tdtpyq;F ghJfhg;G thuk; kw;Wk;

fsf;fhL - Kz;le;Jiw Gypfs; fhg;gfk;;

Kd;Diu:

,e;jpahtpy; Kjd; Kjypy; mNrhf kd;dh; fhyj;jpy; tpyq;Ffs;

ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gl;lJ. nkhfyha kd;dh;fs; kpUfq;fisAk;>

gwitfisAk; Ntl;ilahbdhh;fs;. Mq;fpNyah;fs; Ml;rp fhyj;jpy;

tptrhaj;jpw;fhf gy fhLfs; mopf;fg;gl;ld. Jg;ghf;fp Nghd;w

MAjq;fshy; tpyq;FfisAk;> gwitfisAk; Ntl;ilahbdhh;fs;.

mth;fSf;Fg; gpd; td tpyq;Ffspd; vz;zpf;if kw;Wk; vy;iy

RUf;fgl;ld. td caphpdq;fis vjph;fhy re;jjpapdUf;fhf ghJfhf;f

Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fpy; Mq;fpNya Ml;rpah;fshy; 1912y; xU

rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gl;lJ. Mdhy; td gwitfs; kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffs; ghJfhg;G

rl;lk; vDk; mr;rl;lk; ,g;Nghija #oYf;F xt;thjjhfptpl;lJ. Vnddpy; td

caphpdq;fs; Ntl;ilahlgLtij jLf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; kl;LNk ,aw;wgl;l

mr;rl;lj;jhy; tdtpyq;Ffs; tzpf nghUl;fshf khWtij jLf;f ,aytpy;iy.

vdNtjhd; ,g;Nghija #oYf;F Vw;g rl;lj;jpd; Njitia czh;e;j eLtd;

muR 1972 y; xU njspthd rl;lk; nfhz;Lte;jJ.

td caphpdk; - tpsf;fk;

kdpjdhy; tsh;f;fg;glhky; ,aw;ifahd tho;tplj;jpy; ,ay;ghf

tsh;fpd;w tpyq;Ffs; midj;Jk; tdtpyq;Ffs; vdg;gLfpd;wd. Td

tpyq;Ffs; ,aw;if Rw;Wr; #oypd; mq;fkhf tpsq;Ffpd;wd. td

tpyq;Ffs; gy;NtW fhuzq;fshy; mopTWfpd;wd. Td

caphpdq;fspy; ghy}l;bfs;> Ch;td kw;Wk; gwg;gd Mfpait

mlq;Fk;.

,itfs; tdj;jpy; tho;tjhYk;> Ntshz;ik cw;gj;jp> njhopy;

cw;gj;jp> nghUshjhu Kd;Ndw;wk; Nghd;witfs; rpwe;j Kiwapy;

eilngWk Ntz;Lnkdpy; td tpyq;Ffs; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

td tho;f;ifapd; rpwg;G:

kdpjd;> jhtuk;> tpyq;Ffs; ,itfs; xd;Wf;nfhd;W

njhlh;Gilaitfshf njd;gLfpd;wd. td tho;f;if gw;wp rpy kjpg;gPLfs;

cs;sd. mitfs;

 kj kjpg;gPL

 gz;G kjpg;gPL

 moF jd;ikapd; kjpg;gPL

 kd kfpo;T kjpg;gPL

 nghUshjhu kjpg;gPL

 tpQ;Qhd kjpg;gPL

kjkjpg;gPL:

,e;jpahtpy; td tpyq;FfSf;Fk;> gwitfSf;Fk; ,d ghJfhg;G

mspf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. nfsby;ahpd; mh;j;jrh];jpuk; xU rpwg;G

tha;e;j ahj;jphpfh; E}yhFk;. ,th; tpyq;Ffis mq;fpfhpj;jhh;.

Fw;wk; Rkj;jg;gLfpd;w gyiu jd; gpbapy; rpf;f itj;J

mth;fsplkpUe;J mth;fsplkpUe;J cz;iikia tutioj;J kiwKfkhf

nfhy;yg;gLfpd;w khd;> fhl;L vUik> gwit ,tw;wpd; ,lq;fis

njhpe;J nfhz;L mtw;wpw;F ghJfhg;G mspf;f Vw;ghLfs; nrajhh;.

,j;jifa fhLfis “mguhz;ah” vdg;gLgit MFk;. ekJ ehl;bd; Fuq;F>

nre;eha;> kapy;> fUld;> Nghd;witfs; kjrhh;Gila tpyq;Ffshf

kjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gz;G kjpg;gPL:

Guhzq;fspYk;> ,yf;fpaq;fspYk;> tpyq;Ffs;> gwitfs;

,tw;wpd; gz;Gfs; njhpfpd;wd. rptDf;F thfdk; ee;jp.> tp\;Ztpd;

thfdk; fUld;.> Jh;f;fh Njtpapd; thfdk; rpq;fk;.> KUfdpd; thfdk;

kapy;. tpehafhpd; thfdk; vyp vd tpyq;Ffs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sij

Guhzq;fspYk;> ,jpfhrq;fspYk; ehk; mwpfpNwhk;. Rje;jpu

,e;jpahtpd; ehzaq;fspy; “rpq;f Kf” milahsq;fs;

nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,J tPuk; nfhLj;j rpq;fk;- ehk; mjw;F

nfhLf;Fk; kjpg;ghFk;. mJNghy; ru];tjpapd; thfdk;

md;dgwitahfTk;> mDkhd; kdpjf; flTshfTk;> fNz~ gfthd; ahid

Kf flTshfTk; tpsq;Ffpwhh;fs;. ,it tpyq;Ffspy; rpwg;G tha;e;j

gz;ig vLj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ. Gwitfs;> kpUfq;fs; tbtq;fs; cNyhfj;jhy;

nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mitfs; gw;wp ghly;fs;> fijfs;> fl;Liufs;

Kjypad ,aw;wgl;;Ls;sd. ,it %yk; td tpyq;Ffspd; gz;ig ehk;

njhpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

moF jd;ikapd; kjpg;gPL:

rpy gwitfs; ghh;g;gjw;F mofhfTk;>

kfpo;r;rpA+l;LgitahfTk; mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. ekJ fhLfspy;

gpukpg;igAk;> gaj;ijAk;> cUthf;Fk; rpq;fk;> Gyp kw;Wk;

cUtj;jpy; nghpa ahid> mofpa kapy;> khd; Nghs;witfspypUe;J

moF ntspg;gLfpd;wd. Njhl;lq;fspy; fpsp> ikdh Nghd;witAk;>

tPLfpsy; mzpy;> FUtp> fhfk; Nghd;witAk; fhzyhk;. ,tw;iw

Xtpakhf tiue;Jk; moF urpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

kdkfpo;T kjpg;gPL:

kd kfpo;r;rpf;fhf rpy tdg;gphpTfs; xJf;fg;l;Ls;sd.

,tw;wpw;F cfe;jjhf ed;whf tsh;r;rpaile;j ehLfs; mnkhpf;fh>

fdlh> gphpl;ld; Nghd;witfshFk;. kPd;gpbj;jy; xU Kf;fpakhd

nghOJ Nghf;fhFk;. mnkhpf;fhtpy; kl;Lk; 20 kpy;ypad; iynrd;];

ngw;w Ntl;ilf;fhuh;fs; cs;sdh;. ,jpy; 2 kpy;ypad; gzj;ij KjyPL

nra;Js;shh;fs;. mnkhpf;fhtpy; iynrd;]; ngw;wth;fs; Mz;Lf;fhz;L

ngUfp tUfpwhh;fs;.

nghUshjhu kjpg;gPL:

nghUshjhu kjpg;gPL topahf yhgKk;> gaDk; NeubahfTk;>

kiwKfkhfTk; fpilf;fpd;wd. Fuq;Ffis kUj;Jt Muha;r;rp nra;tjd;

%yk; rpy Neha;fis jPh;g;gjw;F Ntz;ba topfs; ekf;F fpilf;fpd;wd.

f];J}hp khdpd; Rug;gpfs; thirid jputpakhf gad;gLj;JfpNwhk;.

kUe;JfSk; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Neha;f;F xU kUe;jhfTk; (rQ;rPtp)

Gypapd; nfhOg;G fPo;thjj;jpw;F kUe;jhfTk;> tpyq;fpay;

Njhl;lk;> jhtutpay; Njhl;lk;> caph;fhl;rp rhioy mUk;

nghUl;fsQ;rpak; Nghd;witfs; yhgj;ij rk;ghjpj;J nfhLf;fpd;wJ.

Rtpl;rh;yhe;J> gpuhd;];> ,j;jhyp> gphpl;ld; Nghd;w ehLfspy;

cy;yhr gazq;fs; %yk; md;dpa nryhtzp fpilf;fpwJ.

tpQ;Qhd kjpg;gPL

fhLfis rhh;e;J jhd; td tpyq;Ffs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. xU ehl;bd; jhtu

tiffSk;> td tpyq;FfSk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W xj;Jg; Nghff; $baitahf ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lk;. tpyq;Ffs; kw;Wk; gwitfspd; ,d cw;gj;jpf;F jhtuq;fSk;

cjTfpd;wd. gwitfshy; tpOq;fg;gl;l goq;fs; nrhpf;fg;gl;l ntspNa

tpOe;J ntt;NtW ,lq;fpsy; jhtuq;fshf tsh;e;J tpLfpd;wd.

v.fh. gwitfs; : re;jd goq;fs;> rh;g;gf;fe;jp> mj;jp>

jhdp> Gspr;rp
Nghd;witfspd; nfhl;ilfs;.
khd; : rPiff;fha; ehtpy;
ej;ij : Njhl;lq;fspy; kz; gz;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
Fstp : Njd; Nghd;witfshy; kfuq;j Nrh;f;iff;F
cjTfpd;wd.

td tpyq;Ffspd; Rw;WGwr; #o;epiy:

Ecology vd;gJ jhtuq;fs;> tpyq;Ffs; mijr;Rw;wp ,Uf;fpd;w

#o;epiyfs; gw;wp gbg;gjhFk;. Habbit - gof;fk; vd;gJ Rw;wp

mike;jpUf;fpd;w ghiw> kPd;> #o;epiy kw;Wk; tsUjk; Kiw

,tw;iw nghUj;Nj mike;jpUf;Fk;. ,e;jpahtpy; 500 khWgl;l

ghYl;bfs;> 2000 gwit ,dq;fs;> kPd;fs;> Ch;td Kjypa

,Uf;lfpd;wd. ,it midj;Jk; #o;epiyf;F jFe;jthW tho;fpd;wd.

