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Pathophysiology of ALL Diagram
Pathophysiology of ALL Diagram
Predisposing Factors: Age Gender Race Family HIstory Precipitating Factors: exposure to radiation and certain chemicals having a sibling with leukemia HT !"# virus genetic abnormalities chromosomal translocations
ETIOLOGY: Unknown
(alignant trans)ormation o) lymphoid stem cells s/sx: bone pain *oint pain
Uncontrolled proli)eration o) lymphoblast in the bone marrow Diagnostic Test: +( aspiration +( biopsy
Treatment: Analgesic
Treatment: Remission Induction Therapy ,onsolidation and (aintenance Therapy +( Transplantation CNS prophylaxis
In)ection
s/sx: presence o) petechiae bruise 6 bleed easily anemia )atigue di77iness palpitations dyspnea
$epticemia
;revention o) complications
Death
<idneys s/sx: ittle' no U9 =RR Flank pain Restless n'v legs and )eet swelling uremia azotemia
CNS s/sx: h'a: weakness: blurred vision: balance di))iculty: vomiting: lethargy iver ' $pleen Diagnostic Test: Ultrasonography
Renal )ailure
s/sx: = ,$F leukocytes s/sx: cranial nerve palsies con)usional states optic neuropathy cerebellar dys)unction papilledema
s/sx: hepatomegal y splenomegaly elevated A T -># u' 5 s/sx: hypotension tachypnea tachychardia
;rogress to coma
9vergrown thymus
Lymph nodes
(ediastinal lymphadenopathy
s/sx: lymphadenopathy $!, syndrome s/sx: swelling o) head: neck and arms obstruction o) blood )low Treatment: 9? administration +ronchodilators s/sx: cough: whee7es: respiratory tract obstruction
s/sx: dysphagia
s/sx: hemoptysis
$evere hypoxia
%8ATH