Index

Alston, W., 40
Ambiguity, situational, 329n 73
Analysis, 101- 107
depth of , 105
Aristotle, 237, 238
Assertion, 94- 96
Augustine, 23, 87
Austin, J., 40, 41

BakerandHacker
, 331
, Ro, 341n21
Bambrough
Barwise
, J., 342n23
Bealer
, G., 343n42
"
Theories
~" 8
Begriffsschrift
, G., 250
Berkeley
Bloomfield
, L., 252, 253
Bloomfieldian
, 188, 190
linguistics
Bloomfieldian
revolution,252
, S., 276, 277, 278, 279, 280
Bromberger
Brouwer
, L. E. J., 270
Burge,T., 19, 91, 224, 225, 226, 227,
228, 229, 230, 231
Canfield,J. V., 31, 32
, R., 10, 11, 14, 32, 56, 67, 158,
Carnap
176, 177, 210, 307, 308, 316
, N., vii, ix, x, 16, 17, 18, SO
,
Chomsky
51, 52, 56, 59, 64, 97, 122, 123,
168, 169, 183, 190, 252, 253, 260,
261, 270, 275, 276, 318, 347n39
, 252-254
conceptualism
, 261
necessity
argumentagainst
asrationalist
, 318-319
and " top-down" approach
, 50-52
an revolution, 190-191,252
Chomsky
Church, A., 206
, 281-282
Cognitivism
, 83
Compositionality

Concepts
" broad," 121
" narrow " 121
,
vs. conceptions, 243- 244
Conceptualism, 250- 251
Danto, A., 236
Davidson, D., x, 19, 203, 204, 205, 206,
207, 208, 209
and Mates's problem, 205- 207
Definition
and essential/inessentialproperties,
114- 115
lexical, 244
substitution criteria, 189
theoretical, 189- 192, 242, 244
Democriteantradition in linguistics and
logic, 54- 56
Descartes
,6
Dewey, J., 10
Donnellan, K., 128, 143, 216, 217
'
Drury, M. Q C., 333n 1
Dummett, M., 270, 271
on theoriesof meaning, 84- 86
Ellipsis, 52- 66, 79
directionality, 75- 80
and theoreticalinferencein
semantics, 52- 66
and underlying syntacticstructure,
52- 66
Empiricism, and rationalism, 319
Epistemology, naturalized, 298- 307
Erdmann, 8" 253, 254
Ethics, 281- 290
autonomy of , 283, 349n 59
Evans, G., 213, 214, 215
Exactness
, 115- 121

354

Index

, 110- 113
Family resemblance
, Po, 308
Feyerabend
-

Field, H" 250

Fit, 152-153
Fodor, J" 17
Folksemantics
, 29-30
-relativity, 308-311
Framework
andanalytic/synthetic(language
/
theory) distinction, 310-311
, Go, i, vii, I , 2, 3, 6, 12, 22, 23,
Frege
24, 27, 37, 41, 48, 55, 66, 71, 86,
87, 89, 102, 109, 115, 116, 124,
125, 143, 144, 156, 160, 176, 178,
205, 206, 207, 219, 235, 238, 239,
240, 254, 286, 293
intensionalism
of, 325n10
" Game
," 109-113
Goedel
, xi, 198
Goldfarb
, W., 164, 165, 168
Goodman
, N" x, 10, 250, 280, 300, 304,
305, 306, 318
on induction, 304-307
Grice, H. P., 40, 44, 45, 147
Hardy, G. H., 159
Heyting, A., 270
Hobbes
, T., 250
Hornstein
, N., 348n48
HumeD ., 10, 198, 280, 291
Husserl
, E., 6, 10, 254, 294
Ideal logical language, relation to
natural language, 55- 56
Idealization
in linguistics, 122- 126
in science, 264- 265
Intuition , 159- 161
ethical, 284- 290
vs. introspection, 160- 161
Intuitionism , 270- 272
ultra-intuitionism , 270- 271
Jackson, F., 349n59
Johnston, M., 337n 10

Kant, 1, 70, 155, 177, 284, 291, 292, 295,

315, 320
Kripke, S., vii, 70, 125, 128, 143, 163,
164, 165, 167, 171, 172, 173, 175,
301, 302, 317

inversion of the conditional, 301- 303

on rule following , 163- 174
'
Kripke s dilemma, vii - ix, 317- 320
Kuhn, T., 308
Language
creativity
- of, 98

of, 99- 100,

expressive
completeness
330n79
vs. notationalcompleteness
of, 4750
typenotionof, 46, 50
Ys. speech
, 97- 98
Leibniz, G. W., 1
Lipps, T., 253, 254
Lewis, C. I., 217
Lewis, D., 211, 212, 213
, 125-126, 254
LinguisticRealism
Linguistics
foundationsof, 268
limitsof, 319
Mates, B., 205
McDowell, J., 213, 214, 215
McGinn, C., 125, 159, 160, 161, 164,
165, 168
Meaning (seealsoSense)
common-sensenotion of, 30
postulates(semanticalrules), 190
and use, 36- 44
, 329- 330n 73
Meaninglessness
, 42, 269
Megasentences
Meinong, A., 238
Mill , J. S., 12, 176, 177, 238
Moore, G. E., 6, 37, 102, 107, 115, 238,
239, 240, 241, 242, 244, 260, 267,
285, 293
criticisms of , 241- 242, 344- 345n 11
, 43
Multiply self-embeddedsentences
Nagel, E., 10
Nagel, T., 288
Nativism, and empiricism, 318- 319
Naturalism, ix, 235- 239, 280- 281
and empiricism, 319
epistemologicalproblem for, 255- 256
ethical, 281- 290
and justification, 300
and necessarytruth , 155- 157
philosophical, 236- 239
Quinean and Aristotelian, 237- 239

