TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS

BUTTERFLY

Oleh: Desi Puspitasari NIM A1H 1! "

#EMENTERIAN PENDIDI#AN DAN #EBUDAYAAN UNI$ERSITAS %ENDERAL SOEDIRMAN FA#ULTAS PERTANIAN PUR&O#ERTO ! 1!

A 'utter(l) is a mainly day-flying insect of the order Lepidoptera, which includes the butterflies and moths. Like other holometabolous insects, the butterfly's life cycle consists of four parts: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Most species are diurnal. utterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and flight. utterflies comprise the true butterflies conspicuous, fluttering

!superfamily "apilionoidea#, the skippers !superfamily $esperioidea# and the moth-butterflies !superfamily $edyloidea#. All the many other families within the Lepidoptera are referred to as moths. %he earliest known butterfly fossils date to the mid &ocene epoch, between '()*( million years ago. utterflies e+hibit polymorphism, mimicry and aposematism. ,ome, like the Monarch, will migrate over long distances. ,ome butterflies have evolved symbiotic and parasitic relationships with social insects such as ants. ,ome species are pests because in their larval stages they can damage domestic crops or trees- however, some species are agents of pollination of some plants, and caterpillars of a few butterflies !e.g., $arvesters# eat harmful insects. .ulturally, butterflies are a popular motif in the visual and literary arts. utterflies are beautiful, flying insects with large scaly wings. Like all insects, they have si+ /ointed legs, 0 body parts, a pair of antennae, compound eyes, and an e+oskeleton. %he three body parts are the head, thora+ !the chest#, and abdomen !the tail end#. %he butterfly's body is covered by tiny sensory hairs. %he four wings and the si+ legs of the butterfly are attached to the thora+. %he thora+ contains the muscles that make the legs and wings move. utterflies are very good fliers. %hey have two pairs of large wings covered with colorful, iridescent scales in overlapping rows. Lepidoptera !butterflies and moths# are the only insects that have scaly wings. %he wings are attached to the butterfly's thora+ !mid-section#. 1eins support the delicate wings and nourish them with blood. utterflies can only fly if their body temperature is above 23 degrees. utterflies sun themselves to warm up in cool weather. As butterflies age, the color of the wings fades and the wings become ragged. %he speed varies among butterfly species !the poisonous varieties are slower than non-

poisonous varieties#. %he fastest butterflies !some skippers# can fly at about 0( mile per hour or faster. ,low flying butterflies fly about * mph. utterflies and moths undergo complete metamorphosis in which they go through four different life stages.

E** - A butterfly starts its life as an egg, often laid on a leaf. Lar+a - %he larva !caterpillar# hatches from an egg and eats leaves or flowers almost constantly. %he caterpillar molts !loses its old skin# many times as it grows. %he caterpillar will increase up to several thousand times in si4e before pupating.

Pupa - 5t turns into a pupa !chrysalis#- this is a resting stage. A,ult - A beautiful, flying adult emerges. %his adult will continue the cycle. .aterpillars spend most of their time eating leaves using strong mandibles

!/aws#. A caterpillar's first meal, however, is its own eggshell. A few caterpillars are meat-eaters- the larva of the carnivorous $arvester butterfly eats woolly aphids. utterflies and moths can only sip li6uid food using a tube-like proboscis, which is a long, fle+ible 7tongue.7 %his proboscis uncoils to sip food, and coils up again into a spiral when not in use. Most butterflies live on nectar from flowers. ,ome butterflies sip the li6uid from rotting fruits and a rare few prefer rotting animal flesh or animal fluids !the $arvester butterfly pierces the bodies of woolly aphids with its sharp proboscis and drinks the body fluids#. utterflies are found all over the world and in all types of environments: hot and cold, dry and moist, at sea level and high in the mountains. Most butterfly species, however, are found in tropical areas, especially tropical rainforests. Many butterflies migrate in order to avoid adverse environmental conditions !like cold weather#. utterfly migration is not well understood. Most migrate relatively short distances !like the "ainted Lady, the 8ed Admiral, and the .ommon but a few !like some Monarchs# migrate thousands of miles. uckeye#,

utterflies and moth belong to the order Lepidoptera. Lepidos is 9reek for 7scales7 and ptera means 7wing7. %hese scaled wings are different from the wings of any other insects. Lepidoptera is a very large group- there are more types of butterflies and moths than there are of any other type of insects e+cept beetles. 5t is estimated that there are about :*(,((( different species of butterflies and moths !there may be many more#. %here are about ;2,((( butterfly species worldwide, the rest are moths. utterfly fossils are rare. %he earliest butterfly fossils are from the early .retaceous period, about :0( million years ago. %heir development is closely linked to the evolution of flowering plants !angiosperms# since both adult butterflies and caterpillars feed on flowering plants, and the adults are important pollinators of many flowering plants. <lowering plants also evolved during the .retaceous period. %a+onomic information related to butterflies:

#i-*,./: Animalia Su'0i-*,./: &umeta4oa Ph)lu/: Arthropoda Su'ph)lu/: $e+apoda 1lass: 5nsecta Or,er: Lepidoptera