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Swelling/Extraction Test of A Small Sample Size For Phase Behavior Study
Swelling/Extraction Test of A Small Sample Size For Phase Behavior Study
Jyun-Syung Tsau, University of Kansas Ly H. Bui, University of Kansas G. Paul Willhite, University of Kansas
Swelling/extraction test is used to study phase behavior between carbon dioxide and crude oil A large size of sample volume (40 to 450 cc) requires a longer time to reach equilibrium prior to measurement
Outline of presentation
Describe an apparatus using small sample size for swelling/extraction tests Demonstrate the capability of the apparatus
Measurement of solubility of CO2, saturation pressure, swelling factor and extraction Estimation of molar volume of carbon dioxide saturated crude oil Visual observation of phase behavior Estimation of minimum miscibility pressure (MMP)
Fundamentals
Amount of CO2 dissolved in liquid (NCO2) = (Change of MassCO2 in pump - MassCO2 in line - MassCO2 in headspace ) / Molecular weight of CO2 Solubility of CO2 in liquid
Xco2= Nco2/(Nco2+Nliquid)
Apparatus
Water bath
View cell
Cathetometer
CO2 Pump
Verification
CO2 + Decane @ 71.10 oC (160 oF)
2000 1600 1200 800 400 0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Mole fraction of CO2 in the liquid phase 1.0
This work #1 This work # 2 Nagarajan & Robinson Jr. Jennings & Schucker
Pressure (psig)
Ideal mixing
V = x C O 2 V C O 2 + (1 x C O 2 )V o or V = V o + (V C O 2 V o ) x C O
2
A straight line with a slope of (Vco2-Vo) and an intercept of Vo Molar volume of decane 200.65 cc/mol Apparent molar volume of CO2 42.32 cc/mol
0.20 0.15
Oil B Oil C
Mole Fraction
350 300
y = -367.13x + 402.52 R = 0.9999 Oil A Oil B Oil C Molar volume ( cc/mol) Temperature (F) y = -280.76x + 306.99 R = 0.9992 y = -235.23x + 266.12 R = 0.9995
Oil A
105 263.41 266.12
Oil B
110 303.44 306.99
Oil C
78 399.20 402.52
30.09
26.23
34.39
0.00
0.50
1.00
Swelling factor
CO2 solubility
1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 500 1000 Pressure, psig 1500 Swelling Extraction
Swelling factor
Oil B
1.40 1.30 Swelling Factor (V/Vo) 1.20 1.10 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0 500 1000 1500 Pressure (psig) 2000 2500 105F 115F 125F
Oil B
1.50 1.40 1.30 1.20 Swelling factor 1.10 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 0 200 400 600 800
105 F 98 F
Oil A
Pressure (psig)
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
Oil C @ 78 F
296 psia 920 psia
CO2 vapor
Oil
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
Pressure (psig)
110F
125F
1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 Pressure [psig]
Conclusions
A new apparatus using small sample sizes is suitable for swelling test Swelling of crude oil by dissolved CO2 correlated with the molar volume of crude oil and CO2 over the range of pressure where negligible oil was extracted into the CO2 phase
Conclusions
The pressure at which extraction starts by CO2 depends on the temperature tested A three phase region (VLL) equilibrium was identified with the apparatus over a narrow range of pressure MMP estimated by the swelling/extraction test graphically is close to what determined from the slim-tube experiment
Acknowledgements