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simtref2.nb

Solution of Trefethens Problem 2 by F.H. Simons

The problem is taken from L.N. Trefethens list in SIAM News 35, 1 (2002), problem 2.
A photon moving at speed 1 in the xy plane starts at t = 0 at Hx, yL = H0.5, 0.1L heading due east. Around every integer
lattice point Hi, jL in the plane, a circular mirror of radius 1 3 has been erected. How far from the origin is the photon at
t = 10?
<< GraphicsArrow
p = 80.35, -0.3<;
v = 8Cos@1.2D, Sin@1.2D<;
gr = 8 Table@Line@ 88-1 2, i<, 83 2, i<<D, 8i, -1 2, 3 2<D,
Table@Line@88i, -1 2<, 8i, 3 2<<D, 8i, -1 2, 3 2<D,
Table@ Circle@8i, j<, 1 3D, 8i, 0, 1<, 8j, 0, 1<D,
8PointSize@0.02D, Point@pD, Table@Point@8i, j<D, 8i, 0, 1<, 8j, 0, 1<D<,
Arrow@p, p + vD,
Line@8p, p + 1.9 v<D<;
Show@Graphics@grD, AspectRatio Automatic,
Axes True, AxesOrigin 8-1 2, -1 2<D

1.5

0.5

0.5

1.5

Graphics

Roughly speaking, we solve the problem in the following way. Consider the half line starting at p in the direction of v.
That half line consists of intervals, cut off by the unit squares with center a lattice point, as indicated in the figure. For
each point on the half line we find the corresponding center by rounding the position to the nearest integers. It is easily
verified that the half line does not intersect the corresponding circle when the length of such an interval is less than 2/3
!!!!
(actually 2 - 2 3) . Hence
When the half line starting at p in the direction of v does not intersect the circle corresponding to p, then the first circle
that might be intersected is the circle corresponding to p + 2 v 3.
When the circle is intersected, we determine the first point of intersection and the new direction. Otherwise we simply
shift to p + 2 v 3.
Finding the new direction is done by a matrix multiplication; Ha, bL is the axis.

simtref2.nb
mat@8a_, b_<D = Drop@#, 2D & RowReduce@ 88a, b, -a, -b<, 8-b, a, -b, a<<D
-a2 + b2
2ab
2ab
a2 - b2
99
, -

=, 9-

,
==
2
2
2
2
2
2
a +b
a +b
a +b
a2 + b2

We compute the distance of the origin to the position of the point at t = 10, using arbitrary precision numbers, in the
following way.
p = N@81 2, 1 10<, 70D;
v = 81, 0<;
resttime = 10;
While@resttime > 0,
m = Round@p + 2 v 3D;
t0 = Min@ Cases@t . Solve@Hp + t v - m L. Hp + t v - m L 1 9, tD , _ ? PositiveDD;
If@t0 < resttime,
p = p + t0 v; v = mat@p - mD.v,
t0 = Min@resttime, 2 3D;
p = p + t0 vD;
resttime = resttime - t0D;
Sqrt@p.pD
0.99526291944335416089031180942672


 


  

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