8lsk Lvaluauon Cpuon AssessmenL Cpuon lmplemenLauon MonlLorlng and 8evlew
k|sk Commun|canon 1he k|sk arad|gm Core Concepts in Radiation Exposure Equivalent Dose measures the biological damage potential and health risk from radiation Equivalent dose is measured in Sieverts (Sv) Low dose is <0.1 Sv (100 mSv) naLural 8ackground 8adlauon Natura| background rad|anon dose approx 2 mSv]year (range 1-10 mSv) w|thout known hea|th eects 3 2.3 mSv 0.38 mSv 3 Average naLural+ Man-made 8ackground uose (uSA) 6 mSv
LsLabllshed Puman Cancer 1hreshold 100 mSv
laLal AcuLe uose (Lu-30) 4000 mSv
____ L|near No 1hresho|d ( n|gh Lnergy)
._._._ L|near No 1hresho|d (Low Lnergy)
_ _ _ _ L|near uadranc (|eukem|as)
.... L|near w|th 1hresho|d uncerLalnLy of dose response relauonshlp for radlauon-lnduced cancers Source: 8Ll8 vll 7 Linear No-Threshold Hypothesis (LNT) for Cancer Causation uS nauonal Academy of Sclence (8Ll8 vll): ulmculL Lo evaluaLe cancer rlsk aL less Lhan 100 mSv" 8lsk would conunue aL lower doses wlLhouL Lhreshold" SmallesL dose has poLenual Lo cause small lncrease ln rlsk" redlcLs 1 person ln 100 geLs cancer from dose> 100 mSv Lrrs on safe slde 8 Concerns abouL Lhe Llnear no 1hreshold Approach SLudles of areas wlLh hlgher background radlauon show no lncreased cancer raLes 8lologlc repalr may reduce rlsk unSCLA8: does noL recommend muluplylng low dose by large numbers of lndlvlduals Lo esumaLe numbers of radlauon- lnduced healLh eecLs ." Lxample: 100 SleverLs: LecL of 1 Sv Lo 100 people =.001Sv Lo 100,000 people
LsumaLes of rlsk should be llmlLed Lo lndlvlduals recelvlng a dose of 30 mSv ln one year or a llfeume dose of 100 mSv ln addluon Lo naLural background."
100 mSv 11 PealLh Concerns for >20,000 lukushlma Workers no 8ad-relaLed faLallues or deLermlnlsuc eecLs seen acuLely Less Lhan 1 recelve doses> 100 mSv uncerLalnLy of dose measuremenLs Small pro[ecLed lncreased rlsk for leukemlas and solld Lumors sychologlcal concerns Cngolng exposure poLenual PealLh monlLorlng 12 8adlo-lodlne Lxposures near lukushlma much lower Lhan Chernobyl WPC esumaLes Lhyrold cancer rlsk of mosL hlghly exposed female lnfanL lncreases by 0.3 (from 0.73 Lo 1.23 llfeume rlsk) WPC rellmlnary uose 8econsLrucuon Whole 8ody-All key 8adlolsoLopes Plgh Areas: 10-30 mSv eecuve dose-mosLly exLernal Lower areas: 1-10 mSv eecuve dose-mosLly lnLernal !apanese lood 8adloacuvlLy SLandards Plghly roLecuve 13 < 100 8q/kg ~0.073 mSv dose Lo !apanese consumer eaung sh for a year aL maxlmal regulaLory llmlL naLurally occurrlng radlauon ln sh ( 210 o , 40 k ) a greaLer rlsk Llfeume Cancer MorLallLy 8lsk per 8ecquerel (noL ad[usLed for relauve amounLs ln dlerenL sh) 0.0L+00 3.0L-09 1.0L-08 1.3L-08 2.0L-08 2.3L-08 3.0L-08 3.3L-08 4.0L-08 4.3L-08 3.0L-08 P1C Cs-134 Cs-137 Sr-90 k-40 l-129 o-210 u-238 u-239 Llfeume CA MorLallLy 8lsk (per 8q) lor sh meeung !apanese food safeLy sLandards radlauon dose from o-210 far exceeds lukushlma-relaLed dose Cngolng WaLer Leaks Are an LnvlronmenLal Concern noL a slgnlcanL healLh rlsk Lo general populauon as long as seafood safeLy sLandards are malnLalned MenLal PealLh lssues Surveys show hlgh levels of sLress ln adulLs and chlldren lear of radloacuvlLy and healLh consequences Long lasung psychologlcal healLh consequences ln Chernobyl evacuees Sugmauzauon 8elucLance Lo dlscuss personal lssues Conunued dlsplacemenL Summary of PealLh lmpllcauons for people llvlng near lukushlma ual-lchl WPC esumaLes small lncreased radlauon-relaLed cancer rlsk LhaL may be dlmculL Lo measure greaLesL rlsk ls Lhyrold cancer ln lnfanLs sychologlcal dlsLress ln Lhe local populauon has been very hlgh Leaks of conLamlnaLed waLer from Lhe n are noL llkely Lo be slgnlcanL healLh rlsk ConLrlbuuon Lo LoLal radloacuve maLerlal ln ocean llkely Lo be small relauve Lo lnlual dlsasLer CurrenL food safeLy sLandards are very proLecuve naLural radlauon ln seafood ls hlgher Lhan conLrlbuuon from n emlsslons ln markeLable sh