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MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS
Submitted by Shohel Rana Khalada Parven Mahmudur Raquib Minhaz Uddin ID: 11315028 ID: 11515015 ID: 12415039 ID: 11415101
Submitted to
MD. Mamun Professor. MBA, SCHOOL OF BUSINESS University of Information Technology & Science (UITS)
Limited resources Resources are limited in two essential ways: 1. Limited in physical quantity, as in the case of land, which has a finite quantity. 2. Limited in use, as in the case of labor and machinery, which can only be used for one purpose at any one time.
Americas first Nobel Prize winner for economics, the late Paul Samuelson, is often credited with providing the first clear and simple explanation of the economic problem - namely, that in order to solve the problem of scarcity all societies, no matter how big or small, developed or not, must endeavor to answer three basic questions. 1. What to produce? Societies have to decide the best combination of goods and services to meet their needs. For example, how many resources should be allocated to consumer goods, and many resources to capital goods, or how many resources should go to schools, and how many to defense, and so on. This problem is what the economy should produce in order to satisfy consumer wants (as seen by demand curves) as best as possible using the limited resources available. If a country produces goods in a way that maximizes consumer satisfaction then the economy is allocatively efficient. 2. How to produce? Societies also have to decide the best combination of factors to create the desired output of goods and services. For example, precisely how much land, labor, and capital should be used produce consumer goods such as computers and motor cars. This problem is how to combine production inputs to produce the goods decided in problem 1 as most efficiently as possible. An economy achieves productive efficiency if it produces goods using the least resources possible. A productively efficient economy is represented by an economy that is able to produce a combination of goods on the actual curve of the PPF. 3. For whom to produce? Finally, all societies need to decide who will get the output from the countrys economic activity, and how much they will get. For example, who will get the computers and cars that have been produced? This is often called the problem of distribution. Should the economy produce goods targeted towards those who have high incomes or those who have low incomes. What sort of demographic group should the goods in the economy that are produced be targeted towards? If the economy is addresses this problem then it has reached petro efficiency or praetor optimality.