Design Of Distillation Column

By MUHAMMAD TARIQ 2005-Chem-89

Synopsis
What is distillatio ! "ele#tio $%& 'late a d 'a#(ed #ol)m "ele#tio o* t+ay ty,e Desi- Cal#)latio s 'late Hyd+a)li# Desi ",e#i*i#atio "heet
2

What is Distillation?
/'+o#ess i &hi#h a li0)id mi1t)+e o* t&o o+ mo+e s)$sta #es is se,a+ated i to its #om,o e t *+a#tio s o* desi+ed ,)+ity o the $asis o* di**e+e #e i +elati2e 2olatility 3 $y the a,,li#atio a d +emo2al o* heat4
.

Column Internals
Com,a+iso $%& T+ay 6 'a#(ed Col)m s

Choice b/w Tray & Pac e! Column

The #hoi#e $et&ee these t&o *o+ a -i2e mass t+a s*e+ o,e+atio is $ased o a detail #ost a alysis7 Ho&e2e+3 The de#isio #a $e made o the $asis o* a 0)alitati2e a alysis o* +elati2e ad2a ta-es a d disad2a ta-es7
5

Tray & Pac e! Column Cont!"

9o -*oami - systems7 :i0)id +ates &itho)t *loodi -7 'e+iodi# #lea i - is easy i t+ay #ol)m s I te+ sta-e #ooli Desi- i *o+matio Hei-ht o* the Col)m
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Selection Of Tray Column

I ha2e sele#ted the t+ay #ol)m *o+ this ,a+ti#)la+ system as< As o)+ system is o *oami -7 Hei-ht o* the #ol)m is la+-e7 Tem,e+at)+e is hi-h3 i7e7 1;27.oC Diamete+ is -+eate+ tha 078;m
;

O#er#iew of Tray Column

Plate Contactors
C+oss-*lo& #o ta#to+s a+e the most #ommo ty,e o* ,late #o ta#to+s7 I a #+oss-*lo& ,late the li0)id *lo&s a#+oss the ,late a d the 2a,o)+ ), th+o)-h the ,late7 The li0)id mo2e *+om ,late to ,late 2ia do& #ome+7 A #e+tai le2el o* li0)id is mai tai ed o the ,lates $y &ei+7
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Cross $low Plate Contactors

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Plate Contactors Cont!"

Th+ee ,+i #i,al ty,es o* #+oss *lo& t+ays a+e )sed #lassi*ied a##o+di - to the method )sed to #o ta#t the 2a,o)+ a d li0)id7 Sie#e Plates %Perforate! Plate& 'ubble Cap Plates (al#e plates %floating cap plates&
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Plate Contactors Cont!"

"ie2e 'late

B)$$le Ca, ,late

=al2e 'late

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Selection Of Sie#e Plate

I>2e sele#ted the Sie#e Plates $e#a)se< Pressure !rop is lo&est7 Thei+ fun!amentals a+e &ell esta$lished7 Sie#e plates a+e the #hea,est7 They a+e lighter in weight" )aintenance cost is +ed)#ed d)e to the ease o* #lea i -

1.

O#er#iew of Sie#e Tray

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$actors affecting Distillation Column Operation

Ad2e+se (apor $low #o ditio s #a #a)se< Wee,i Co i ?1#essi2e ? te+tai me t @loodi 15

Column Pressure *n! Type Of Con!enser

18

Distillation Column in P$D

1;

Simulation on +,S,S

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T-137o C P-110 4Pa

.7852A108 BC%h+

$ee! $- .//0 % g/hr& T-121oC P-1304P a

.7885A108 BC%h+

Top Pro!uct D-6/0 %4g /hr& T-117oC P-1014 Pa

'ottom Pro!uct .500 %4g /hr& T-..0oC P-1204Pa

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)aterial 'alance

Hea2y Bey Com,o e tD Malei# A hyd+ide EMA9F

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Design Calculations Of Distillation Column

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Data 8e9uire! $or Design

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Designing Steps of Distillation Column

Cal#)latio o* Mi im)m Re*l)1 Ratio ER mi F7 A#t)al Re*l)1 Ratio ERF7 Mi im)m )m$e+ o* sta-esE9 mi F7 Theo+eti#al )m$e+ o* sta-es7 A#t)al )m$e+ o* sta-es7 Diamete+ o* the #ol)m 7 Wee,i - 3 e t+ai me t3 et# Total '+ess)+e d+o,7 Hei-ht o* the #ol)m

2.

)inimum 8eflu; 8atio

Usi - U de+&ood e0)atio <

As *eed is e te+i - as "at)+ated :i0)id3 9 - 1 - .6": 9o&3 8min - 6"77

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*ctual 8eflu; 8atio

The+e is o ha+d a d *ast +)les *o+ the sele#tio o* o,tim)m +e*l)1 +atio3 $)t *o+ ma y systems the o,tim)m &ill lie $et&ee 172 to 175 times the mi im)m +e*l)1 +atio< R D 1725ER 8 -2
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mi

)inimum =umber of Stages

The mi im)m 9o7 o* "ta-es 9mi #a $e *i d *+om $ens e <9uation &hi#h is3

D 20

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Theoretical =umber of Stages

Usi - Gillila d-?d)lHee +elatio <

= - 3/ Co side+i - o e sta-e a#hie2ed i Re$oile+ 6 Co de se+ = - 3:

2;