tpyq;Ffspd; thof;iff;F #o;epiyf;fhuzp Kf;fpakhdJ MFk;. Me;j

,ljp;jpy; ntg;gk;> <uj;jd;ik> fhw;W> Nkfk; ,tw;iw nghUj;J

tpyq;Ffspd; tho;f;ifj;juk; mikf;fpd;wd. gwitfSk;> tpyq;FfSk;>

Ch;td Nghd;witfSk; mjpf rPNjh\d epiyapy; ,Ue;pJ jq;fis

fhg;ghw;wp nfhs;fpwJ. ,jw;F rhd;whf Ch;td.(ghk;G) ,uT

Neuj;jpy; ,iuia Njb nfhs;fpwJ. Gwitfs; gfypy; ,iuia Njbf; nfhz;L

,utpy; Xa;ntLj;Jk; nfhs;;;fpwJ. Me;ijahdJ ,utpy; kl;Lk; jd; ,iuia

Njbf; nfhs;fpwJ. ,t;thW ,utpy; jphpAk; gwitfs;> tpyq;Ffs;

Mfpatw;iw Nocturnal Animal vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. Mf;]p[d; xU

fhuzp MFk;. Mjpf Mf;]p[d; cs;s jz;zPhpy; rpy kPd; tiffs; thOk;

v.fh. Fish Fout: Fiwe;j Mf;]p[d; cs;s jz;zPhpy; rpy kPd;fshy;

tho KbAk;.
v.fh Cat- Fish :

kz; xU fhuzp MFk; kz;zpd; tsj;ij nghWj;Nj jhtu tsh;r;rp

,Uf;fpd;wJ. kz;zpd; Fiwe;j msT nghl;lh> gh];Ngl; jhJ cg;Gfs;

,Ue;jhy; mtw;iw cz;L thOk; tpyq;fpw;F czTr;rj;J FiwghLfs;

Vw;gLfpd;wJ.
 G+kp MWtif tpyq;fpay; gFjpahf gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xt;nthU

Zone – Yk; gyjugl;l tpyq;Ffs; tho;fpd;wJ. ngdpRyhpy; Gyp>

ahid> fhl;nlUik> rk;ghh;> thpkhd;> rPj;jhy; Nghd;w kpUfq;fs;

tho;fpd;wd. ,jw;F Njitahd czT #o;epiyak; mq;F mike;jpUf;fpwJ.

Fq;if gpuk;kGj;jpuh ejpf;fiuapy; mike;Js;s Rthkp nly;lhtpy;

<ugjk; epiwe;Js;sJ. MfNt> mq;F rJg;G epy khd;> vUik>

fhz;lhkpUfk;> Gyp> Kjiy Mfpait tho;fpd;wd. ,t;tif #o;epiyapy;

,it tho trjpahf cs;sJ. vdNt> xU ,lj;jpd; #o;epiyia nghWj;J

mt;tplj;jpy; mit tho;fpd;wd.

,aw;if Kiwapy; td tpyq;Ffspd; ghJfhg;G:

td tpyq;Ffis Mgj;jpypUe;Jk;;> Neha;fspypUe;Jk;

guhkhpg;gJ td tpyq;F eph;thfj;ij rhh;e;jJ MFk;. NkYk;> td

tpyq;Ffspd; ngUf;fj;jpw;F cz;lhd topfs; nra;tJk; Kf;fpakhd

xd;whFk;.

NkYk;> td tpyq;Ffis ,aw;ifapd; Neub jhf;Fjypy; ,Ue;Jk;>

kiwKf jhf;Fjypy; ,Ue;Jk; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;. jhtuq;fSf;F rf;jp #hpa

xsp cjtpapd; %yk; fpilf;fpwJ. mjhtJ> #hpa xspapd; cjtpahy;

(Photosyntheris) eilngw;W jhtuq;fSf;F Ntz;ba fhh;gd;- il-Mf;i]L>

jz;zPh;> jhJ cg;Gfs; fpilf;fpwJ. ,ij jpd;Dk; tpyq;Ffs; jdf;F Ntz;ba

rf;jpia jhtuq;fs; %yk; ngWfpwJ. Gyhy; cz;Zk; tpyq;Ffs;> ML>

khL> khd; Nghd;w gpuhzpfis nfhd;W cz;Ztjhy; mr;rf;jpia ,e;j

kpUfq;fspd; %yk; ngWfpwJ. ,k;Kiwf;f rf;jp khw;wk; vdf;

$wyhk;. czTj; Njitia Kd;dpl;L rpy gwitfs; Xhplj;jpypUe;J

Ntwplj;jpw;F gazk; nra;fpwJ. cztpy; nfhOg;G> GNuhl;Bd;>

fhh;Ngh i`l;Nul;> itl;lkpd;> jhJ cg;Gfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,tw;wpd;

%yk; gwitfs; rf;jpia ngWfpd;wd. ntg;g uj;j gpuhzp jdf;F Ntz;ba

rf;jpia Nfhil fhyj;jpy; Nrfhpj;Jf; nfhz;L Fsph;fhyj;jpy; J}f;fj;ij

Nkw;nfhs;fpwJ.

ePh;j;NjitAk; tpyq;FfSf;F Kf;fpakhdK MFk;. cly; $WfSf;F

jFe;jthW rpy gwitfSk;> tpyq;FfSk; czit Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wd.

gwitfs; clYf;F jFe;jthW G+r;rpfs;> goq;fs;> Mfpatw;iw jpd;W

tho;fpd;wd. mJNghy; tpyq;Ffs; jd; clYf;f jFe;jthW khkpr grp

cilajhfTk; cs;sJ. ,t;thwhf gy tpyq;Ffs; jq;fis ghJfhj;Jf;

nfhs;fpd;wd.

,aw;if Kiwapy; td tpyq;Ffspd; mopT:

Starvation (gl;bdpahy; rhFk; tpyq;Ffs;) mjpf FspuhYk;>

mjpf ntg;gj;jhYk;> epiw tpyq;Ffs; ,we;J tpLfpd;wd. kio> Gay;

Nghd;w ,aw;if fhuzq;fshy; tp[yq;Ffs; czitj; Njbf; nfhs;s Kbahky;

gl;bdpahy; ,we;J tpLfpwJ. mJNghy; gwitfs; ,uT Neuj;jpy; ePz;l

J}uk; gwf;fk; NghJ Nghjpa ntg;gk; ,y;yhikahy; NruNtz;ba

,lj;jpy; Nrh;j;J itj;j czit Njbf; nfhs;s KbahkYk; ghjp gpuahzj;jpy;

kbe;J tpLfpd;wJ. $L fl;Lk; gwitfs;> caukhd kuq;fspy; mJTk;

mk;kuq;fs; Mokhd ePh; epiwe;j ,lq;fspy; mike;jpUg;gjhy;

mt;tpdj;ij nfhd;W jpd;Dk; vjphpfsplkpUe;J jg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;s

KbfpwJ.

,t;thwhf gwitfSk;> tpyq;FfSk; ,aw;if hPjpapy;

ghJfhg;Gk;> mopTk; Vw;gLfpwJ. td tpyq;Ffis ghJfhg;gJ vd;gJ

mt;tpyq;FfSf;F Njitahd ePh;> czT kw;Wk; vy;yhj #o;epiyfisAk;

cUthf;fp nfhLj;J tpyq;Ffspd; vz;zpf;ifia tsg;gLj;jyhk;. NkYk;>

kiwKfkhf tpyq;Ffisak;> gwitfisAk; Rl;L tPo;j;Jgth;fis rl;lj;jpd;

%yk; jz;bj;J ,t;thW elg;gij jLf;fyhk;.

Kf;fpa rpy tpyq;Ffspd; Njhw;wk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G Kiw:

Gyp:
Njhw;wk;: Mz;: ePsk; -300 nr.kP. ruhrhp ePsk;
275-290 nr.kP
ruhrhp vil: 400-500 gTz;l; (180-230
fpNyh)
ngz;: ePsk; 250 nr.kP.
ruhrhp vil – 100 gTz;l;(45 fpNyh)

Gyp ekJ ehl;bd; Njrpa tpyq;F kl;Lky;yhky; ,e;jpahtpd;

Mj;k gykhfTk; cs;sJ vd;gij ahuhYk; jtph;f;f ,ayhJ. cyfpy; thOk;

4500 Kjy;p 7500 Gypfspd; vz;zpf;ifapy; ghjp vz;zpf;if

,;e;jpahtpy; kl;LNk ,Ug;gJ rpwg;G kpFe;jJ. ,j;jifa rpwg;G kpFe;j

Gypia ekJ ehL Ntfkhf ,oe;J tUFpwJ. Vwf;Fiwa 200 Kjy; 350

Gypfs; tUle;NjhWk; #iuahlg;gLfpd;wd. Gypapd; rpwe;j

tpUe;jhd khDk; kpf Ntfkhf Ntl;ilahlg;gl;L tUtJ Ntjidf;FhpaJ.

Mjdhy; Gypapd; grpjPu efUf;Fs; EioAk; NghJ kf;fshy; mJ

NguopTf;F MshfpwJ.

ahid:

Njhw;wk;: cauk;: 3.20 kP. Rhjhuzkhf xU Mz; ahidapd;

cauk; 2.75kP. ngz; ahidapd; cauk; Mz; ahidia tpl 30 nr.kP

Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;. xU N[hb je;jq;fspd; cil 100 gTz;l; mjhtJ 45.5

fpNyh vil ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

ahidapd; ghh;it FWfpaJ. Rthrpf;Fk; jd;ik> cUthf;Fk; rf;jp

kpfTk; mjpfk;> Nfl;Fk; jpwd; mjpfk;> Gj;jp $h;ikAs;s rhJh;akhd

tpyq;F MFk;. 200 kdpjh;fs; nra;af;$ba Ntiyia xU ahid

nra;JtpLk;. ahidapd; je;jj;jpw;fhf mjid nfhy;tJ ,g;NghJ kpFe;j

mstpy; ngUfptpl;lJ. ahid je;jj;jpy; nra;ag;gLk; fhg;G> rpiyfs;>

rJuq;f tpisahl;bd; ml;I; kw;Wk; Xtpak; Mfpatw;wpw;F

ntspehl;by; Fwpg;ghf [g;ghdpy; kpFe;j tuNtw;G cs;sJ. KJkiy-

ahidfs; ruzhyak; ghJfhg;gpy; kpfr;rpwg;ghf nray;gLfpwJ.

fhz;lhkpUfk;

cyfpNyNa ahidf;Fk;> ePh;ahidf;Fk; mLj;jgbahd

kpfg;nghpa tpyq;F fhz;lhkpUfk; MFk;. 5000 Mz;L goikAs;s ,jd;

vz;zpf;if fle;j 200 Mz;Lfshf Fiwe;J tUFpwJ. Mjw;F gy fhuzq;f;s

$wgl;lhYk;> kdpjNd Kf;fpa fhuzk; vd;gij kWf;f KbahJ.

fhz;lhkpUfj;jpd; nfhk;gpw;F rPdhtpYk;> ijthdpYk; kpFe;j tpiy

,Ug;gjhy; KiwNflhd th;j;jfk; mjpf mstpy; eilngw;W tUfpwJ.

