suscipere gravatus non est, ut vicissim ad nos pertineret quod proprium ipse habebat;
atque ita in commune ipse nobiscum et filius Dei esset et filius hominis.
454 () ,
.
(transformatio) .
. ,
. John Calvin, Sermons on the Epistle to
the Ephesians, tr. Arthur Golding (London, 1577), rev. tr. Leslie Rawlinson and S. M. Houghton
(Edinburgh: Banner of Truth, 1973), Eph. 4:10 (353-360, CO 51.546-554). Serm. .
.
455 (communio ecclesiae) (consensio sanae
doctrinae et fraterna caratias) (in Christo
vel secundum Christum) (Inst. 4.2.5, CO 2.771-772).
450
- 154 -
(musthrion) !(Inst. 4.14.22,
CO 2.958).
456

(2.17).
(sacerdos) (sacrificium, hostia)

(ira) (implere) (favor)
(conciliare) (munus) . (pro nobis)
(satisfecit)
(piaculum) .
(satisfactio) . (aeterna
reconciliationis lege)
.
2.366-368).
457
(in
societatem)
(Inst.
2.15.6,
CO
(Inst. 2.16.1, CO 2.377-368).

, .
, .
(placandi
modus)
(satisfactio)(Inst. 2.16.1, CO 2.368).

(satisfactoriam
peccati
hostiam,
~Xa)
53:10)
(imputatio) (triumphum) ,
458
, (a,polutrwsin kai a,ntilutron kai i`lasthrion) .
(ad litationem)
(lacacri) .
()
(Inst. 2.16.6, CO 2.374).
459

. , (ordinatio Dei) .
Sublime istud mysterium praeclare nobis in Christi cruce ostensum est, quum aqua et sanguis
effluxerunt ex sacro eius latere(Ioann. 19, 34).
457 . . . diversa et nova in Christo fuit ratio, ut idem esset hostia qui sacerdos. Quia nex alia pro
peccatis idonea satisfactio reperiri poterat . . . Iam sacerdotis personam sustinet Christus, non modo
ut aeterna reconciliationis lege patrem asciscat in societatem tanti honoris (Apoc. 1, 6) (CO 2.368).
458 A. A. i`lascesqai (expiation) (propiation) .
i`lasthrion . The Atonement, 39-40.
459 litatio satisfactio satisfaction .
satisfactoria hostia" satisfactio .
litatio satisfactio .
456
- 155 -
(meritum)
(beneplacitum) (misercordia Dei) (Inst. 2.17.1, CO

2.386-7). ,
(causa formalis) (dilectio gratuita),
(materialis)
(obedientia),
(formalis) (fides), (finalis) (bonitas)

(gloria) (Inst. 3.14.17, 21 (CO 2.575, 578).
460
(ineffabili quodam modo) .

(miro et divino modo)
. (voluntas)
(Inst. 2.16.4, CO 2.370).
461
(Inst. 2.16.3, CO 2.506).
?
.
(i`lasmoj, katalaggh) ? (
2:2; 4:10). (mysterium ineffabile) ,

(infensus) .
(reconciliatus est). .

( 5:21).
462
(favor) (iustitia Dei)(

1:4-6; 5:19; 1:19-20).
(meritum) .
. (Inst. 2.17.2, CO
2.387-8). .
, (substantia vitae)
(materia) .
( 1:14).
463
, Comm. Rom. 3:24(75, CO 49.61), 5:19(117-118, CO 49.101-102).

Comm. . . The Commentaries of John Calvin, 46
vols., Calvin Translation Society Edition (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1948-1950) (vols.1-15).
John Calvin, New Testament Commentaries, ed., D. W. Torrance and T. F. Torrance
(Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1960-1972) .
461 Proinde sua dilectione praevenit ac antevertit Deus pater nostram in Christo reconciliationem.
462 Quare principium amoris est iustitia, qualis a Paulo describitur (2 Cor. 5, 21), eum qui peccatum
non fecerat, pro nobis peccatum fecit, ut essemus iustitia Dei in ipso.
463 Ideo idem apostolus redemptionem in sanguine Christi definit remissioem peccatorum (Col. 1, 14),
460
- 156 -
(pretium redemptionis) ( 6:20; 1:18-19; 3:24-25).

(a,ntilutron) ( 2:15-16).
(a`pax)
(dia
thj
qusiaj)
(ai,wnian
lutrwsij)
( 9:12, 28). , ,

464

(Inst.
465
2.17.3-5,
CO
2.388-90).

(Inst. 3.11.21-23, CO 2.550-2). .
(Inst. 2.16.5, CO 2.370-1).
,
(communio) (communicatio) .