>ocation of $ee! Plate

Usi - Bi+($+ide +elatio <

6 He #e3 9D D 19

9B D 19
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O#erall Tray <fficiency

A 0)i#( estimate o* the o2e+all #ol)m e**i#ie #y #a $e o$tai ed *+om the #o++elatio -i2e $y O? Connell &hi#h is sho& $elo&3

< o - 70"/.@

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*ctual =umber of Stages

As o2e+all #ol)m e**i#ie #y is ;0792I "o3 9 a#tD .8%07;09 9 9o&3 A#t)al 9D D 2; A#t)al 9B D 2;
.0

a#tD

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Determination of $loo!ing (elocity

@lo& 'a+amete+ $ased o Re#ti*yi "e#tio <

@:= D 070.2 Ass)me 3'late ",a#i - D 075m @+om G+a,h &e -et B1 D 070; 9o& @loodi - 2elo#ity<
.1

.2

*ctual Operating (elocity

Co++e#tio *a#to+ *o+ s)+*a#e te sio 3 J D 5875. dy e%#m "o3 ) *D .718 m%se# Ass)me 3 A#t)al o,e+ati - 2elo#ity is the 85I o* the *loodi - 2elo#ity3 ) D 27;1m%se#
..

Cross Sectional *rea Of The Column

D 0729m2

Ta(i - Do& -#ome+ A+ea as 12I o* total #+oss se#tio al a+ea3 Total Col)m #+oss se#tio al A+ea D 9et A+ea%0788
.5

Diameter Of The Column

Col)m Diamete+ D D 0785m E$ased o 8ectifying sectionF I the simila+ly &ay3 D D 0789m E$ased o Stripping sectionF As3 T&o Diamete+s a+e ea+ly same7 "o3 the Diamete+s &ill $e same *o+ $oth the "e#tio s7

.5

Plate +y!raulic Design

.8

Tray Design
Do& -Come+ A+ea D 0712EA#F AD D 7051m2 A#ti2e A+ea D A# K 2AD Aa D 0728m2 Hole A+ea D 071EAaF D 7028m2 Ta(e &ei+ hei-ht D 50mm
.;

Weir >ength
As &e ha2e3

@+om G+a,h &e -et

"o3 :& D 075m

.8

Weir >i9ui! Crest

Usi - +elatio 3

ho& D 2.789 mm @o+ mi im)m C+est )se ;0I o* ma1im)m *lo&

ho&Emi He #e3

D 18788 mm
.9

50

Weeping Chec
Usi - +elatio <

@+om G+a,h U
mi

B2 D .0758 D 875. m%se#

A#t)al mi im)m =a,o+ 2elo#ity th+o)-h holes<

a#tEmi F

D 1;785 m%se#

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Weeping Phenomena

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Support *rea
:&%D# D 07;8 @+om -+a,h< L D 99o + D 07..m A+# le -th D +AEM-LF D 758 m As D 2AA+#7 A 705 D 0705 m2
5.

55

Calming Aone *rea

@+om @i-7

a D 725 m AN D 5a A 0705 D 07055m2

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Perforate! *rea

A,D Col)m A+ea K 2EDo& -#ome+ a+eaF K "),,o+t a+ea K Calmi No e A+ea D 0718 m2

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=umber Of +oles
"i -le hole A+ea D 1798A 10-5 m2 9o7 o* holes D Total hole a+ea % si -le hole a+ea D 1..0 holes +ole PitchB

@+om the -+a,h3 "o3 :, D 1175 mm

5;

Craph To $in! The +ole Pitch

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Pressure Drop Calculation

The ,+ess)+e d+o, o2e+ the ,lates is a im,o+ta t desi- #o side+atio 3 the total ,late ,+ess)+e d+o, is -i2e $elo&3 Total head loss ,e+ ,late D hd O h+ O h& O ho& h d D D+y ,late d+o, h+ D Resid)al head

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Dry Plate Pressure Drop

We ( o& that3

We ha2eP a d 'late thi#( ess % hole diamete+ D 1 @+om -+a,h &e -etP Co D 0791 He #e3 h d D .0 mm-li0)id

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51

8esi!ual +ea!
This is the head loss d)e to $)$$le *o+matio a d othe+ losses7 This is -i2e $y

h+ D 11751 mm-li07
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Total Pressure Drop

Total head loss ,e+ ,late D h O ho&
d

O h+ O h&

ht D 1097;8 mm-li07 '+ess)+e d+o, ,e+ ,late D Q't - /.5 Pa Total '+ess)+e d+o, i the #ol)m < Q' D 9o7 o* ,lates A Q't

5.

Down Comer 'ac up

Ass)mi - that do& #ome+ is 8 mm $elo& the &ei+ le2el< The hei-ht o* a,e+t)+e th)s *o+med is < ha,D h&- 8 D55mm A+ea ) de+ a,+o < A a, Dh
a,A

&
55

D 0702m2

Down Comer 'ac up

d#

D27;mm

D 50O18788O109O27; D 1807.5mm
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8esi!ence Time
:i0)id +eside #e time i do& #ome+ is -i2e as

t + D 57. se#
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+eight of the Column

Hei-ht o* the distillatio #ol)m #a $e *i d $y the -i2e $elo& *o+m)la3

Whe+e QH is the additio al hei-ht +e0)i+ed *o+ the #ol)m o,e+atio 7 H # D .0 m

5;

Specification Sheet

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