Ex .

NO:

Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation

Aim:
a) To construct AM modulator and demodulator circuit and to trace message, carrier, modulated and demodulated signal. b) To determine the modulation index of AM modulated wave. DEVICES, COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED: Sl.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Name of the Component/Equipment Transistor(BC 107)/BC 547
Capacitor

Specifications/Range ic(max) = 100 mA

0.01F, 2 F.

Quantity 1 1 1 I Each 1 2 1 1 Few in Nos 1

Decade inductance box

Resistors CRO Function generator Regulated Power Supply Diode Connection wires Bread Board

100-150mH
1K, 22K, 6.8K, 10K, 100 K. 30MHz 3MHz 0-30V, 1A 0A79 Single stand -

Theory:
Amplitude Modulation is defined as a process in which the amplitude of the carrier wave

c(t) is varied linearly with the instantaneous amplitude of the message signal m(t).The mathematical form of an amplitude modulated (AM) wave is defined by st A 1 K mtcos2f t c a c Where

K a is called the amplitude sensitivity constant of the modulator.

The demodulation circuit is used to recover the message signal from AM wave at the receiver. An envelope detector is a simple and yet highly effective circuit that is well suited for the demodulation of AM wave, for which the percentage modulation is less than 100%.Ideally, an envelope detector produces an output signal that follows the envelop of the input signal wave form exactly; hence, the name. Same version of this circuit is used in almost all commercial AM radio receivers.

The Modulation Index is defined as,

Where Vmax and Vmin are the maximum and minimum amplitudes of the modulated wave.

Circuit Diagrams:

FIG 1: AM MODULATOR

FIG 2: AM DE-MODULATOR

Procedure: For modulator circuit

1. The circuit is connected as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig.1. 2. Switch on + 12 volts VCC supply. 3. Apply sinusoidal signal of 1 KHz frequency and amplitude 2 Vp-p as modulating Signal and carrier signal of frequency 11 KHz and amplitude 15 Vp-p . 4. Now slowly increase the amplitude of the modulating signal up to 7V and note down values of Vmax and Vmin. 5. Calculate modulation index using equation 6. Repeat step 5 by varying frequency of the modulating signal. 7. Plot the graphs for time Vs Amplitude . 8. Connect the circuit diagram as shown in Fig.2. 9. Feed the AM wave to the demodulator circuit and observe the output 10. Note down frequency and amplitude of the demodulated output waveform. 11. Draw the demodulated wave form by varying massage signal amplitude for different values of m

Tabulation: TABLE 1: fm= 1KHz, fc=11KHz S.No

(Volts) Vm V (volts) V
min

(Volts)

%m (m x100)

max

Table 2:
S.No.

=4V f =11KHz Am p-p c f

m(KHz)

(volts) Vmax

(Volts)

%m (m x100)

min

Waveforms and model graphs:

AM MODULATED SIGNAL

Result:
1. The impact of varying the message signal amplitude is realized by studying modulation index on AM modulation. 2. AM Modulated signal is demodulated and the message signal is recovered back.