Njapiyj; Njhl;lq;fis ehrkhf;fptpLk; vd;w mr;rj;jpYk;

fhz;lhkpUfq;fs; Rl;L nfhy;ygf;gLfpd;wd. fhz;lhkpUfj;jpd; efk;>

Njhy;> Fly;> vYk;G> rhzk; vd xt;nthU cWg;gpw;fhfTk;

kdpjh;fs; mtw;iw Ntl;ilahb tUfpd;wdh;. ,jdhy; nfd;ah kpftk;

ghjpg;gile;Js;sJ. fhz;lhkpUfk; xU irt gl;rpdp. Gy;Yk; ,iyj;jiofSk;>

goq;fSk; ,jd; czT. xU uapiy ftpo;f;Fk; mstpw;F mjd; nfhk;gpw;F

rf;jp cz;L. Mdhy; mjd; ghh;it rf;jp kpfTk; FiwT. Mij <L nr;aak;

tifapy; KfUk; rf;jpiaAk;> Nfl;Fk; Mw;wiyAk; ngw;Ws;sJ.

mrhkpYs;s fhrpuq;fh Njrpa G+q;fhtpy; Vuhskhd fhz;lh

kpUfq;fs; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

ePyfphp td caph; kz;ly fhg;gfk;

ePyfphp caph; kz;ly fhg;gfk; vd;gJ ika murpd; jpl;lkhFk;.

caph; kz;ly fhg;gfk; vd;gJ xU gFjpapy; cs;s kdpjd; cs;spl;l

vy;yh caphpdq;fspd; ghJfhg;igAk;> Nkk;ghl;ilAk; fUj;jpy;

nfhz;lJ. ,q;F khWgl;l jhtuq;fSk;> gpuhzpfSk; mtw;wpd; ,aw;if

#oYf;F Vw;g ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. ,e;jpahtpy; Kjy; caph;kz;ly

fhg;gfkhf ePyfphp caphp;kz;ly fhg;gfk; jw;nghOJ ,aq;fj;

Jtq;fpAs;sJ.,ijNghy; NkYk; 12 caphpd fhg;gfq;fs; Muk;gpf;fg;gl

cs;sd. ePyfphp caph;kz;ly fhg;gfj;jpw;F khepy tuk;Gfs; fpilahJ.

ePyfphp caph;kz;ly fhg;gfk; jpl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fk;

kw;Wk; gzpfs;:-

ePyfphp caph;kz;ly fhg;gfk; jpl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fkhdJ

,e;j gFjpapYs;s khWgl;l jhtuq;f;s> tpyq;Ffs;> Ez;Zaphpia

ghJfhg;gJk; ,q;Fs;s goq;Fbapdhpd; fyhr;rhuj;ij xl;bNa Kd;

khw;wk; fhZk; topKiwfis tFg;gJk; ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhz

Nehf;fkhFk;. kj;jpa murpd; cjtpAld; jkpo;ehL tdj;Jiwapduhy;

epy msit> tdghJfhg;G> Gdh; eph;khdk;> Muha;r;rp Nghd;w

gzpfs; ePyfphp caph;kz;ly fhg;gfj;jy; nray;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

,jpy; tdghJfhg;G gzpapy; gzpapy; jPj;jLg;G Ntiyfs;>

tdfhtyh;fSf;F ghJfhg;G cgfuzq;fs; toq;Fjy; Mfpad ,tw;wpy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

td ghJfhg;gG rl;lk; kw;Wk; eltbf;iffs;:-

 VO gFjpfis nfhz;l td caphpd ghJfhg;g rl;lk; 6 ml;ltizfSld;> 66

cl;ghpTfisAk; nfhz;lJ. ,r;rl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk; vy;iyapid $WtJld;

“tpyq;Ffs;: td tpyq;Ffs; caphpdq;fspd; cly; cWg;Gfs;>
rpiwgpbf;fg;gl;l

Caphpdq;fs;> Ntl;ilahLjyh; Nghd;w gy;ngWgy;NW

gjq;fSf;F njspthd tpsf;fq;fiSk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

 td caphpdq;fis Ntl;ilahLjiy jil nra;Js;s ,r;rl;lk; Ntl;ilahLtjw;F jil

nra;ag;gl;Ls;s td caphpdq;fspd; gl;baiyAk; nfhzLs;sJ. mhpa
tif jhtuq;fis ghJfhg;gJ> ruzhyak; mikg;gJ> Njrpa g+q;fhf;fis
 guhkhpg;gJ Nghd;w Rw;W #oy; ghJfhg;G jpl;lq;fisAk;
,r;rl;lk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

 cahpd ghJfhg;G gzpapid nrt;tNd Nkw;nfhs;s gy;NtW cah;

mjpfhhpfis epakpf;fTk; ,r;rl;lj;jpy; tpjpfs; cs;sd.

 tdtpyq;F ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lq;fspd; %yk; tdtpyq;Ffis ghJfhf;f

Ntz;Lk;. tdtpyq;Ffis ghJfhg;gjw;F vd Kjd; Kjyhf rl;l G+h;tkhd
eltbf;iffis vLj;j ehL vd ngUikAilaJ ek; ,e;jpahthFk;. ,jid
njhlh;e;J gy;NtW ehLfSk; rl;lq;fis ,aw;wp Rw;W #oiyAk; td
tpyq;Ffis ghJfhj;jd.

 ,e;jpa murpay; rl;lj;jpd; 51(A)(G)cl;gphpT> fhLfs; Vhpfs;>

MWfs;> tdtpyq;Ffs; Nghd;wtw;iw ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;.

 td tpyq;Ffis ghJfhg;gJ vd;gJ muR ,ae;jpuj;jhy; kl;.Lk; mila

KbahJ. nghJ [dq;fspd; xj;Jiog;Gk; kpf mtrpak;. ,jpy; muR
rhuh jdpegh;fs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fs; xj;Jiog;Gk; mlq;Fk;.
,jdhy; ,J rpwg;ghf nray;gl rl;lj;jpd; fPo; mth;fSf;F mjpfhuk;
toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

 td tpyq;Ffs; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;LNkahdhy; kf;fs; midtUk;

Fwpg;ghf fhl;bd; vy;iyg;gFjpapy; thOk; kf;fSf;F Rw;W
#oypy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs; mjdhy; Vw;gLk; tpisTfisAk;
vLj;Jiuf;f Ntz;Lk;. tdtpyq;Ffspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wpa
fy;tpawpit Gfl;l Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; %yk; td tpyq;Ffs;
mopf;fg;glhky; ghJfhf;fyhk;.

 tdg;gFjpfspy; gzpahw;Wk; Copah;fs; tdtpyq;Ffspd; kPJ

cz;ikahfNt md;Gk;> Mh;tKk; nfhz;lth;fshfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. td
 tpyq;Ffis ghjpf;Fk; nray;fis nra;gth;fs; kPJ fLk; eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;gth;fshfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

 Ntl;ilahl mDkjp toq;fg;gLfpd;w nghOJ mope;J tUk; tpyq;Ffis

Ntl;ilahl $lhJ vd njspTgLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. rl;lj;jpid kPWgth;fs;
kPJk; fLk; eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;s gLk; vd mr;RWj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

 thzpgj;jpw;fhfTk;> fs;sj;jdkhfTk; tpyq;Ffs; Ntl;ilahLjy;

rl;lg;gb jtph;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

 tdtpyq;FfSf;fhf tho;tplq;fspy; ed;Kiwapy; guhkhpf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. td tpyq;Ffs; tho;tplq;fpspy; MW myt;yJ ePNuhilfs;
khRgLkhdhy; khRglhjpUf;f jFe;j eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl
Ntz;Lk;.

 Njitahd ,dq;fis NtW ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;J nfhz;L te;J nraw;ifahf

tsh;j;J mjd; ,dj;ij gug;Gjy; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

 rpW nrbfs;> Fj;J nrbfs; Mfpad tdq;fspy; tsh;j;J jUjy; thapyhf

td tpyq;FfSf;nfd ,aw;ifahd jq;Fkplq;fs;> ghJfhg;gplq;fs;

mikj;J jUjy; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

 mopAk; epiyapYs;s ,dq;fis ghJfhg;ghd ,lq;fspy; ngUf;fkila

nra;J ,aw;ifahd ghJfhg;ghd ,lq;fspy; tpLtpj;jy;

,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

v.fh: fly; Mik Kl;ilfis Nrfhpj;J nraw;if top mil fhj;J FQ;Rfis

flypy; tpLtjd; %yk; tpUj;jpaila nra;ayhk;.

 Nehia fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd kUj;Jt cjtpfisNkw;nfhs;Sjy;

,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.
 Ntt;NtW td tpyq;Ffspd; vz;zpf;ifia mt;tg;nghOJ fzf;nfLg;g
nra;jy; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

GOVERNMENT ORDERS:

