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Batool Talha Presentation
Batool Talha Presentation
Batool Talha Presentation
(2)
(t)
(3)
(t)
Phase:
dRayleigh
(t) = arg {
dRayleigh
(t)}
Discussion:
dRayleigh
(t) describes the fading envelope of the
overall SMS-DMS link via the MR.
The NLOS second-order scattering (NLSS) process:
Complex notation:
NLSS
(t) =
(1)
(t) + A
MR
(2)
(t)
(3)
(t)
Envelope:
NLSS
(t) = |
NLSS
(t)| =
(1)
(t) + A
MR
(2)
(t)
(3)
(t)
Phase:
NLSS
(t) = arg {
NLSS
(t)}
Discussion:
NLSS
(t) describes the fading envelope of the
overall SMS-DMS link via the MR.
2
t
Source
mobile station
Destination
mobile station
3
t
Mobile relay
1
t
2
t
Source
mobile station
Destination
mobile station
3
t
Mobile relay
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
7/26
3. Overview of Studied M2M Fading Channels
Overview of Studied M2M Fading Channels Under LOS Propagation Conditions
The double Rice process:
Complex notation:
dRice
(t) = A
MR
(2)
(t)
(3)
(t)
Envelope:
dRice
(t) = |
dRice
(t)| =
A
MR
(2)
(t)
(3)
(t)
Phase:
dRice
(t) = arg {
dRice
(t)}
Discussion:
dRice
(t) describes the fading envelope of the
overall SMS-DMS link via the MR.
The single-LOS double-scattering (SLDS) process:
Complex notation:
SLDS
(t) = m
(1)
(t) + A
MR
(2)
(t)
(3)
(t)
Envelope:
SLDS
(t) = |
SLDS
(t)| =
m
(1)
(t) + A
MR
(2)
(t)
(3)
(t)
Phase:
SLDS
(t) = arg {
SLDS
(t)}
Discussion:
SLDS
(t) describes the fading envelope of the
overall SMS-DMS link via the MR.
2
t
3
t
Source
mobile station
Destination
mobile station
Mobile relay
m t
2
t
Source
mobile station
Destination
mobile station
3
t
Mobile relay
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
8/26
3. Overview of Studied M2M Fading Channels
The single-LOS second-order scattering (SLSS) process:
Complex notation:
SLSS
(t) =
(1)
(t) + A
MR
(2)
(t)
(3)
(t)
Envelope:
SLSS
(t) = |(t)| =
(1)
(t) + A
MR
(2)
(t)
(3)
(t)
Phase:
SLSS
(t) = arg {(t)}
Discussion:
SLSS
(t) describes the fading envelope of the
overall SMS-DMS link via the MR.
The multiple-LOS second-order scattering (MLSS) process:
Complex notation:
MLSS
(t) =
(1)
(t) + A
MR
(2)
(t)
(3)
(t)
Envelope:
MLSS
(t) = |(t)| =
(1)
(t) + A
MR
(2)
(t)
(3)
(t)
Phase:
MLSS
(t) = arg {(t)}
Discussion:
MLSS
(t) describes the fading envelope of the
overall SMS-DMS link via the MR.
1
t
2
t
Source
mobile station
Destination
mobile station
3
t
Mobile relay
Mobile relay
1
t
2
t
3
t
Source
mobile station
Destination
mobile station
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
9/26
4. Equal Gain Combining (EGC) over Double Rayleigh Fading Channels
Scenario:
Source
mobile station
Destination
mobile station
(1)
( ) t
(2)
( ) t
(4)
( ) t
(3)
( ) t
(2 1)
( )
k
t
(2 )
( )
k
t
Mobile relay #1
Mobile relay #2
Mobile relay #K
Scattered component:
(i)
(t) =
(i)
1
(t) + j
(i)
2
(t), i = 1, 2, 3, . . . , 2K
Discussion:
(i)
(t) CN
_
0, 2
2
(i)
_
, i = 1, 2, 3, . . . , 2K
Each
(i)
(t) models the scattered components of the M2M fading channels in
the S-R
i
and R
i
-D links.
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
10/26
4. Equal Gain Combining (EGC) over Double Rayleigh Fading Channels
Double scattered component:
(k)
(t) = A
R
(k)
(2k1)
(t)
(2k)
(t) , k = 1, 2, . . . , K
Discussion:
(k)
(t) =
(k)
1
(t) + j
(k)
2
(t) zero-mean complex double Gaussian process.
Each
(k)
(t) models the overall M2M fading channel in the kth S-R
k
-D link.
A
R
(k)
is the relay gain associated with the kth relay.