Index
scientific, 237- 239
Strawsonon, 344n 1
type-token argument against, 216
Naturalistic fallacy, 239- 281
new notion defined, 245
Nominalism, 250
Non-naturalism, 291- 320
Normativity, linguistic, 122- 125
Occam, 250
Ontological commitment, 345- 346n 18
Peirce, C. S., 39, 45, 141, 276, 304
Perry, J., 342n 23
Philosophicalprogress, vs. scientific
progress, 314- 317
Platonism, extensionalistvs.
intensionalist, 172- 174
" Plus " 172- 173
,
Port RoyalGrammar, 53
Possible-worlds semantics, 210- 216
Postal, P., 17
Pragmatics, 90- 93
Prichard, H. A., 284
Problemof delimitation, 248- 249, 257260
Problemof open-endedness, 247- 249,
257- 260
Proto-theory, 66, 67, 71- 72, 81- 82, 87,
96, 102- 103, 129- 130
and analysis, 104- 107
autonomy of , 81- 82
and limits of language, 57- 58
and meaningfulness, 116- 117
on names, 121- 122
and scepticism, 166- 174
and senselessness
, 117
simplicity and complexity in , 102
Putnam, H., x, 10, 19, 143, 144, 216,
217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223,
224, 225, 226, 241, 243, 244, 255,
296, 309, 310, 343n36
mathematicalrealism, 255--256

Quine, W. V., x, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,

56, 67, 70, 155,172,176,177,179,
180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186,
188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 195,
196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202,
203, 207, 209, 216, 219, 223, 232,

355

237, 238, 245, 248, 249, 252, 261,

271, 285, 295, 296, 299, 300, 301,
303, 305, 306, 308, 309, 310, 315,
316, 318, 340n39, 337n11, 338n
17
, 159
Ramanujan
, F. P., viii, 122
Ramsey
Realism
, 250-251
Reference
, literal/nonliteral, 145-146,
334n7
Reichenbach
, H., 304
(RLR), 146
(RLS), 145
Ross
, D., 285
Russell
, B., vii, 2, 6, 22, 24, 27, 33, 55,
66, 102, 176, 238, 294
Salmon, W., 304
, G., 10
Santayana
Schlick, M., 10, 294, 295, 316
Searle, J., 40, 41, 212, 213, 349n 59
and decompositionalrepresentation,
212- 213
Semanticdescription, 60
vs. semanticexplanation, 60- 61
Semanticessentialism, 135- 137, 150
and proto-theory, 141
realist version of, 142- 143
and " top-down" approach, 142- 143
Semanticfacts, 28- 31, 39
Semanticrepresentation, 61
Fregeanview, 61- 65, 329n68
proto-theory, 118- 119
Semanticrestrictions, 120
Semanticrules, 157- 158
Semanticstructure, and syntactic
structure, 60- 61
Semantics
decompositionaltheory of, 64- 66
and logic, 71- 73
linguistic/extralinguistic distinction
for, 44- 46
theoreticalinferencein , 56- 66
theoreticaldefinition in , 191- 192
Sense(seealsoMeaning)
common-sensenotion of, 30
and indexicality, 91
literal/non-literal, 145, 334n7
properties and relations, 62
analyticity, 192

356

Index

Sense(cont.)
antonymy, 65
expressionalvs. nonexpressional,
61- 62
superordination and
subordination, 65, 118- 119
synonymy, 65
synonymy vs. informational
equivalence, 95- 96
and reference, 33, 89- 93, 325n 10
mediation vs. determination, 90- 93
weak principle, 33
and use, 36- 44
pragmaticprinciples, 90- 93
Sentences
, kinds of , 96- 100
Sigwart, C., 253, 254
Situation semantics, 342n 23
Socrates, 6, 135, 136, 314
Strawson, P. F., 40, 41, 304
Stroud. B.. 125. 156. 303. 351n 23
Substitution criteria, 187- 190
Synthetica priori knowledge, 312- 317
Tarski, A., 48
Theories, philosophical/metaobject ,
245- 247
"
"
, 52- 53, 58
Theory
"
"
down
, 82, 86,
Top
approach, 39, SO
88- 90, 110- 111
vs. " bottom-up" approach, 39
pragmaticcorrelation, ISO
Translation
actual (radical), 180- 184
and bilingualism, 195- 196
of , 184- 202
indeterminacy
"
"
pressingfrom below, 340n39
Quinean (radical), 180- 184
and Quinean physicalism, 338n 17
and semanticevidence, 194
Type/token distinction, 39, 276- 280
Use, 36- 44, 47, 142- 143
and connotation, 40- 41
Humpty -Dumptyan, 146- 147, 154
literal, 144- 145, 148- 149
and mention, 46
non-literal, 147, 154
, situational, 329n73
Vagueness
" Veil of
"
ignorance argument, 262

Whitehead, A. N., 2
Williams.. B... 285- 290

, to, vii, viii , I , 2, 3, 4, 6,

Wittgenstein
7, 8, 9, 10, II , 12, 13, 14, IS, 24,
26, 27, 31, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
41, 44, 45, 48, 49, SO
, 52, 57, 62,
66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 74, 76, 81,
82, 83, 86, 87, 93, 94, 97, 99, 100,
101, 102, 107, 108, 109, 110, Ill ,
112, 113, 114, lIS , 116, 124, 125,
126, 127, 128, 130, 131, 135, 136,
137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143,
144, 149, ISO
, 151, 152, 153, 154,
155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 163, 164,
165, 169, 172, 175, 176, 198, 232,
238, 239, 271, 285, 295, 2%, 299,
308, 309, 315, 316
Woodbridge, F. J., 10
Wundt, W., 253, 254
Yessenin-Volpin, A. S., 270, 271