GO No. and
Abstract
Date.
FORESTS – Diversion of 0.8134 ha. of forest land in Vallanadu Reserve
Forest in Thoothukudi Forest Division to strengthen and widen the National
G.O.Ms.No.1
Highways Road 7A from Tirunelveli to Thoothukudi, in favour of NHAI, PIU,
Dated: 3.1.2008
Thoothukudi (PC) – Proposal under section 2 of Forest (Conservation) Act
1980 – Orders – Issued.
G.O.Ms.No.135 Environment Control – Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning,
Dated: Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996 – Reconstitution of State Crisis
7.12.2007 Group for Management of Chemical Accident – Orders – Issued.
G.O.(D).No.332 Forests – Community Forest Development – Karuvel Plantation raised during
Dated: 2006-07 in Tank Foreshore – First year maintenance of plantation at a cost of
28.11.2007 Rs.18.62 lakhs – Orders – Issued
G.O.Ms.No.129 Forests – Forests (Conservation) Act, 1980 – Diversion of 68.00 acres (27.51
Dated: hectare) of forest land for renewal of lease in Nilgiris District for the
26.11.2007 Establishment of Radio Astronomy Centre at Ooty – Orders – Issued.
G.O.Ms.No.102 Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board – Reconstitution of the Tamil Nadu
Dated: Pollution Control Board under Section 4(2) of the Water (Prevention and
17.11.2007 Control of Pollution) Act 1974 – Notification issued
G.O.(D).No.324 Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board – Reconstitution of the Tamil Nadu
Dated: Pollution Control Board under Section 4(2) of the Water (Prevention and
14.11.2007 Control of Pollution) Act 1974 – Notification issued
G.O.(D).No.309 Forests – Urban afforestation Scheme - Implementation in six corporations
Dated: and sub-urban areas in Tamil Nadu during the year 2007-2008 at a cost of
31.10.2007 Rs.4.00 crores – Details of scheme approved – Orders – Issued.
G.O.Rt.No.680 Establishment – Environment and Forests Department – Appointment of
Dated: Nodal Officer to participate in Lok Adalats conducted by Tamil Nadu State
29.10.2007 Legal Services Authority (Lok Adalats) – Orders – Issued.
Forests - Diversion of 4.724 ha. of Forest Land in Kodimangalam 'A" block
G.O.Ms.No.111 Reserve forest in favour of M/s. Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd., for the
Dated: construction of 400 K.V. Madurai Pugalur Double Circuit transmission line in
3.10.2007 Madurai District - Proposal under section 2 of Forest (Conservation) Act,
1980 - Orders - Issued.
G.O.Ms.No.106 Forests - Allotment of raw materials for the year 2007-2008 from outside the
Dated: forest area in plains (Social Forestry) – Allotment of Eucalyptus Hybrid wood
19.9.2007 to Tamil Nadu News Print and Papers Limited - Orders – Issued.
Forests - Diversion of 0.77 ha. Of Forest land in Manalikaradu Reserved land
G.O.Ms.No.90 in Madurai Forest Division in favour of National Highways Authority of India
Dated: for four lanning and strengthening of existing two lane road from Trichy to
16.8.2007 Madurai - Proposal under section 2 of Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 -
Orders - Issued.
G.O.Ms.No.89 Forests - Reorganization of Forest Division Co-terminals with the Revenue
Dated: District Creation of a new territorial Division for Thiruvarur District with
16.8.2007 headquarters as Thiruvarur - Orders - Issued.
G.O.Ms.No.88 Forests – Reorganisation of Forest Division – Co-terminus with Revenue
Dated: District Creation of a new territorial Division at Perambalur District with head
16.8.2007 quarters at Perambalur - Orders - Issued.
G.O.Ms.No.87 Forests – Announcement made by the Hon’ble Minister for Forests –
 Dated: Constitution of State Forest Commission to look into the various aspects of
14.8.2007 Forest and Wildlife Management in Tamil Nadu – Orders – Issued.
Forests - Diversion of 2 ha. Of Forest Land in Pachapalamalai Reserve
G.O.Ms.No.81 Forest in Salem Forest Division in favour of Public Works Department for the
Dated: 1.8.2007 formation of a pond across sambarpallam odai, Salem District - Proposal
under section 2 of Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 - Orders - Issued.
Forest-Tamil Nadu Afforestation Project-Maintenance and upkeep of areas
G.O.(2D).No.73 tackled during 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 under Tamil Nadu Afforestation
Dated: Project to carryout during 2007-2008 at a Cost of Rs.191.51 lakhs- Orders –
11.7.2007 issued.
G.O.Rt.No.377 Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board – Appointment of a member under
Dated: Section 4(2) of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 –
25.6.2007 Notification issued
G.O.(D).No.120 FORESTS – Part-II Scheme for 2007-2008 – Improvement of
Dated: Kadamalaigundu to Vellimalai Road in Theni District at a cost of Rs.50.00
30.5.2007 lakhs - Sanction orders – Issued.
G.O.(D).No.119 FORESTS – Part-II Scheme for 2007-2008 – Improvement and black topping
Dated: of Malaiyadipatti to Subramaniyasami Koil Road in Trichy District at a cost of
30.5.2007 Rs.23.07 lakhs - Sanction orders – Issued.
G.O.(D).No.118 FORESTS – Part-II Scheme for 2007-2008 – Improvement and black topping
Dated: of Kaveripatti to Karuppampatti Road 2.60 Kms. at Trichy District at a cost of
30.5.2007 Rs.36.00 lakhs - Sanction orders – Issued.
Part II Schemes 2007-2008 creation of Environment Awareness through Eco
G.O.(2D).No.63 –clubs - Orders Issued
Dated:
30.5.2007

G.O.(2D).No.62
Part II Scheme - 2007-2008 – conducting Environmental Awareness Camps
Dated:
– Sanction of Rs. 22.50 lakhs – orders issued.
30.5.2007
G.O.(2D).No.61
Part II Scheme - 2007-2008 – conducting competition on Environmental
Dated:
Awareness in each district – Sanction of Rs. 15.00 lakhs - Orders issued.
30.5.2007
G.O.(D).No.127 Forests – part II scheme- 2007-2008 Sanction of Rs.18.02 lakhs for carrying
Dated: out afforestation works in the encroachment evicted areas in Madurai and
30.5.2007 Coimbatore Circles – orders – issued.
Forest-Annual Plan proposal of TAP II for 2007-08, maintenance and
G.O.(2D).No.59
revalidation proposal for 2007-08 – Release of 40% of total cost of proposals-
Dated:
Authorizing to draw Adhoc Letter of Credit to the tune of Rs.3383 lakhs, the
25.5.2007
40% of the total cost of Rs.8457.675 lakhs-sanctioned.
Forests - Diversion of 2.03 ha. of forest land in Jarugumalai Reserve Forest
G.O.Ms. No.58 of Salem district to Tamil Nadu Electricity Board for laying 22 K.V.
Dated: transmission line from Nilavarapatty - Moolaikkadu to Melur Jarugumalai to
24.5.2007 provide infrastructure facilities to the tribals living in Jarugumalai hills -
Proposal under Section 2 of Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 - Orders issued.
Forest-ETRP – Administrative sanction for a sum of Rs.10.737 Crores for
raising coastal shelter belt plantation and mangroves and formation of ETRP
G.O.(2D). No.67 Cell under ETRP with World Bank Assistance for 2006-07 to 2008-09 –
Dated: 9.3.2007 Released Rs.8.576 Crores for 2006-07 – Orders – Issued – Formation of
ETRP Cell in the O/o the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests – Orders –
Issued.
Forests - diversion of 2.2 ha. of forest land in Kelur R.F. of Tiruvannamalai
forest division and 0.3 ha. of forest land in Mudhanai R.F. of Tirupathur forest
G.O.Ms. No.29
division for improvement of existing roads from Arani to Polur and Polur to
Dated:
Chengam in Tiruvannamalai District in favour of Project Director, Tamil Nadu
23.2.2007
Road Sector Project, Chennai - Proposal under Section 2 of Forest
(Conservation) Act, 1980 - Orders issued.
 Forests - diversion of 0.20 ha. of forest land in Thatchamalai R.F. of Tiruchi
Division / District to Project Director, National Highways Authority of India,
G.O.Ms. No.35
Trichy for four lanning and widening of N.H.45 stretch between Tiruchi to
Dated: 3.2.2007
Madurai - Proposal under Section 2 of Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 -
Orders issued.
Forests-TAP-Administrative sanction of Rs.l0.00 Crores for maintenance of
Lr. No.26051
Tamil Nadu Afforestation Project Village during 2003-2004 and 2004-
Dated: 9.3.2004
2005 --Orders-issued-Amendment issued.
Forests-- Comprehensive Project Proposals on Padugai's Teak Planting in
G.O.(D).No.22
Tamil Nadu during a period of five years from 2003-2004 to 2007-2008 A
Dated:
sum of Rs.l.5847 Crore for Thanjavur Division for 2003-2004-Sanction
22.01.2004
Orders-Issued.
G.O.Ms.No.338 FORESTS-- Tamil Nadu Afforestation Project-- Administrative sanction of
Dated: Rs.10.00. Crores for maintenance of Tamil Nadu Afforestation Project
03.12.2003 Villages during 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 --Orders-Issued
Environment Control - Environment Impact Assessment Notification 1994 as
G.O.Ms.No.174
amended on 10.4.97 - Implementation - Process of Public hearing
Dated:
Constitution of panel for Public Hearing in Theni, Thiruvannamalai,
7.11.2003
Villupuram and Tirunelveli Districts - Orders - Issued.
FORESTS-Wildlife-Ex-gratia /Compensation to the loss of human life and
G.O.Ms.No.171
damages caused by Wildlife-Creation of Revolving Fund with Rs.8.00 lakhs
Dated:
and Constitution of a Committee with delegation of powers to operate the
5.11.2003
Fund-Orders-Issued.
FORESTS-Wildlife-Sanctuaries, Children's Park etc. - Enhancement of hire
G.O.Ms.No.133 charges of Government elephants, entrance fee for vehicles and hire
Dated: charges for elephant ride etc. - Orders-Issued.
23.7.2003

Environment Control - Environment Impact Assessment - Notification 1994

G.O.Ms.No.128
as amended on 10.4.97 - Implementation - Process of Public hearing -
Dated: 1.7.2003
Constitution of panel for Public Hearing in District - Orders - Issued.
G.O.Ms.No.125 Environment Control – Environmental Impact Assessment – Notification 1994
Dated: as amended on 10.4.1997 – Implementation – Process of Public hearing –
24.6.2003 Constitution of Panel for Public hearing in Districts – Orders – Issued.
ENVIRONMENT CONTROL - Environmental Impact Assessment -
G.O.Ms.No.59
Notification 1994 as amended on 10-4-1997 - Implementation - Process of
Dated:
Public hearing Constitution of Panel for Public Hearing in Districts - Orders -
17.3.2003
Issued.
G.O.Ms.No.45 Tamil Nadu Timber Transit Rules 1968 - Inclusion of Silver Oak tree in the
Dated: purview of Tamil Nadu Timber Transit Rules, 1968- Amendment to Rules -
03.03.2003 Issued.
G.O.Ms.No.44 The Tamil Nadu Forest Act, 1882 inclusion of Silver Oak tree in the list of
Dated: Scheduled Timbers- Amendment to Tamil Nadu Forest Act, 1882-Notification
03.03.2003 issued.
G.O.Ms.No.191 Environment Control-EIA-Notification 1994 as amended on 10-4-97 -
Dated: Implementation - Process of Public hearing - Constitution of Panel for Public
10.10.2002 Hearing in Districts - Orders - Issued.
G.O.Ms.No.132
FORESTS - Tamil Nadu Forest Subordinate Service - Reservation of
Dated:
Appointment - 10% Reservation to Sportsman -Orders - Issued.
18.6.2002
G.O.Ms.No.67 E.C. - Environmental Impact Assessment - Notification 1994 as amended on
Dated: 10.4.97 - Implementation - Process of Public hearing - Constitution of Panel
12.3.2002 for Public Hearing in districts - Orders - Issued.
G.O.Ms.No.37 ENVIRONMENT CONTROL - Environmental Impact Assessment -
Dated: Notification 1994 as amended on 10-4-97 - Implementation - Process of
18.2.2002 Public hearing - Constitution of Panel for Public hearing in districts - orders -
 Issued.
G.O.Ms.No.33 Environment Control - Conservation of Lakes - Abatement of Pollution and
Dated: revival of Udhagamandalam and Kodaikanal Lakes - Schemes to be
28.2.2001 implemented with central assistance - Administrative approval - Orders -
Issued.
G.O.Ms.No.208 Environment control – Adjudication of disputes relating to Environment and
Dated: Pollution – Supreme court’s direction – Reconstitution of State Appellate
15.9.2000 Authority
G.O.Ms.No.205,
Forests- wildlife – Sanction of financial assistance to the victims who are
Dated 12-9-
killed/injured by the attack of wild animals – Pattern of relief – Rationalized
2000
Forests – External Assistant from, Japan Bank for International Co-
G.O.Ms.No.142,
Operation – Implementation of Field Operations” during 2000-2001
Dated:
– Proposals under Part – A of Tamilnadu Afforestation Project– Decisions of
23.06.2000.
the 4th High Level Empowered committee – Approve
G.O.Ms.No.93, Animal Husbandry - Danida Assisted Tamil Nadu Livestock Development
Dated: Project (Phase II) – Fourth Year of the Project (2000-2001) – proposal
9.06.2000. approved
Environment – Bio-medical Waste Management – Bio-medical Waste
G.O.Ms.No. 72
(Management & Handling) Rules, 1998 – Implementation of Constitution of a
Dated: 6.4.2000
State Level Advisory Committee
Environment and Forests Department – Implementation of the Scheme viz.
“Green Belt for Abatement of Pollution and Environment Improvement” in
G.O.MS.No. Five Cities / Towns during 1999-2000 – Approval and sanction of the
30Dated: Government of India – Sanction and Release of funds
4.2.2000

