Automatic Mesh Deformation Xiaofeng Liu Marcelo H. Garca Sponsor: Coastal Geoscience Program of U.S. ONR May 22, 2006 Omaha, NB Outline Motivations Model Components Model Schemes Model Simulation Discussions Motivations Local Scour Problem Interfaces: water-air and water-sediment Even worse: interfaces between object and air, water, sediment Air Water Sediment Object Bed Mesh Deformation Interface Tracking Lagrangian: Mesh deformation, Dynamic mesh Eulerian: VOF, Level Set etc. Motivations Free water surface: water-air interface (Eulerian approach) Limitation of rigid lid approximation Only valid for small water surface change in deep water VOF method is used in current model to capture the free surface Good for large water surface change, e.g. plunging jet scour, wave scour But with high computational cost http://personalpages.manchester .ac.uk/staff/david.d.apsley http://www.waterpower.ca Motivations Bed evolution: water-sediment interface (Lagrangian approach) Eulerian approach: implicit bed surface, good for complicated scour case Lagrangian approach: traditional way, easy to calculate shear stress, large deformation need attention and may fail the computation Choice: Lagrangian (moving mesh) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.9 1 Bed Lagrangian Eulerian Model Components Flow Field Solver 3D NS equations with k-epsilon turbulence model VOF method for the free water surface Sediment Transport Solver Both suspended load and bed load Exner equations for the bed change Mesh Deformation Solver Mesh deformation equations: spring analogy, Laplacian operator Laplacian smoothing operator is used here ( ) 0 V V = v v is the grid displacement vector, is the diffusion coefficient Coupling between flow domain and bed Flow domain: 3D flow field and 3D mesh Bed domain: 2D mesh since Exner equation is 2D 1 1 h t n c = V c q Mapping between two domains Model Schemes Numerical code: open source CFD library OpenFOAM Object oriented, C++, Parallel Finite volume method ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) Simplify the solving of a PDE solve ( fvm::ddt(V) fvm::laplacian(, V) ==0 ) ( ) 0 t
c V V = c V V Simulation flow chart Model Simulation Scour around vertical pile caused by waves (Sumer and Fredse, 2001, Waterway, Port, Coastal and ocean Engineering) Parameters: T=3.5s, wave height= 6.4cm, wave length=6.79m, KC=0.61, d50=0.2mm, * 0.07 c t = Wave maker: wave boundary condition (Mayer et al, 1998, IJNMF) ( ) ( ) ( ) sin r f t y t e u ( = +
U U Wave absorber: damping zone (high viscosity) Experiment Numerical Lagrangian for bed: Mesh Deformation or Dynamic Mesh Mesh deformation: no topological change only good for not-so-large scour hole mesh quality control by changing Dynamic mesh: change topology more risky could handle large deformation Discussions Eulerian for bed (New direction?) Implicit surface to capture bed movement Level set or VOS (volume of sediment) Good for large deformation and complicated scour pattern Problem: shear stress calculation, sediment transport rate formula, accuracy Flow3D