Amber Shoopman U.S.

Navy during the War of 1812 Specifically the Great Lakes Campaign History 220 001 Working Bibliography Primary Sources Perry, Oliver Hazard. Oliver Perrys letter to the Secretary of the Navy. Prologue: Pieces of History. National Archives. Accessed September 21, 2013. http://www.archives.gov/global-pages/larger-image.html?i=/press/pressreleases/2013/pdf/2013-135a-l.jpg&c= This source is the actual letter that Oliver Perry sent to the Secretary of the Navy on September 10, 1813 after his victory over the British fleet on Lake Erie. This is one of the key battles that kept the United States from actually losing the War of 1812. This piece of evidence shows the character and attitude of one of the most influential men in the Great Lakes engagements. United States Congress. American State Papers: Documents, Legislative and Executive, of the Congress of the United States, vol. 1 of Naval Affairs in US Serial Set. 1832. Hathi Trust Digital Library, Accessed September 21, 2013. http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433009408778;view=1up;seq=10 The American State Papers of Naval Affairs volumes 1 is a collection of documents from the President of the United States, Congress, the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of War, Commissioners of the Navy, and various committees charged with overseeing the US Navy from 1794 to 1831. These documents include orders to build naval vessels, the various conditions of these vessels over time, the naval budget, and most importantly information on battles the US Navy took part in. Most specific to my research, there are documents that relate to the battles that occurred in the Great Lakes area during 1813 1815. United States Congress. Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States vol. 2329 of the Annals of Congress. 1834. Hathi Trust Digital Library, Accessed September 21, 2013. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001719524/Home The Annals of Congress are a compilation of speeches, debates, and periodicals of the times from the proceedings of the United States Congress. Most of the accounts are comprised from newspaper articles written on the day of the session. The information included covers casualties, battles, losses, victories, and naval promotions. There is extensive coverage in the Annals of Congress in regards to the Great Lakes battles. Secondary Sources Black, Jeremy. "The North American Theater Of The Napoleonic Wars, Or, As It Is Sometimes Called, The War Of 1812." Journal Of Military History 76, no. 4 (October 2012): 10531066. Historical Abstracts with Full Text, EBSCOhost (80001376).

In this article, Black describes the methods of war in the early 19th century, specifically during the War of 1812. He pays special emphasis to the Royal Navy and their multiple conflicts worldwide. He further explains how these varying battles on different sides of the Atlantic Ocean impacted Great Britains ability to effectively fight in the War of 1812 with the United States. He reflects on the possible outcome if they had not been previously engaged in a struggle with Napoleon. Callo, Joseph F. "How the Battles of Lake Erie and Lake Champlain Influenced the American Narrative." Hudson River Valley Review 29, no. 1 (September 2012): 97-115. America: History and Life with Full Text, EBSCOhost (83378315). This article details the Battle of Lake Erie and the Battle of Lake Champlain and the impact each had on the War of 1812. It also discusses the changing relationship between Great Britain and the United States as well as the ramifications of the Treaty of Ghent. This source is unique as it delves into the subject of how the War of 1812 was influenced by the geography of both countries and their allies. Crawford, Michael J. "U.S. Navy Petty Officers in the Era of the War of 1812." Journal Of Military History 76, no. 4 (October 2012): 1035-1051. Historical Abstracts with Full Text, EBSCOhost (80001375). In this source, Crawford gives background on the rise of the petty officer and the role they played in the War of 1812. He details the life of a petty officer on board a naval ship. He explains how the United States Navy recruited officers and sailors during this time as well as regulated and disciplined them when necessary. This is valuable as it gives a more rounded view of the men who served and fought in the Great Lakes battles. Ellison, David. "David Wingfield and Sacketts Harbour." Dalhousie Review 52, no. 3 (Fall1972): 407-413. This article includes the firsthand account of David Wingfield, a midshipman in the English Navy during a the Battle for Sacketts Harbour on Lake Ontario in May 1813. While the editor gives a second hand interpretive introduction as well as a reflective conclusion, the account by Wingfield is a valuable primary source from the British perspective. Wingfield give great detail of the battle and military strategies of the Royal Navy. Forester, C.S. "Victory on Lake Champlain." American Heritage 15, no. 1 (December 1963): 490. America: History and Life with Full Text, EBSCOhost (22576972). This source recounts the battle between the General Governor of Canada, Sir George Prevost and US Naval Commander Thomas Macdonough. The article gives great details on the days leading up to the exchange, the battle itself, and a reflection of the outcome to the overall War of 1812. To his advantage, Forester keeps to the idea that the US did not win the War of 1812 they just didnt lose, by pointing out that Macdonough was not necessarily victorious in battle, but rather he used his opponents mistakes against him so that the US Navy was not overcome.

Skaggs, David Curtis. "More Important Than Perry's Victory." Naval History 27, no. 5 (October 2013): 20-28. America: History and Life with Full Text, EBSCOhost (90029061). This article compares and contrasts the Perrys Battle of Lake Erie with Macdonoughs Battle of Lake Champlain. The battles occurred nearly a year apart and Skaggs explores the ramifications of both and the impact they had on the War of 1812. He further explores the two men on the merits of their character and leadership abilities and styles. This source is valuable as it details both battles from an American perspective as well as a British perspective. White, William H. "The War of 1812 Year Two, 1813." Sea History no. 136 (October 2011): 1015. Historical Abstracts with Full Text, EBSCOhost (65792354). In this source, White describes the military exploits during the War of 1812, specifically those undertaken in 1813. What makes this source valuable is that he highlights both the United States and British military strategies and proceedings with equal measure. The source includes both land and naval operations and pays particular attention to the Oliver Perry and the Battle of Lake Erie.