APPLICATION OF WAVELETS TO CHARACTERIZE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEMS

Iliuk, I., Balthazar, J.M., Tusset, A.M., Piqueira, J.R.C., de Pontes, B.R., Felix, J.L.P., Bueno, A.M.
Laboratory of Automation and Control (LAC), Polytechnic School Paulo University of Sao itamar.iliuk@usp.br Preto - November 3-7, 2013 22nd International Congress of Mechanical Engineering - Ribeirao
INTRODUCTION harvesting systems based in single and double-well potential oscillators can be presents both periodic or chaotic behavior. In order to identify this behaviors an analysis using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) can be performed alternatively to classical methods used in dynamical systems theory. A practical guide to wavelet analysis was developed by Torrence and Compo(1998). This paper describes the application of continuous wavelet transform (CWT) using the complex wavelet of Morlet contained in the toolkit to identication and analyze of energy harvesting systems behavior. The phase portrait in Fig.4 shows the chaotic behavior of the system without (NES) passive controller attached and the system with (NES) that demonstrates a periodic behavior.

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Figura 4: Phase portrait without NES and with NES

MATHEMATICAL MODELS

CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM Figures 5-8 presents a partial representation of displacement of the system. In order to localize of phenomena at timefrequency domain, the wavelet power spectrum (scalogram) was depicted using the command contour of Matlab with the colormap jet in ranges from blue to red, where the blue color represents the lower value of wavelet coefcients and the red color the large values. The thick black contour encloses regions of greater than 95% condence for a red-noise process with a lag-1 coefcient of (0.72). The cone of inuence also is depicted to indicate the region where edge effects become important. The global wavelet spectrum provides an unbiased and consistent estimation of the true power spectrum of a time series, i.e. represents the equivalent Fourier power spectrum of the signal. The contours of the modulus are represented by a series of turbulence-like cells in the time-frequency domain, which indicates that the impulse responses consist of a set of harmonic modes with different but very close frequencies. The amplitudes of these harmonic modes are constants for the linear case since the turbulence cells are regularly arranged along the time axis. But, for nonlinear system, the amplitudes of these harmonic modes are not constants as shown by the random distribution of turbulence cells. This statement is used to classication of the system behavior in periodic or chaotic.

Figura 7: a)time history, b)scalogram, c) global wavelet spectrum

Ideal energy harvester models

The ideal models, are those excited by a well dened ideal energy source as the form of Eq.(1). A cos(t) (1) The nonlinear model in Fig.1 studied by Triplett and Quinn (2009) presents in the phase portrait a periodic behavior.

Figura 8: a)time history, b)scalogram, c) global wavelet spectrum

Figura 1: Ideal energy harvester by Triplett and Quinn (2009)

CONCLUSIONS The analysis of the oscillatory movements using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) can be a very useful tool in some cases to identication of type of motion. The results of the application of wavelet transform can be used as an auxiliary measure for the validation of chaos in dynamical systems together with the traditional measurements make by calcula maps. tion of Lyapunov exponents and Poincare REFERENCES

The model proposed by Erturk(2009) is a forced Dufng oscillator showed in Fig.2. The phase portrait shows a chaotic behavior.

Figura 2: Ideal energy harvester by Erturk (2009)

Non-ideal energy harvester models

The energy harvesting are non-ideal because of the type of excitation source, e.g. a DC motor with limited power. An extensive analyses of non-ideal theory can be found in Balthazar et al (2003). In Fig.3 a simple portal frame under non-ideal excitation is considered as a Non-Ideal System (NIS), coupled to a Nonlinear Energy Sink (NES) passive controller.

[1] Torrence, C. and Compo, G. P. A Practical Guide to Wavelet Analysis. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 79, 61-78, 1998. [2] Balthazar, J.M. et al. An overview on non-ideal vibrations. Meccanica, vol.38, pp.613-621, 2003.
Figura 5: a)time history, b)scalogram, c) global wavelet spectrum

[3] Triplett, A. and Quinn, D.D. The Effect of Non-linear Piezoelectric Coupling on Vibration-based Energy Harvesting. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol.20 pp.1959-1967, 2009. [4] Erturk, A. Electromechanical Modeling of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters. PHDThesis - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 2009. [5] Iliuk , I. et al. A non-ideal portal frame energy harvester controlled using a pendulum. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, n.7, vol.222, pp.1575-1586, 2013.

Figura 3: Non-Ideal energy harvester by Iliuk et al (2013) Figura 6: a)time history, b)scalogram, c) global wavelet spectrum