G.O.Ms.No. 226 Environment Central – Coastal regulation zone – Tamil Nadu State coastal
Dated: Zone Management Authority – clearance of Projects – Levy of Scrutiny
15.10.1999 Fees – Revised
G.O.Ms.No. 41 Bio-medical waste – Bio-medical waste (management and Handling Rules
Dated: 1998 – Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, Chairman appointed as
15.2.1999 prescribed authority
G.O.Ms.No.373 Environment Control – Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 1994
Dated: as amended on 10.4.97 – Expert Committee to clear the Thermal Power
29.12.1998 projects Constituted
G.O.Ms.No.246 Environment Control – Establishment of Project Management Cell for the
Dated: 3.7.1997 Cauvery Action Programme
G.O.Ms.No.335
ENVIRONMENT – Annual Plan for 1995-96 Part-II Scheme – Establishment
Dated:
of a Department of Environment
13.10.1995
G.O.Ms.No.166 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (Central Act 14 of 1981) -
Dated: Revision of rates of Consent fees - Amendment to Tamil Nadu Air
30.7.1996 (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1983 - Issued.
G.O.Ms.No.165 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (Central Act 6 of 1974)
Dated: - Revision of rates of Consent fees - Amendment to Tamil Nadu Water
30.7.1996 (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1983 - Issued.
G.O.Ms.No.272
Environment Control - Constituted of District Environmental Committees to
Dated:
focus environmental protection at District level - Orders - Issued.
10.7.1990
G.O.Ms.No.213 ENVIRONMENT CONTROL – Control of Pollution of Water Sources –
Dated: Location of industries within 1 K.M. from the embankments of rivers,
30.3.1989 streams, dams etc. – Imposition of restrictions – Orders – Issued.
Ntl;ilahLk; NghJ filgpbf;fNtz;ba tpjpfs;:-

 mDkjp ngw;W Fwpg;gpl;l vy;iff;Fs; Fwpgpl;l fhyq;fspy;

kl;LNk Ntl;ilahl Ntz;Lk;.
 Rl;lTld; nfhd;WtplNtz;Lk;> tpsf;Ffs; Nghl;L Rlf;$lhJ
 ePh;epiyfspd; mUfpYk;> cg;G FopfspYk; Rlf;$lhJ.
 jhNd jtW nra;jhYk;> gpwh; jtW nra;jhYk;> clNd
mjpfhhpfSf;F njhpag;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
 ngz; ,df; Fl;bfisAk;> ,dtpUj;jp fhyq;fspy; ngz; kpUfq;fisAk;
Rlf; $lhJ.
 tpyq;Ffis fhag;gLj;jpAk;> capUf;F Nghuhl;lk; vd;w
epiyapYk; tplyhfhJ

 Rl;l cld; mg;Gwg;gLj;jp jiuapy; uj;jk; rpe;jhky; fhj;Jf;

nfhs;Sjy; mtrpak;.
 tdtpyq;Ffs; moptpw;F fhuzq;fs;:-

td tpyq;Ffs; thOk; ,lq;fis mopj;jy;

tdq;fspd; thOk; tpyq;Ffs;> gwitfs; Mfpatw;wpw;F Nghjpa

ghJfhg;G ,y;yhik> tdj;jpw;F ntspNaAk; ghJfhg;G ,y;yhjJ.

gaph;ghJfhg;G mspf;fg;gl;l MAjq;fis jtwhd topapy;

gad;gLj;Jjy;

ntspehl;L jhtuq;fis cw;gj;jp nr;ajy;

mizf;fl;Ljy;> kpd; epiyaq;fs; mikj;jy; Nghd;w gzpfSf;F

kdpjh;fs;; mjpf mstpy; tdj;jpw;Fs; js;spf; nfhs;tJ

mjpf msT G+r;rpf;nfhy;yp kUe;ij Muha;r;rpfspd; ngahpy;

cgNahfpj;jy;

mjpf mstpy; fhy;eil Nka;r;riy Cf;Ftpg;gJ

Ntl;ilahLtjw;F chpkq;fis toq;FtJ

ghh;itahsh;fis mjpf mstpy; mDkjpg;gJ Nghd;witfshy; td

tpyq;Ffs; mopfpd;wd

,e;jpahtpYs;s ruzhyaq;fs;> Njrpa G+q;fh:

t.
ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fs; khepyk; Kf;fpa tpyq;Ffs;
vz;
1 nrd;id fpz;b Njrpa G+q;fh jkpo;ehL khd;fspd; tiffs;
Ntle;jhq;fy;> gwitfs;
2 jkpo;ehL R+o;epiyf;Nfw;g ,lk; ngaUk; gwitfs;
ruzhyak;
KJkiyf;fhL ruzhyak;>
3 jkpo;ehL ahid> fhl;L vUJ> fhl;L Mz; gd;wp
ePyfpup
ahid> rpWj;ij> Gyp> khd; ,dq;fs;
4 Mizkiy ruzhyak;> Nfhit jkpo;ehL
kw;Wk; Mz; gd;wp
ngupahu; ruzhyak;>
5 Nfush ahid> fhl;L Mz; gd;wp
Njf;fb
fhrpuq;fh Njrpa G+q;fh fhz;lh kpUfk;> ahid> Gyp> fhl;L
6 (xw;iwf; nfhk;G fhz;lh m];]hk; Mz; gd;wp> gwit kw;Wk;
kpUfk;) kiyg;ghk;G
Re;ju; ghu;f; (Gypfs; Nkw;F Gyp> khd;> fq;if tif lhy;gpd;
7
ruzhyak;) tq;fhsk; kw;Wk; Kjiyfs;.
8 m]hupghf; Njrpa G+q;fh gPfhu; Gyp> fub> Iadh> kw;Wk; fhl;L Mz;
 gd;wp
cj;jpu
9 fhu;ngl; Njrpa G+q;fh Gyp kw;Wk; ahiz
gpuNjrk;
Mrpa rpq;fk;> rpWj;ij kw;Wk; khd;
10 fpu; Njrpa G+q;fh F[uhj;
tif
fz;zh Njrpa G+q;fh kj;jpa
11 ahid> rpWj;ij> kw;Wk; khd; ,dq;fs;
(khz;bah) gpuNjrk;
ghe;jpg;G+u; Njrpa ahid> Gyp> fub kw;Wk; fhl;L Mz;
12 fu;ehlfh
G+q;fh gd;wpfs;

jkpo;ehl;bYs;s ruzhyaq;fs;> Njrpa G+q;fh:

nrd;id - fpz;b Njrpa G+q;fh

KJkiy – td tpyq;Ffspd; ruzhyak;

,e;jpuhfhe;jp td caphpd ca;tplk;> nghs;shr;rp

Kz;le;Jiw - fsf;fhL Gypfs; fhg;gfk;

Nfhbaf;fiu- tdtpyq;F ruzhyak;

Ntle;jhq;fy; - gwitfs; ruzhyak;

Ntl;lhd;Fb - ePh;gwit ruzhyak;

%d;wilg;G – gwitfs; ruzhyak;

fhpf;fplhp gwitfs; ruzhyak;

ruzhyak;:

vq;nfq;F tpyq;FfisAk;> gwitfisAk; Ntl;ilahLtjpy; ,Ue;Jk;>

nfhy;yg;gLtjpypUe;Jk; jd;dpr;irahf tho;fpd;w ghJfhg;ghd

#o;epiy nfhz;l gFjpNA ruzhyak; vd;ggLk;. Ruzhyaq;fis khepy

murhYk;> tdj;Jiw jiythpd; ghpe;JiuNahL Vw;gLj;j mjpfhuk;

cz;L. ,tw;wpy; vy;iyfis khepy muR tdj;Jiw jiytuhy; khw;wp

mikf;fyhk;. ruzhyaq;fspy; tpyq;Ffs;> gwitfs; Mfpatw;wpw;F

Njitahd ePh;epiyfs;> cg;G Fopfs;> ciwtplq;fs; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

mt;thW Vw;gLj;j tdr;ruf gFjpf;F nrd;W Neupy; Nrfupj;j jfty;fs;

,Njh ek; ghu;itf;F…..

 fsf;fhL Kz;le;Jiw Gypfs; fhg;gfk;

Kd;Diu:

13.06.2008 md;W Nkw;nfhz;l fsg;gazj;jpd; tptukhtJ. fhiy

11 kzp mstpy; fsf;fhL Kz;le;Jiw Gypfs; fhg;gf tdr;ruf

mYtyfj;jpw;F nrd;Nwhk;. mq;F ,Ue;j mYtyu; jpU. utp vd;ghupd;

%ykhf fsf;fhL tdg;gFjpapy; thOk; mupa tif tpyq;fpdq;fs;

gw;wp njupe;Jnfhz;Nlhk;. gpd;du; mq;Nf mikf;fg;gl;bUe;j jfty;

gyif %ykhf fsf;fhL tdg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; tpyq;fpdq;fs;

ngau;fis tpupthfj; njupe;Jnfhz;Nlhk;.

Gypfs; jpl;lk;: (PROJECT TIGER)

 1972k; Mz;L Gypfs; jpl;lk; (Project Tiger) nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ.

 Vg;uy; 1973 Kjd; Kjypy; Neghs vy;ifapid tdg;gpuNjrkhf

nfhz;L Kjy; Project Tiger jpl;lk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.