.
(Inst. 3.14.1-6, 9-11, CO 2.564-8, 570-2).
(membra)
(caput) (Inst. 2.17.1, CO 2.386).
(Inst. 2.17.2, CO 2.387).
466
.
.
,

.
.

(duplex imputatio) ()(Inst. 3.17.3, 10, CO
467
2.591-2, 597-8).
ac si diceret, iustificari nos vel absolvi coram Deo, quia sanquis ille in satisfactionem respondet.
absolvere a,fihmi .
464 . . . si pro peccatis nostris Christus satisfecit, si poenam nobis debitam persolvit, si obedientia sua
Deum placavit . . .
465 . . . nimis extenuari Christi gratiam nisi eius sacrificio vim expiandi, placandi et satisfaciendi
concedimus . . .
466 . . . quoties Dei caritati adiungitur Christi gratia, unde sequitur, eum de suo quod acquisivit, nobis
largiri; quia non aliter quadraret seorsum a patre ei adscribi hanc laudem, quod gratia eius sit, et ab
ipso proveniat.
467 (iustificatio) (imputatio iustitiae Christi)
(Inst. 3.11.2, CO 2.534). (communio)
(vestitus) (Inst. 3.17.8, CO 2.596).
(
) . (Catechismus) (Catechismus, sive
- 157 -
.
(fides)
,
() (mutila fide)
468

469
(Inst. 3.11.20, CO 20.550).

(Inst. 3.16.1, CO 2.586).
470
471
() (Inst. 3.15.7, CO 2.586).
472

(Inst. 2.16.14, CO
2.382).
.
christianae religionis institutio . . ., CO 5.336-337), 1535
(merentur)
(CO 1.53). 1543
(sola fide non tantum nos, sed opera etiam nostra iustificari)
(1543 Inst. 10.70, CO 1.787, Inst 3.17.10, CO 2.598).
. ,
, ,
. , Comm. Rom.
4:6-8(85-87, CO 49.71-73), 5:16(116, CO 49.99), 5:17(116-117, CO 49.99-100), 6:14(130-131, CO
49.112-113).
468 (ordo salutis)
. Comm. Rom. 3:22 (73, CO 49.60); Rom. 8:13 (167, CO 49.147).
469 . . . quia in communicationem iustitiae Christi nos inducit.
470
(communionis cum morte Christi) . Comm. Rom. 6:7 (126, CO
49.108). Cf. Comm. Rom. 6:3 (122, CO 49.105).
(mutua similitude respondeat) . Comm. Rom. 6:10 (127,
CO49.109). (qualitatem) ,
. Comm. Rom. 5:17 (117, CO 49.100). (infusa, transfusa)
(gratia imputata) (Inst. 3.11.5, 10, CO 2.536-537, 540-541); Contra Osiandrum (CO
10/1.166).
471
(communicatio) .
. Cf. Comm. Rom. 6:1 (121, CO 49.103):
.
(communicatur) . Comm. Rom. 1:17 (28, CO 49.20); Rom.
3:21 (70, CO 49.57); Rom. 3:22 (73, CO 49.60).
, (iustitia)
(qualitatem) (proprium) . Comm. Rom.
5:19 (118, CO49.101).
. Comm. Rom. 6:22-23 (136, CO 49.118).
. Cf. Joel R. Beeke, Calvin on Piety, in The Cambridge
Companion to John Calvin, ed. Donad K. McKim (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004),
127-128.
472 . . . iustificationem fidei, quae pietatis est totius summa . . .
- 158 -
,
(Inst. 2.16.16, CO 2.383): , (
14:3); , ( 7:25; 9:11-12;
8:34)
; ,
(Inst.
(sessio)
2.16.16;
CO 2.383).
473

, ,

.
474
52 53
. (la
satisfaction) 52:13-53:11 (lintercession) 53:12 .
,
. ~va( 53:10)
,
475
476
477
,
.
( 5:19) (Inst, 2.17.3, CO 2.388).
(diaqhkhj kainhj mesithj) ( 9:15),

. Cf. Inst. 1.13.7, 2.7.2, 2.8.57, 3.1.2 (CO 2.94-95,
254, 307, 394-395); Comm. Jn. 14:16 (2.82, CO 47.329); Rom.1:4 (16-17, CO 49.10-11); II Cor. 3:6
(41-43, CO 50.39-41).
474 John Calvins Sermons on the Deity of Christ, tr. Leroy Nixon (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1950), 2nd
ed. (Audubon, N. J.: Old Paths Publications, 1997), Matt. 26:36-39(51, CO 46.833).

