Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Physical Properties of Methanol
Physical Properties of Methanol
Physical Properties of Methanol
.
Home | CEC Overview | Feasibility Studies Technology Development | Studies
| Plant Services | Process Engineering | Engineering Services | Project Services | | Client Project Representative | Contact us | Useful Links | Engineering Unit Conversions ||
This page prov ides information that may be useful to engineers and scientists. We hav e tried to make this as accurate and useful as possible, how ev er, any user w ho requires accurate v alues is adv ised to refer to prov en quality reference documents. CETINER ENGINEERING CORPORATION (CEC) assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of any information presented here. Therefore, all materials and information are presented "as is" and CEC expressly disclaims any implied or express fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property relating to such material. In no ev ent shall CEC be liable for any damages w hatsoev er, including w ithout limitation special, indirect, consequential, or incidental damages, including w ithout limitation, damages resulting from the use of, or reliance on, the information presented, or loss of rev enues.
www.cetinerengineering.com/Properties.htm
1/4
11/5/13
a = 18.5875 b = 3626.55 c = -34.29 where ln(P) = a - b/(T+c) P: mmHg; T: K within range -16 to 91C Top of this Page
C O
H 2 O
C O 2
+ H y d r o g e n
H 2
The mixture of hydrogen and carbon oxides is compressed and is passed over a catalyst under high pressure and at high temperature, methanol is formed.
4 0 0 C C O + 2 H 2 = = = > M e t h a n o l = = = > M e t h a n o l C H 3 O H
C O 2
3 H 2
C H 3 O H +H 2 O
The mixture of methanol, water, other impurities is distilled to produce 99.95 Mole% methanol product purity. Back to CEC Overview Page | Top of this Page
Oxidation of Methanol: Methanol is oxidized with acidified Potassium Dichromate, K2Cr2O7, or with acidified Sodium Dichromate, Na2Cr2O7, or with acidified Potassium Permanganate, KMnO4, to form formaldehyde.
[ O ] C H 3 O H = = = > H C H O + H 2
M e t h a n o l
F o r m a l d e h y d e
2 H 2+O 2
= = = >
2 H 2 O
If the oxidizing agent is in excess, the formaldehyde is further oxidized to formic acid and then to carbon dioxide and water.
[ O ] [ O ] H C H O = = = >H C O O H= = = >C O 2+H 2 O F o r m a l d e h y d e F o r m i c A c i d
Catalytic Oxidation of Methanol: The catalytic oxidation of methanol using platinum wire is of interest as it is used in model aircraft engines to replace the sparking plug arrangement of the conventional petrol engine. The heat of reaction is sufficient to spark the engine. Dehydrogenation of Methanol: Methanol can also be oxidized to formaldehyde by passing its vapor over copper heated to 300 C. Two atoms of hydrogen are eliminated from each molecule to form hydrogen gas and hence this process is termed dehydrogenation.
www.cetinerengineering.com/Properties.htm
2/4
11/5/13
C u 3 0 0 C C H 3 O H= = = > M e t h a n o l
H C H O + F o r m a l d e h y d e
H 2
Dehydration of Methanol: Methanol does not undergo dehydration reactions. Instead, in reaction with sulphuric acid the ester, dimethyl sulphate is formed.
c o n c e n t r a t e d H 2 S O 4 = = = > ( C H 3 ) 2 S O 4 D i m e t h y l S u l p h a t e
2C H 3 O H M e t h a n o l
H 2 O W a t e r
Substitution of Methanol with Sodium Methanol reacts with sodium at room temperature to liberate hydrogen. This reaction is similar to the reaction of sodium with ethanol.
2C H 3 O H+ M e t h a n o l 2N a= = = > 2 C H 3 O N a S o d i u m S o d i u m M e t h o x i d e +H 2 H y d r o g e n
Substitution of Methanol with Phosphorus Pentachloride Methanol reacts with phosphorus pentachloride at room temperature to form hydrogen chloride, methyl chloride, (i.e. chloroethane) and phosphoryl chloride.
C H 3 O H M e t h a n o l + P C l 5 = = = > H C l + C H 3 C l P h o s p h o r u s H y d r o g e n M e t h y l P e n t a c h l o r i d e C h l o r i d e C h l o r i d e + P O C l 3 P h o s p h o r y l C h l o r i d e
Substitution of Methanol with Hydrogen Chloride Methanol reacts with hydrogen chloride to form methyl chloride (i.e. chloromethane) and water. A dehydrating agent (e.g. zinc chloride) is used.
C H 3 O H + M e t h a n o l Z n C l 2 H C l = = = > C H 3 C l M e t h y l C h l o r i d e + H 2 O
Classification: Category 1, Acute Toxicity Category 1, Flammable Liquid, Reproductive Toxicity 1B, Specific Target Organ Toxicity (Repeated Exposure) In Liquid Form: Flammable If swallowed: May be fatal or cause blindness If inhaled: Harmful Absorbed through skin: Harmful. In Vapor Form: Flammable Causes irritation to eyes, skin, lungs and respiratory tract Affects central nervous system and liver. High vapor concentration in air or liquid contact with eyes causes irritation, tearing and burning. Concentrations in air exceeding 1000 ppm may cause irritation of the mucous membranes. May cause central nervous system depression.
www.cetinerengineering.com/Properties.htm
3/4
11/5/13
www.cetinerengineering.com/Properties.htm
4/4