 ,e;jpahtpy; ,Jtiu 27 Gypfs; fhg;gfk; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

 jkpo;ehl;by; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s xNu Gypfs; fhg;gfk; fsf;fhL

Kz;le;Jiw Gypfs; fhg;gfk; MFk;.

fsf;fhL Kz;le;Jiw Gypfs; fhg;gfk;:-

,e;jpahtpy; gy mupa tifahd tpyq;FfisAk;> jhtuq;fisAk;

jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;s fsf;fhL Kz;le;Jiw Gypfs; fhg;gfk; fsf;fhL td

capupd ruzhyak; kw;Wk; Kz;le;Jiw td capupd ruzhyaq;fis

jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;L gy;Yapu;g; ngUf;fj;jpw;F ghu; Nghw;Wk; rpwe;j

Gypfs; fhg;gfkhfj; jpfo;fpwJ. jkpofj;jpd; nkhj;j tdj;jpd; gug;G

22.75 yl;r n`f;Nlh;. Nkw;F kiyj;njhlh; 5>59>600 n`f;Nlh; MFk;.

fsf;fhL Kz;le;Jiw Gypfs; fhg;gfk; Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyapy;

njd;Nfhbapy; mike;Js;sJ. ,e;j Gypfs; fhg;gfk; jpUney;Ntyp

khtl;lj;jpy; Rkhh; 895 r.fp.kP. gug;gstpy; ePz;L tphpe;J 1988-k;

Mz;L cjakhfpaJ. kpfTk; Gfo; tha;e;j ,e;jf; fhg;gfj;jpYs;s

mf];jpau; kiy jhtu tiffspYk; jw;R+o;epiyapYk; ,e;jpahtpYs;s

jhtu tiffspy; ngau; ngw;w 5 ,lq;fspy; xd;whj; jpfo;fpwJ.

fPo;f;fhDk; gl;baypy; fhzg;gLk; tpyq;F tiffs; fsf;fhL

tdg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

Gyp tiuahL fOijg;Gyp fPupg;gps;is

fhl;L vUik nre;eha; fUq;Fuq;F kiy nkhq;fhd;
rpWj;ijg;Gyp Ks;sk;gd;wp ahid fhl;L Me;ij
kpsh eup Fuq;F gwit fPup
kueha; fhl;Lg;gd;wp Njthq;F fhl;Lf;Nfhop
rUFkhd; Fs;s eup cLk;G uh[hsp
GDFg;G+id vWk;G jpd;dp kiyazpy; goe;jpd;dp
gr;irg;Gwh fub kiyg;ghk;G mYq;F ntsthy;
fhl;Lg;G+id rpq;fthy; uh[ehfk;

,e;j fhg;gfj;jpYs;s rpy tdgFjpfs; ,aw;if gilj;j epiyapNyNa

jw;NghJ fhzg;gl;L tiftifahd jhtuq;fisAk;> tpyq;FfisAk; jd;dfj;Nj

nfhz;L gy;Yaph; ngUf;fj;jpw;F rhy rpwe;jjhf ruzhyakhf jpfo;tjhy;

ghJfhj;J guhkhpj;jpl khdpl Fyj;jpw;F ,d;wpaikahj xd;whFk;.

td caphpdq;fis fzf;nfLg;G nra;tjpd; %yk; ,e;j Gypfs;

fhg;gfj;jpid NkYk; rpwe;J tpsq;f top nra;ayhk;.

Area: Core : 537 rJu fp.kP.

Buffer : 358 rJu fp.kP.
Longitude : 77 10’ E and 77 35’E
Latitude : 825’N to 8 53’N
Altitude : 40M to 1800M above 3500 kpy;ypkPl;lh;
jl;g ntg;gk; : 33C to 38C (Fiwe;j msT 27C mjpfgl;rk; 44C)

Gtp mikg;Gk; kz;Zk;:

fpof;fpypUe;J Nkw;fhf Vzp Nghy; Vwpnry;Yk; kiy mikT

,q;F fhzg;gLk;. mf];jpah; kiy MrpahtpNy cauj;jpy; 3tJ ,lj;jpy;

,Uf;fpwJ. mjDila cauk; 1867 kP. fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 40 kPl;lu; Kjy;

1500 kPl;lUf;Fk; NkYs;s rpfuq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Mu;Nfad;

fhyj;jpy; cUthf;fg;gl;l cUkhwpa ghiwfspypUe;J fspkz;Zk;>

tz;ly; kz;Zk; cUthf;fg;gl;L fhg;gfj;jpd; ghiwfspy; tpupe;J

fhzg;gLfpwJ.

Gypfs; fhg;gf tiuglk;:

MWfs;:

14 tifahd MWfisAk;> XilfisAk; nfhz;lJ. [Kdh ejp>

fUizahW> fhiuahh;> jhkpuguzp> Nrh;tyhh;> fPokzpKj;jhW>

NkykzpKj;jhW> vYkpr;irahW> tz;lhs Xil> gr;irahW>

NfhijahW> ek;gpahW> nfhLKbahh;> uhkhejp> kapyhW>

Fe;jpahW.

mizfl;Lfs;:

fhiuahh;> Nyhah; miz> Nrh;tyhh;> kzpKj;jhh;> fldh

ejp> uhkejp> Nfhijahh;> tlf;F gr;irahW> nfhLKbahh; Nghd;w

mizfl;Lfs; cs;sd.

jhtu ngUf;fk;:

jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lj;jpy; kl;LNk fhzg;gLk; 2105 ,dq;fSila

157 FLk;gj;ij rhh;e;j jhtu tiffs; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

Ma;;T gzpfs;:

gy;NtW Ma;T gzpfs; fsf;fhL Kz;le;Jiw Gypfs; fhg;gfj;jpy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd.

 gRik khwh fhLfspy; fhzg;gLk; gwitfs; gw;wpa Ma;T

 Kz;le;JiwapypUe;J ,lk; ngaUk; gwitfs; gw;wpa Ma;T

  Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyapy; fhzg;gLk; ghY}l;bfs;> Ch;td
,Utho;tpfs; gw;wpa Ma;T

 rpq;fthy; Fuq;F> fUq;Fuq;F> Njthq;F gw;wpa rpwg;G

Ma;Tfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.

fsf;fhL Kz;le;Jiw eph;thf mikg;G:

fsf;fhL Kz;le;Jiw eph;thf mikg;Gf;fhf 7 tdr;rufq;fshf

gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
 1. jpUf;FWq;Fb 4. Nky; Nfhijahh;

2. fsf;fhL 5. ghgehrk;

3. mk;ghrKj;jpuk; 6. Kz;le;Jiw

7. filak;

1. 7 tdr;rufq;fSk; 30 gPl;Lfshf gphpf;fg;gl;L Vwj;jho 160 rufq;fshf

eph;zapf;fg;gl;L ghJfhg;G gzp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.

2. 7 tdr;rufq;fisAk; Jiz ,af;Fdh;> mYth; kw;Wk; fs ,af;Fdh;

mYtyh; Nkw;ghh;itapy; ghJfhg;G gzp Nkw;nfhs;sgl;L tUfpwJ.

fsf;fhL Kz;le;Jiw – td tiffs;:

jkpofj;jpy; cs;s nkhj;j tdj;jpd; gug;G 22.75 yl;r n`f;Nlh; MFk;. ,jpy;

Nkw;F kiy njhlh; 5>59>600 n`f;Nlh; gug;gpy; mike;Js;sJ. cyfj;jpy; 3

Mega Diversity cs;sJ.

 western Ghat Mega diversity

 Eastern Himalaya Mega Bio diversity

 West Himalaya Mega Bio-diversity

,jpy; Global Hot Spot vd;w ,uz;L Bio diversity miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

 Western Ghat Bio diversity

 Eastern Himalaya Bio diversity

mjpy; western Ghat Bio diversity Fwpg;gpljf;f tifapy; fsf;fhL Kz;le;Jiw

Gypfs; fhg;gfk; mike;Js;sJ.

 Gfo; tha;e;j mf];jpah; kiy jhtu tiffspYk;> jw;#o;epiyapYk;

,e;jpahtpy; (Plant Bio diversity and endemism ) cs;s jhtu tiffspy; ngah;

ngw;w 5 ,lq;fspy; xd;whf jpfo;fpwJ.

jhtu tiffs;:

jpUney;Ntyp mjidr; Rw;wp cs;s tdq;fspy; kl;Lk; 157 jhtu

FLk;gq;fSk;> 872 Genera and 2105 jhtu ,dq;fis> Epitome of the Madras

State Flora gjpT nra;Js;sJ.

fsf;fhL Kz;le;Jiw Gypfs; fhg;gfj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; tdtiffs;:

 10 tifahd tdtiffs; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;sJ.

 mf];jpah; kiyapy; kl;LNk 150 tifahd mhpa jhtuq;fs;

jw;#o;epiyapy; (vz;lkpk;) fhzg;gLfpwJ.

 mfj;jpakiy 1867 kP. cauKilaJ.

10 tifahd td tsq;fs;:

 njd; ntg;g kz;;ly Fsph; gRikkhwh fhLfs;

 jpUney;Ntyp gRikkhwh fhLfs;

 njd;gpuhe;jpa Mu fyg;gpd ,iyAjph; fhLfs;

 ntg;g kz;ly ePNuhil kw;Wk; Mw;Wg;gLif fhLfs;

 twz;l Njf;F fhLfs;

 njd; gpuhe;jpa fyg;gpd ,iyAjph; fhLfs;

  fh;ehbf; Fil tif Kl;Gjh; fhLfs;

 <j;jy; fhL tiffs;

 njd;dpe;jpa kiygpuNjr <u Fsph; fhLfs;

 jho;e;j kw;Wk; cah; mLf;fp[y; cs;s Gy;ntsp fhLfs;

I. njd; ntg;g kz;ly Fsph; gRik khwhfhLfs;

 1A/C3- tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

 NrhNyh fhLfs; vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ.

 mf];jpa kiyapy; cah;e;j gFjpapYk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

 Kj;Jf;Fsp tay;> Nky; Nfhijahh;> fd;dpnfl;b> ,Q;rpFop gFjpapy;

,t;tif fhLfs; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

 10kP cauk; tiu tsUk;.

 762 kP Kjy; 1524 kP cauk; cah;epiy mLf;fpy; ,t;tif fhLfs;

fhzg;gLk;.

Kf;fpakhd kutiffs;:-

 Nfhq;F - Hopea parvi flora

 ehq;F - Mesua ferrea

 nrhf;yh - Aglaia bourdilloni

 ntbgyh - Cullenia exarillat

 Uj;uhl;rk; - Elaecocarpus venustes Elaecocarpus tuberculatus

 nrq;FwpQ;rp - Gluta trarancorica

 mapdp - Artocarpus hirusta

 ,ytq;fk; - CinnamomumZeylanicum
II jpUney;Ntyp gRikkhwh fhLfs;:-

 2A/C3 tifgg;Lj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

 Fsph; gRikkhwh fhLfSf;Fk;> <u ,iyAjph; fhLfSf;Fk; ,ilNa ,e;j tif

fhLfs; fhzg;gLk;

 250kP Kjy; 550kP cauk; cs;s mLf;fpy; ,t;tif fhLfs; fhzg;gLk;

 ghgehr kiyf;F Nky; ,t;tif fhLfis fhzyhk;

 ghgehrk; RF, fsf;fhL RF-y; fhLfs; epiwe;J fhzg;gLfpwJ.

kutiffs;

 fUq;Nfhq;F - Hopi a Utilis

 nghd;ghjhp - Steropermum personatum

 Njhffj;jp - Dalbergia latifolia

 gyh - Artocarpus heterophyllus

 nrk;g+td; - Euphoria longana

 kh - Mangofera indica

 Mj;Jthhp - Filicium decipiens

III njd;gpuhe;jpa <u fyg;gpd ,iyAjph; fhLfs;

4E/RSI –y; tifgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;tif fhLfspy; njd;gpuhe;jpa Fsph;

fhLfSf;Fk; njd;gpuhe;jpa <u fyg;gpd ,iyAjph; fhLfSf;Fk; ,ilNa

ePNuhl;l Mw;W gLiffs; fhzg;gLk;.

fpyh - Vaccinium neilgrrense

Gq;fd; - Pongamia pinnata

ePh; ehty; - Syzygium zeylanicum

,t;tif fhLfs; nrq;fy;Njhp> fd;dpf;fl;b> ghgehrk; Kjy; Kz;le;Jiw nry;Yk;

topapy; fhzyhk;.