Received signal envelope at the output of EG combiner:
(t) =
K
k=1
(k)
(t) =
K
k=1
(k)
(t)
(1)
(t)
(2)
(t)
+ +
(K)
(t)
Discussion:
(k)
(t) =
(k)
(t)
k=1
(k)
(t) =
K
k=1
(k)
(t)
thus, the CF
() can be given as
the product of the CFs
(k)
() of the constituent processes
(k)
, i.e.,
() =
K
k=1
(k)
()
where
(k)
() =
4
3
1
(1jA
R
(k)
(2k1)
(2k)
)
2 2
F
1
_
2,
1
2
;
5
2
;
1jA
R
(k)
(2k1)
(2k)
1jA
R
(k)
(2k1)
(2k)
_
.
k = 1, 2, , K. Here
2
F
1
[, ; ; ] is the Gauss hypergeometric function.
Considering
(k)
(t) are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random
variables, then
() =
(1)
() =
(2)
() = =
(K)
().
() = {
()}
K
=
_
4
3
1
(1jA
R
(1)
(2)
)
2 2
F
1
_
2,
1
2
;
5
2
;
1jA
R
(1)
(2)
1jA
R
(1)
(2)
__
K
.
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
12/26
5. Statistical Properties of Double Rayleigh Fading Channels with EGC
Problem: The CF
() is not trackable.
Proposed solution: Approximate the target PDF (i.e., the PDF p
(z) =
n=0
b
n
exp (z) z
l
L
(
l
)
n
(z)
where L
(
l
)
n
(z) = exp (z)
z
(
l
)
d
n
z!dz
[exp (z)z
n+
l
] ,
l
> 1 are the generalized
Laguerre polynomials,
b
n
=
n!
(n+
l
+1)
_
0
L
(
l
)
n
(z) p
(z) dz, z =
y
l
, and () is the Gamma function.
Required parameters: The parameters
l
and
l
are dened through the mean and the
variance of (t).
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
13/26
5. Statistical Properties of Double Rayleigh Fading Channels with EGC
Approximation procedure: By denition, the n moments of
(k)
(t) can be calculated with
the help of the CF
() as
m
n
= (j)
n d
n
d
n
() |
=0
Mean of
(k)
(t) = the rst moment of
(k)
(t) = m
1
= the rst cumulant of
(k)
(t) =
1
=
A
R
(k)
(2k1)
(2k)
2
The second moment of
(k)
(t) = m
2
= 4A
2
R
(k)
(2k1)
(2k)
Variance of
(k)
(t) = the second cumulant of
(k)
(t) =
2
= m
2
m
2
1
=
1
4
A
2
R
(k)
(2k1)
(2k)
_
16
2
_
The parameter
l
of the Laguerre series can be given as
l
=
2
1
2
1 and the parameter
l
can be expressed as
l
=
2
1
The rst term in the Laguerre series can now be expressed
as follows
p
0
(z) =
z
(
l
+1)
(
l
+1)
l
(
l
+1)
exp
_
l
_
which is a Gamma distribution.
PDF p
(z) of (t) =
K
k=1
(k)
(t) p
(z)
z
(
l
+1)
(
l
+1)
l
(
l
+1)
exp
_
l
_
where
l
and
l
are calculated using
1
and
2
of (t).
Note that the nth cumulant of (t) is related to the nth
cumulant of
(k)
(t) as
n
=
n
K
(n1)
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
14/26
5. Statistical Properties of Double Rayleigh Fading Channels with EGC
CDF F
(r) of (t) =
K
k=1
(k)
(t) F
(r) =
r
_
0
p
(z) dz = 1
_
r
p
(z) dz
1
1
(
l
+1)
l
,
r
l
_
where (, ) is the upper incomplete Gamma function.
Derivation of the Level-Crossing Rate (LCR) and Average Duration of Fades (ADF)
LCR N
(r) of (t) =
K
k=1
(k)
(t) N
(r) =
_
0
zp
(r, z) d z
Starting point: Computation of the joint PDF p
(z)
of (t) can be approximated with the help of Gamma distribution (i.e., p
(z)).
Thus, it is logical to approximate the joint PDF p
(r, z) p
(r, z)
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
15/26
5. Statistical Properties of Double Rayleigh Fading Channels with EGC
Next step: Computation of the joint PDF p
(x, x) =
1
4x
p
N
N
_
x,
x
2
x
_
=
1
2
2x
x
(m1)
(/m)
m
(m)
exp
_
x
(/m)
x
8
2
x
_
where m, , and are the parameters associated with the Nakagami-m distribution.