. Ibid., Acts 1:9-11 (232-242, CO 48.613-622).
475 John Calvins Sermons on Isaiahs Prophecy of the Death and Passion of Jesus Christ, tr. T. H. L.
Parker (London: James Clarke, 1956), 53:4-6 (69, 74, CO 35.623, 627), 53:9-10 (110, 112, CO
35.654, 656), 53:11 (122, 132, CO 35.664, 673).
476 Ibid., 53:4-6(83, CO ). , Ibid., 53:12 (137-152, CO
35.675-688).
477 Ibid., 53:11 (134, CO 35.674): . . . que maintenant il fait encores office de Mediateur: et quil nous
veut faire tellement participans de sa iustice . . .
473
- 159 -
.
.
.
478
.

, .
,
. .
(culmen salutis) .

479
C. .

.

( 4:12).
. ,
( 1:30).
,
. , ;
, ; , .
( 2:17)
. , ;
()
( 3:13); , ; ,
;
480
, ; ,
; , ; , ;
, ; , ,
, ; ,
. ,
, , (Inst.
2.16.19, CO 2.385-6).
Comm. Heb. 8:10 (110-112, CO 55.103): Hic fructus est foederis, quod nos Deus in populum
cooptat, seque salutis nostrae fore praesidem asserit.
479 Heppe, Reformed Dogmatics, 457-481.
480 (descensus ad inferos) ,
( 2:24) (Inst.
2.16.10, CO 2.376-377). .
478
- 160 -
(laG)
(klhronomoj)
-(sunklhronomoj) ( 1:2; 8:17).
481
, (si satisfactio, in eius sacrificio)!
(Soli Deo Gloria in Aeternum)
481
klhronomoj , .
- 161 -

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[]

revelationis) (principia theologiae) .1)

: It is the Father who,

Reasonable Faith(Magnalia Dei) the covenant of grace, the person of

capitibus, ad aptissimam methodum:aucta etiam tam magna accessione ut propemodum opus

(essence) (pactum salutis)

trinitatis) (imago trinitatis)

the Father, came by his own will and deed.40)

humankind . Gods being in Christ Christ is

will to live, to Proudhon a social reformer.52)

52) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.269.

natures(evn duo fusein) out of two natures(evk duo fusewn)

the same perfect in

67) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.254, 303.

the eternal person of Christ.79)

integrity(status integritatis) subject to suffering and death

sinlessness a necessary sinlessness .91)

. the pact of salvation(pactum

salutis) . vicarious satisfaction(satisfactio vicaria)

(mediator)( 7:22; 8:6; 12:24).99)

96) Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.405.

a spiritual body(swma pneumatikon) the Spirit of

4.2. Double States (Status Duplex):

Bavinck, Reformed Dogmatics, 3.431. Concerning Luthers and Lutheran views of

woking of the Holy Spirit.118)

connection between Christs humiliation and exaltation , , ,

passiva) (obedience activa)124) .

(satisfactio vicaria) .128)

(katallassein) . (Vershnung) (Vershnung)

128) Cf. Turretin, Institutes of Elenctic Theology, 426-433.

enhypostatis, anhypostatia, abstratum, concretum

(sermonem ante saecula ex patre genitum).

( 3:17; 1:11; 3:21-22),

a. x;yvim' (Messiaj, 1:41;

137 Anthony Hoekema 7 . 1)

3) (oJ uiJo;V tou' ajnqrwvpou, Xwn rb in Aramic)

The Foundation of New Testament Theology (London: Lutterworth, 1965), 109-110.

4) (oJ uiJovV tou' qeou')

( 1:1-2, 14, 18) ( 17:1-5, 24)

b. 1:1- hypostasis essentia

(Comm. 196, CO 49.174).

( 1:18; 3:16; 4:9) Macleod, 73-74 .

9) (la WnM[, vEmmanouhl)

( 7:14; 8:8; 1:23).

( 17:5, 15-16; 27:36; 3:13-14; 6:2-3; 25:25; 12:25;

( 1:20) (evn sarki)

d. (hwhy) ejgwv eijmi

2 (hypostasis) (subsistentia) (deitas)

6.1. (incarnatio): (initium humiliationis)

(evfanerw,qh evn sarki,) ( 3:16). (tou/

B. B. Warfield, The Person of Christ, 2.176-182.

(dia. th/j evpifanei,aj tou/ swth/roj h`mw/n Cristou/ VIhsou/)(

6.2.4. : homo doloris

(w` euvdokhsa)( 3:17; 1:11; 3:22):

21:22ff., 26:26ff., 31:44ff. tyrIB] tr''K;

Cf. O. Palmer Robertson, The Christ of the Covenants, p. 13, n. 3, 4.

26:40-44; 4:31; 30:1ff.; 32:36ff.; 2:1; 13:23; 81:8, 11; 89:1-5;

6:17), ( 22:16; 51:14; 6:8).

Bavinck, RD. 3.203-204.

(oeconomia, dispensation, administratio)

(Perkins) (John Ball)

Duns Scotus (pactum)