IV. twz;l Njf;F fhLfs;:-

5A/41(D) tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j tifahd fhLfs; kzpKj;jhW mUtp nry;Yk;

topapy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

1. kzpKj;jhW kiyapy; fhzg;gLk; Njf;Ffs; ,aw;if Njf;Ffs; vd;W

miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

2. fsf;fhL Kz;le;Jiw gFjpfspYk; ,t;tif fhLfs; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

Kf;fpa ku tiffs;:

 Njf;F - Tectona Grandis

 ntf;fhyp - Anogissus Latifolia

 ney;yp - Emblica OFFICINALIS

 Vopiy ghiy - Alstonia Scholaris

 jzf;F - Cochlospermum Religiosum

 tf;fiz - Diospyros Montana

 Ks; ,yT - Salamalia Malabarica

V njd;gpuhe;jpa twz;l fyg;gpd ,iyAjph; fhLfs;:-

5A/C3 tifgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

 re;jdk; - Santalum Album

 fUkUe;J - Termanalia Tomentosa

 fLf;fha; - Termanalia Chepula

 gps;skUJ - Termanalia Penniculata

 ruf;nfhd;id - Cassia Fistula

 C#y; - Albizia Amara

 thif - Albizia Lebeck

 Mr;rhd; - Hardwicka Binata

 flk;G - Haldina Cordifolia

 fpYit - Commiphora Caudate

VI fh;ehbf; Filtif Kl;Gjh; fhLfs;:-

6A/C2 tifgLj;jgl;Ls;sJ.

1. ,e;j tifahd fhLfs; kdpj elkhl;lk; cs;s Fiwe;j mLf;fpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

(200kP cauk;)

2. ghgehrk;> fsf;fhL> gzf;Fb Mfpa gFjpfspy; fhzg;gLk;

rJufs;sp - Euphorbia Antiquorum

jpUFfs;sp - Euphorbia Tirulalli crpy; - Albizia Amara

fUq;fhyp - Acacia Sundara ,ye;ij - Ziziphus Mauritiana

Xil - Acacia Planifrons

VII <j;jy; fhLfs;:-

8A/E1 tifgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. NrhNyh fhLfspy; cah;e;j gFjpfspy; <j;jy;

fhLfs; fhzg;gLk;. mf];jpah;kiy kw;Wk; ,e;j gFjpfspy; gRik khwh

fhLfspy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLk;.

VIII njd;dpe;jpa kiyg;gpuNjr <uFsph; fhLfs;:

,e;j tifahd fhLfs; 1524 kP. Mjpfk; cs;s gRikkhwh fhLfspy; cah;

mLf;fpy; fhzg;gLk;

 <ugjk; cs;s kiyapd; jho;T gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk;

 NrhNyh tif kuq;fs; cs;s ,lq;fspy; fhzg;gLk;

 Eugenia Mabaeoides

 Canthium Neilgherrense

 Euphoribia Santapaui

IX. jho;e;j kw;Wk; cah;e;j mLf;F Gy;ntspfs;:-

jpwe;j Gy;ntsp gFjpfspy; 300kP Kjy; 1000 kP cauk; tiu cs;s

,lq;fspy; fhzg;gLk;.

 Jh;g;ig Gy; - Implarata Cylindrica

  fy;ahz <r;ir - Cycas Circinalis

 gpy; Mthuk; - Mundulea Sericea

 thhpGy; - Themeda Cymbarica

X. cah; mLf;fpy; fhzg;gLk; jhtu tiffs; (Rock slop)

 fhe;jgid - Bentinckia Condapanna

 fhl;L tio - Musa Aciminata

NkYk; ryg;gid> $j;jgid> Myg;gid> fhe;jgid Nghd;w

jhtuq;fSk;> mf];jpa kiyf;Fhpa rpwg;G mk;rq;fNshL rpwe;J

tpsq;FfpwJ.

td tpyq;F ghJfhg;G thuk;…

td tpyq;Ffisg; ghJfhf;f rl;lq;fs; cs;sJ Nghy; tpyq;Ffisg;

ghJfhg;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij kf;fs; czu;e;J nfhs;s td mYtyfq;fs; %ykhf “td

tpyq;F ghJfhg;G thuk;” 1955 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; nfhz;lhlg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

,e;j td tpyq;F fhJfhg;G thuj;jpid Kjd; Kjyhf fdlh ehl;bidr; rhu;e;j Gfo;

ngw;w [hf; ikdu; vd;gtu; cUthf;fpdhu;. fdlh ehl;L ghuhSkd;wk; 1947

Mk; Mz;L ,jid rl;l tbthf;fp kf;fs; jhtuq;fisAk; tpyq;FfisAk; ghJfhj;jpl

toptif nra;jJ.

R+oy; Nkk;ghl;Lj;jpl;lKk; Nehf;fKk;:

 kf;fshy; Gypfs; fhg;gfj;jpYs;s tsq;fSf;Fk;

gy;Yapu;g;ngUf;fj;jpw;Fk; Vw;gLfpd;w jPq;F tpistpf;ff;$ba nray;

KiwfisAk;> Gypfs; fhg;gfj;jhy; tptrhaj;jpw;F Vw;gLk; gapu;r;Nrjk;

kw;Wk; ,ju td tpyq;Ffshy; vw;gLk; jPikfisAk; kf;fs; JizAld; fz;lwpe;J

mtw;iw Kw;wpYk; ePf;f / Fiwf;f toptiffs; nra;a te;jNj “R+oy;

Nkk;ghl;Lj;jpl;lk;”. ,e;jj; jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;> kf;fs; kdjpy; Gypfs;

fhg;gfk;> kdpjd; tho;f;iff;F vt;tsT mtrpak; vd;gj gw;wp tpopg;Gzu;T

Vw;gLj;jp tdj;jpypUe;J fpuhk kf;fSf;F Njitg;gLk; tdtsq;fis tdj;jpw;F

ntspNa cw;gj;jp nra;Jk;> tdj;ij tapw;Wg; gpiog;gpw;fhf rhu;e;J

,Ug;gtu;fSf;F khw;Wj; njhopy;fis nfhLj;J> fpuhk kf;fisr; r%f

nghUshjhuj;jpy; Kd;Ndwr; nra;Jk; mtu;fNs Gypfs; fhg;gfj;ijAk; mjd;

capu; gd;ikiaAk; KO cWjpAld; vf;fhyKk; ghJfhj;J guhkupf;Fk;

Nehf;fj;ijf; nfhz;L &gha; 914.70 ,yl;rk; kjpg;gPl;ilf; nfhz;l R+oy;

Nkk;ghl;Lj;jpl;lk; cyf tq;fpapd; epjpAjtpAld; 5 tUl jpl;lkhf 1994 Mk;

Mz;L etk;gu; khjk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,j;jpl;lk; 1999 Mk; tUlk; brk;gu;

khjk; Kbtila cs;sJ.

Muk;g mDFKiw:

R+oy; Nkk;ghl;Lj; jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; Gypfs; fhg;gfj;jpw;F

mUfhikapYs;s fpuhk kf;fsplk; fhg;gfj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;jJtj;ijAk; mjdhy;

kf;fs; milAk; ed;ikfisAk; tdj;Jiwapdu; kw;Wk; Nrit epWtdg;

gpujpepjpfs; kf;fs; gq;Nfw;G gapw;rpapd; %yk; tpopg;Gzu;T

Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

fpuhk tdf;FOf;fs; mikj;jy;:

fpuhk tdf;FOtpy; cWg;gpdu;fshf xt;nthU FLk;gj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk; taJ

te;j xU MZk; ngz;Zk; &. 1/- khjr; re;jh nrYj;jp cWg;gpdu;fshfr;

Nru;fpd;wdu;. fpuhk tdf;FOtpd; md;whl nray;ghLfis ftdpf;f

“nraw;FO” xd;W mikf;fg;gl;L ,jpy; MW fpuhk kf;fs; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;L

gpd;du; ,e;j Mwpy; xUtu; Nru;kdhfTk; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gLfpwhu;. ,e;j

MW nraw;FO cWg;gpdu;fspy; Fiwe;jJ 3 Ngu; ngz;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,JNghf nraw;FOtpy; tdtu; gjtptop nrayhsuhfTk;> tdf;fhg;ghsu;>

njhz;L epWtd Copau; gjtptop cWg;gpdu;fshfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wdu;. fpuhk

tdf;FOtpd; nraw;FO xt;nthU tUlKk; Gjpjhf Nju;e;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ.

[dtup 99 Kba 113 fpuhk tdf;FOf;fs; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

jpl;l Kd;Ndhb Ntiyfs;:

fpuhk kf;fspilNa ey;ypzf;fk; cUthf;fTk;> jpl;lk; gw;wp

ek;gpf;ifA+l;lTk; fpuhk kf;fspd; fz;Nzhl;lq;fspy; kpfTk;

mj;jpahtrpakhd mbg;gil gpur;ridfshd…. Fbjz;zPu;> ghij

nrg;gdply;> fopT ePu;f;fhy;fs; mikj;jy; kw;Wk; fpuhk tptrha

gapu;fis tdtpyq;FfsplkpUe;J ghJfhf;Fk; gzpfs; Nghd;w rpy gzpfis

kf;fspd; KO xj;Jiog;NghLk; gq;Nfw;NghLk; nra;J ey;YwT Vw;gLj;jp

tYthd fpuhk tdf;FOf;fs; mikf;f jpl;l Kd;Ndhb Ntiyfs; toptFf;fpd;wd.

ghgehrk; gFjpapYs;s fpuhk tptrhapfSf;F td tpyq;Ffshy;

Vw;gLfpd;w gapu; Nrjj;ij jtpu;f;f td vy;iyf;Fk; tptrha epyq;fSf;Fk;

,ilNa 5 fp.kP ePsj;jpw;F kpd;rhu Ntyp mikf;fg;gl;L ,jpy; 10

fpuhkq;fis Nru;e;j tptrhapfs; cWg;gpdu;fshf Nru;e;Js;sdu;. kpd;rhu

Ntyp mikf;f tptrhapfs; cWg;gpdu;fshf Nru;e;Js;sdu;. kpd;rhu Ntyp

mikf;f tptrhapfs; jhq;fs; itj;jpUf;Fk; xt;nthU nrd;l; epyj;jpw;F &gha;

,uz;L jq;fs; gq;fhf nfhLj;Js;sdu;. ,d;W ,e;j kpd;rhu Ntypia kf;fs;

guhkupj;J tUfpd;wdu;.

