CONTENTS

BOOK I Contents: Parts I and II Preface Part I 1 2 3 4 5 PAUL AND HIS WORLD 3 75 197 246 279 Return of the Runaway? Like Birds Hovering Overhead: the Faithfulness of the God of Israel Athene and Her Owl: the Wisdom of the Greeks A Cock for Asclepius: Religion and Culture in Pauls World The Eagle Has Landed: Rome and the Challenge of Empire THE MINDSET OF THE APOSTLE 351 456 538 572 BOOK II Contents: Parts III and IV Part III PAULS THEOLOGY 609 619 774 1043 1269 1271 1320 1354 1408 1473 1521 1593 ix A Bird in the Hand? The Symbolic Praxis of Pauls World The Plot, the Plan and the Storied Worldview Five Signposts to the Apostolic Mindset xi xv

Part II 6 7 8

Bibliography for Parts I and II

Introduction to Part III 9 The One God of Israel, Freshly Revealed 10 The People of God, Freshly Reworked 11 Gods Future for the World, Freshly Imagined Part IV PAUL IN HISTORY Introduction to Part IV 12 The Lion and the Eagle: Paul in Caesars Empire 13 A Different Sacrice: Paul and Religion 14 The Foolishness of God: Paul among the Philosophers 15 To Know the Place for the First Time: Paul and His Jewish Context 16 Signs of the New Creation: Pauls Aims and Achievements Full Bibliography of Works Referred to in Parts IIV Indexes

CONTENTS: PARTS I AND II

Preface Part I: PAUL AND HIS WORLD 1 Return of the Runaway?

1. A World of Difference (i) Pliny and Paul (ii) The Runaway Slave? (iii) The Request (iv) The Central Argument Philemon and the Study of Paul (i) Introduction (ii) Philemon among the Worldviews (iii) From Worldview to Theology (iv) Questions in Context: History, Exegesis, Application (v) Sources (vi) Worldview, Theology and History Philemon as Allegory: Theology, History and Reconciliation

xv 3
3 3 7 10 16 22 22 24 36 48 56 63 68

2.

3.

2 Like Birds Hovering Overhead: the Faithfulness of the God of Israel

1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction Who Were the Pharisees? Praxis and Symbol: Torah and Temple Stories and Questions in the Second-Temple Jewish World (i) Introduction (ii) The Continuous Story (a) Introduction (b) The Story Retold: Bible (c) The Story Retold: Second-Temple Literature (d) The Story Retold: After AD 70 (e) The Story Retold: Conclusions (iii) The Continuing Exile (iv) A World Transformed, Not Abolished (v) Story and Scripture (vi) From Story to Question: the Implicit Pharisaic Worldview The Theology of a Pharisee The Aims of a Zealous Pharisee Conclusion

75
75 80 90 108 108 114 114 117 121 128 135 139 163 175 177 179 193 195

5. 6. 7.

xii Contents: Parts I and II 3 Athene and Her Owl: the Wisdom of the Greeks
Introduction The Shape and Content of First-Century Philosophy (i) Introduction (ii) The Real Beginning: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle (iii) Epicureans and Stoics (iv) Four Leading Stoics (a) Seneca (b) Musonius Rufus (c) Epictetus (d) Marcus Aurelius (v) Cynics and Sceptics (vi) The Philosophical Worldview (vii) The Philosophical Schools 3. Jewish Responses to Pagan Philosophy Selected Timeline of Philosophical Schools and Historical Events 1. 2.

197
197 206 206 207 211 219 219 222 223 227 229 232 237 238 244

4 A Cock for Asclepius: Religion and Culture in Pauls World

1. 2. Introduction Religion and Culture in the Eastern Mediterranean World of Pauls Day (i) Introduction (ii) The Religious World of Ancient Greece (iii) Mysteries from the East (iv) Religion and Culture in the First-Century Roman World Reections on the Religious World of Pauls Day

246
246 257 257 258 263 267 274

3.

5 The Eagle Has Landed: Rome and the Challenge of Empire

1. 2. Introduction The Reality of Empire (i) Introduction (ii) Before and After Julius Caesar (iii) Republic Restored, Empire Established: Augustus (iv) From Tiberius to Vespasian: AD 1470 The Rhetoric of Empire (i) Introduction (ii) Material Culture (iii) The Climax of the Narrative The Religion of Empire (i) Introduction (ii) The Divine Augustus (a) In Rome: Informal but Clear (b) In the Provinces: Enthusiastic and Diverse (iii) Imperial Cult from Tiberius to Nero (iv) Imperial Cult under the Julio-Claudians: Conclusion Resistance to Empire: the Jews

279
279 284 284 285 289 291 294 294 295 298 311 311 321 321 326 336 340 343

3.

4.

5.

Contents: Parts I and II xiii Part II: THE MINDSET OF THE APOSTLE 6 A Bird in the Hand? The Symbolic Praxis of Pauls World
1. 2. Introduction Paul and the Symbolic Praxis of Three Worlds (i) Judaism (ii) The Symbols of the Pagan World (iii) The Symbols of Empire Pauls Reconstruction of a World of Symbolic Praxis (i) Introduction (ii) The Symbols which Say: We Are the One People of the One God (iii) The Symbols which Say: We Are the People of the Messiah (iv) The Praxis of Messianic Monotheism (v) The Praxis of a Renewed Humanity Conclusion: the Praxis of Paul the Apostle

351
351 354 354 375 381 384 384 387 404 411 438 450

3.

4.

7 The Plot, the Plan and the Storied Worldview

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Introduction: to Narrate or Not to Narrate Meanwhile, in Another Part of the Wood: Plots, Sub-plots and Narrative Themes The Outer Story: God and Creation Meanwhile, in Another Part of the Wood: the First Sub-plot (Humans, Their Vocation, Failure, Rescue and Reinstatement) Yet Another Part of the (Theological) Wood: the Story of Israel The Multiple Meanings of Moonshine: the Role of Torah in the Story of Israel The Kings New Play: Jesus and His Storied Roles Conclusion: Tracking the Worldview-Story/Stories

456
456 468 475 485 495 505 517 536

8. Five Signposts to the Apostolic Mindset

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Introduction Who Are We? Where Are We? Whats Wrong, and Whats the Solution? What Time Is It? Conclusion: Pauls Worldview and the Questions that Remain

538
538 538 546 547 550 562

Bibliography for Parts I and II

572