We can now easily write p
(x, x) in terms of
l
and
l
as
p
(x, x) =
1
2
2x
x
(
l
+1)
l
(
l
+1)
exp
_
x
8x
_
where = 2
_
A
R
(1)
(2)
_
2
_
f
2
S
max
+ 2f
2
R
max
+ f
2
D
max
_
Numerical investigations show that p
(r, z)
1
3
p
(r, z)
Final result: N
(r) =
_
0
zp
(r, z) d z
_
0
z
3
p
(r, z) d z
_
2
3A
R
r
r
(
l
+1)
l
(
l
+1)
exp
_
l
_
ADF T
(r) of (t) =
K
k=1
(k)
(t) T
(r) =
F
(r)
N
(r)
where F
(r) and N
(z) of (t) =
K
k=1
(k)
(t)
Expression: p
(z)
x
(
l
+1)
(
l
+1)
l
(
l
+1)
exp
_
l
_
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
x
P
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
,
p
(
x
)
Theory
Simulation
N = 1
A
R
= 1
N = 3
N = 2
N = 10
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
17/26
6. Simulation Results
PDF p
(z) of (t) =
K
k=1
(k)
(t)
Expression: p
(z)
x
(
l
+1)
(
l
+1)
l
(
l
+1)
exp
_
l
_
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
x
P
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
,
p
(
x
)
Theory
Simulation
N = 2
A
R
= 1
A
R
= 2
A
R
= 3
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
18/26
6. Simulation Results
CDF F
(r) of (t) =
K
k=1
(k)
(t)
Expression: F
(r) 1
1
(
l
+1)
l
,
r
l
_
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Level, r
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
,
F
(
r
)
Theory
Simulation
N = 1
N = 2
N = 3
N = 10
A
R
= 1
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
19/26
6. Simulation Results
CDF F
(r) of (t) =
K
k=1
(k)
(t)
Expression: F
(r) 1
1
(
l
+1)
l
,
r
l
_
0 5 10 15
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Level, r
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
,
F
(
r
)
Theory
Simulation
A
R
= 1
N = 2
A
R
= 2
A
R
= 3
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
20/26
6. Simulation Results
LCR N
(r) of (t) =
K
k=1
(k)
(t)
Expression: N
(r)
_
2
3A
R
r
r
(
l
+1)
l
(
l
+1)
exp
_
l
_
10
2
10
1
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
2
10
1
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
Level, r
L
e
v
e
l
-
c
r
o
s
s
i
n
g
r
a
t
e
,
N
(
r
)
Theory
Simulation
N = 1
N = 2
N = 3 N = 10
A
R
= 1
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
21/26
6. Simulation Results
LCR N
(r) of (t) =
K
k=1
(k)
(t)
Expression: N
(r)
_
2
3A
R
r
r
(
l
+1)
l
(
l
+1)
exp
_
l
_
10
2
10
1
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
2
10
1
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
Level, r
L
e
v
e
l
-
c
r
o
s
s
i
n
g
r
a
t
e
,
N
(
r
)
Theory
Simulation
A
R
= 1
A
R
= 2
A
R
= 3
N = 2
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
22/26
6. Simulation Results
ADF T
(r) of (t) =
K
k=1
(k)
(t)
Expression: T
(r) =
F
(r)
N
(r)
10
1
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
4
10
3
10
2
10
1
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
Level, r
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
f
a
d
e
s
,
T
(
r
)
Theory
Simulation
N = 1
N = 2
N = 3 N = 10
A
R
= 1
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
23/26
6. Simulation Results
ADF T
(r) of (t) =
K
k=1
(k)
(t)
Expression: T
(r) =
F
(r)
N
(r)
10
1
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
4
10
3
10
2
10
1
10
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
Level, r
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
d
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
f
a
d
e
s
,
T
(
r
)
Theory
Simulation
A
R
= 3
A
R
= 1
A
R
= 2
N = 2
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
24/26
7. Summary
A brief overview of several M2M fading channels in cooperative networks under both NLOS
and LOS propagation conditions has been presented.
In double Rayleigh fading environment, the statistical properties such as the PDF, CDF, LCR,
and ADF of the received signal envelope at the output of the EG combiner were investigated.
We have shown that the PDF of the received signal envelope at the output of the EG com-
biner where each diversity branch has double Rayleigh fading, can be approximated as the
Gamma distribution.
Based on this approximation, we have obtained and presented closed-form expressions for
the previously mentioned statistical quantities.
The approximated analytical expressions t nicely to the simulations, conrming their correct-
ness.
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
25/26
8. Future Plans
Performance analysis of EGC over double Rayleigh/ double Nakagami-m fading channels in
cooperative networks.
Performance analysis of LDPC codes for M2M fading channels in cooperative networks.
Thesis writing.
Joint OptiMO and M2M Project Meeting, 14 August 2009, UiA
26/26