Ez;jpl;lk; jahupj;jy;:

Gypfs; fhg;gfj;ij ghJfhj;J guhkupf;fTk;> mjid rhu;e;Js;s fpuhk

kf;fspd; r%f nghUshjhuj;ij Nkk;gLj;jTk; KOgq;Nfw;GlDk;>

tdj;Jiwapdu; kw;Wk; Nrit epWtdj;jpdu; ,ize;j Ez;jpl;lf; FOthdJ fpuhk

kf;fSld; fye;J MNyhrpj;J Ez;jpl;lk; jahupf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j Ez;jpl;lj;jpy;

fPo;f;fz;l %d;W mk;rq;fs; ,lk;ngUfpd;wd. Ez;jpl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;Jtjw;fhf

fpuhk tdf;FOtpd; Nru;kd; kw;Wk; nrayhsUf;F tq;fpapy; ,izg;Gf; fzf;F

xd;W jpwf;fg;gl;L Ez;jpl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Kjy; jtizahf &gha;

50>000 toq;fg;gLfpwJ. tdf;FO ,g;gzj;ij ngw;wJk; xg;gspf;fg;gl;l

Ez;jpl;lj;jpd;gb nra;ag;glTs;s gzpfs; gw;wp jPu;khdq;fs;

epiwNtWfpd;wJ. ,t;thW epiwNtw;wg;gl;l jPu;khdq;fspd;gb gzpfis

nray;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;.

1. khw;Wj; njhopy;fs;

2. kuk;> nrb> nfhb cw;gj;jp

3. vupnghUs; cw;gj;jp

Ez;jpl;lk; fs ,af;Feu; mtu;fshy; xg;Gjy; mspf;fg;gl;L

tdf;FOf;fshy; epiwNtw;wg;gLfpd;wd.

1. khw;Wj; njhopy;fshd fwit khL> fUthL> tpahghuk;> thu;g;G

Ntiy> ngl;bf;fil> irf;fps;fil> rtupKb jahupj;jy; Nghd;w 42

njhopy;fSf;F ,Jtiu 4000f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l tdj;ij ek;gpg; gpiof;Fk; kf;fSf;F

cjtpj;njhif toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jd; %yk; mtu;fSila r%f nghUshjhu jd;ik

Nkd;ikaile;jJld;> tdrhu;G jd;ikAk; Fiwe;Js;sJ.

2. ehw;whq;fhy; mikj;jy;> nrb> nfhb cw;gj;jp nra;jy;> jPtdj;

Njhl;lk; vOg;Gjy; kw;Wk; rhiyNahuj;jpy; nrbfs; eLjypd; %yk; jq;fs;

nrhe;j kw;Wk; tptrha Njitf;F tdg;nghUl;fis tdj;jpw;F kf;fs; cw;gj;jp

nra;fpd;wdu;. ,jd; %yk; tdrhu;G jd;ik ngupJk; Fiwe;Js;sJ.

3. vupnghUs; Nrkpg;G cj;jpfshd rhz vupthA mLg;G> ckp

mLg;G> Gifapy;yh mLg;G> Ez;ntg;g kz;nzd;nza; mLg;G Nghd;w

rhjdq;fs; tdf;FO %yk; toq;fpajhy; tdj;jpypUe;J vupnghUSf;fhd

rhu;Gjd;ik ngupJk; Fiwe;Js;sJ.

Ez;jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j kjpg;gPl;by; Rkhu; 50% Kjy; 60% tiu

khw;Wj; njhopYf;fhf xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;L fpuhk tdf;FOf;fs; ,e;j gzj;ij

fpuhk tdf;FO cWg;gpdu;fSf;F 12% tl;bAld; flDjtpahf nfhLj;J jpUk;gg;

ngWtjhy; tdf;FOtplk; khw;Wj; njhopYf;fhf toq;fg;gl;l gzk; ve;ehSk;

tdj;ij ghJfhj;J guhkupf;Fk; topapy; Rod;W nfhz;NlapUf;Fk;.

njhz;L epWtdq;fspd; gq;Nfw;G:

Nrit epWtdq;fs; ,j;jpl;lj;py; Muk;g fl;lj;jpypUe;Nj tdj;JiwapdUld;

,ize;J fpuhk kf;fSf;F “kf;fs; gq;Nfw;G kjpg;gPL” Ez;jpl;lk; jahupj;jy;>

fzf;F guhkupg;G> ijay; gapw;rp> njhopy; gapw;rp kw;Wk; fUj;jha;T

Nghd;wtw;wpy; cjtp tUfpd;wdu;.

1. tpNtfhde;jh Nfe;jpuk;> fd;dpahFkup

2. fh];l;> fsf;fhL

3. ];fhl;> Nrud;kfhNjtp

4. murd;> fsf;fhL

5. ];thd;> tPutey;Y}u;

6. Mrp> tPutey;Y}u;

7. mt;it Mrpukk;> rptiryk;

8. mUk;Gfs; bu];l;> jpUney;Ntyp

 9. ntl;];> Nkyr;nrty;

R+oy; Nkk;ghl;Lj;jpl;l rpwg;G mk;rq;fs;:

1. Kjd; Kiwahf fpuhk kf;fSf;F jpl;lj;ij mKy;gLj;j epjpAjtp tdj;Jiw

Neubahf toq;FfpwJ.

2. ,j;jpl;lj;jpy; ngz;fs; mjpfk; gq;Nfw;fpd;wdu;.

3. ,j;jpl;lj;jpy; vy;yh nray;fSNk 25% kf;fs; gq;Nfw;Gld; eilngWfpd;wJ.

4. ,j;jpl;lj;jpy; toq;fg;glk; midj;J cjtpj; njhiffSf;Fk; 12% tl;b

ngwg;gLfpwJ.

5. fpuhk tdf;FOf;fs; midj;Jk; jkpo;ehL muR rq;fg; gjpTr; rl;lk; 1975d;

fPo; gjpT nra;J tuT nryTfs; Mz;Lj;NjhWk; gl;la fzf;F jzpf;ifahsuhy;

jzpf;if nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

6. fpuhk tdf;FO cWg;gpdu;fs; tdr;rhu;G kw;Wk; r%f nghUshjhu

mbg;gilapy; rpfg;G> kQ;rs;> gr;ir vd %d;W gpupTfshf juk;

gpupf;fg;gl;L rpfg;G gpuptpYs;s eyptile;j cWg;gpdu;fSf;F Kd;Dhpik

toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

rpfg;G kQ;rs; gr;ir nkhj;j rpfg;G kQ;rs; gr;ir nkhj;j

gpupT gpupT gpupT k; gpupT gpupT gpupT k;
11870 5449 2130 8526 3546 1006
(67%) (28%) (11%) 19449 (85%) (27%) (8%) 10307
6

cyf tq;fp epGzu; FOtpd; fUj;J:

 ,j;jpl;lk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ljpypUe;J ,jid gy;NtW epiyfspy; cyftq;fp

epGzu; FOf;fs; ghu;itapl;L cs;sdu;.

1997k; Mz;L Nk khjk; cyf tq;fp FO elj;jpa Ma;twpf;ifapy;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUg;gjhtJ> “jw;NghJs;s R+oy; Nkk;ghl;L jpl;l

mYtyu;fspd; ,iltplhj Kaw;rpAk;> fbd ciog;Gk; njhlUNkahdhy; fsf;fhL

– Kz;le;Jiw Gypfs; fhg;gfj;jpy; Thuk;; Njrpa mstpYk;> cyf mstpYk;

Kf;fpa ,lj;ijg; ngWk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.”

KbTiu:

Nkw;fz;l Ma;tpd; %yk; ,e;jpahtpy; fhzg;gLk; fhLfspd; tiffs;>

jhtuq;fs;> tpyq;Ffs; kw;Wk; ruzhyaq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwg; gw;wp

mwpe;J nfhz;Nlhk;. NkYk; td tpyq;FfisAk;> jhtuq;fisAk; ghJfhg;gjd;

mtrpaj;ijAk;> ghJfhg;G tpjpKiwfisAk; gw;wp njupe;Jnfhz;Nlhk;. ,jid

gs;spfspYk;> fpuhkq;fspYk; fpuhk tdf;FO> R+oy; Nkk;ghl;Lj;jpl;lk;

Nghd;w jpl;lq;fs; %ykhfTk; “tdtpyq;F ghJfhg;G thuk;” vDk; ehs;

xd;iw rpwg;ghff; filgpbj;J Mz;L NjhWk; tdj;Jiw gw;wpAk; mjid

ghJfhg;gjd; mtrpaj;ijAk; typAWj;jp tUtJ Nghy fhLfisAk; td

tpyq;FfisAk; ghJfhf;f gy;NtW Aj;jpfisf; ifahz;L kf;fSf;F tpopg;Gzu;T

Vw;gLj;Jjy; mtrpakhdjhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. vdNt muRld; ,ize;J kf;fshfpa

ehKk; nray;gl;lhy; fhL tsj;ijg; ghjfhj;J ehl;bidr; nropf;fr; nra;ayhk;.

“fhL tsk; Ngzp ehL tsk; ghJfhg;Nghk;”

“kio ngwj; Njitahd fhLtsj;ijAk;> ek; ehl;bd; ngUikia cyfpw;F

czu;j;jplty;y mupa tif tpyq;FfisAk; ghJfhg;Nghk;….”

tdj;ijg; ghJfhg;Nghk;

tsj;ijg; ngUf;FNthk;

tho;j;jpLNthk; tho;j;jpLNthk;

tdj;Jiwapd; ey;y gy jpl;lq;fs;

ntw;wp ngw tho;j;jpLNthk;….

,e;jpa kw;Wk; jkpo;ehL tdg;gFjpfspy; fhzg;gLk;

mupa tpyq;Ffs;> gwitfs; kw;Wk; jhtuq;fs;:

tpyq;Ffs;:

gwitfs;:
fhLfs;:

Linsaea ensifolia
Lastreopsis tenera

ghiw gr;Nrhe;jp
 Darter

Grey Fronted Green Pigeon

Jungle Babbler
fsf;fhL Kz;le;Jiw Gypfs; fhg;gf jfty; gyiffs;
tpyq;Ffs; gpbf;fg; gad;gLk; $z;L

fsf;fhL Kz;le;Jiw tdr;ruf thfdq;fs;

fsf;fhL Kz;le;Jiw Gypfs; fhg;gf jiyaiz gFjpia fhl;Lk; tiuglk;.