15th Philippine Mathematical Olympiad Area Stage 17 November 2012 Part I. No solution is needed.

All answers must be in simplest form. Each correct answer is worth three points. z4 + 1 i = . 4 z 1 3 2012 6 2. Find the remainder if (2001) is divided by 10 . 1 3. If z 3 1 = 0 and z = 1, nd the value of z + + 4. z 4. Find the equation of the line that contains the point (1, 0), that is of least positive slope, and that does not intersect the curve 4x2 y 2 8x = 12. 1. Find all complex numbers z such that 5. Consider a function f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, a > 0 with two distinct roots a distance p apart. By how much, in terms of a, b, c should the function be translated downwards so that the distance between the roots becomes 2p? 6. Find the equation of a circle, in the form (x h)2 + (y k )2 = r2 , inscribed in a triangle whose vertex are located at the points (2, 1), (2, 5), (5, 2). ax 7. Dene f (x) = x for any a > 0. Evaluate a + a
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1 1 1 8. Let 3x, 4y, 5z form a geometric sequence while , , form an arithmetic sequence. x y z x z Find the value of + . z x 9. Consider an acute triangle with angles , , opposite the sides a, b, c, respec5 a2 + b 2 c 2 3 . tively. If sin = and cos = , evaluate 5 13 ab 10. A change from Cartesian to polar coordinates involves the following transformation: m x = r cos and y = r sin . For a circle with polar equation r = cos , where n 1 n m 6, how many distinct combinations of m and n will this equation represent a circle of radius greater than or equal to 5? 11. Let f be a polynomial function that satises f (x 5) = 3x2 + 45x 108. Find the roots of f (x). 12. Six boy-girl pairs are to be formed from a group of six boys and six girls. In how many ways can this be done?

13. From the xy -plane, select ve distinct points that have integer coordinates. Find the probability that there is a pair of points among the ve whose midpoint has integer coordinates. 14. Given that tan + cot = 4, nd sec2 + csc2 1 sec csc . 2

15. There are 100 people in a room. 60 of them claim to be good at math, but only 50 are actually good at math. If 30 of them correctly deny that they are good at math, how many people are good at math but refuse to admit it? 16. Find the value of p, where, p= 162 9 162 16 162 64 162 4 . 18 13 19 12 20 11 24 7

17. The number x is chosen randomly from the interval (0, 1]. Dene y = log4 x . Find the sum of the lengths of all subintervals of (0, 1] for which y is odd. For any real number a, a is dened as the smallest integer not less than a. 18. Find the value/s of k so that the inequality k (x2 + 6x k )(x2 + x 12) > 0 has solution set (4, 3). 19. A sequence of numbers is dened using the relation an = an1 + 6an2 where a1 = 2, a2 = 1. Find a100 + 3a99 . 20. Dene the following operation for real numbers: a b = ab + a + b. If x y = 11, y z = 4, and x z = 5. What is the dierence between the maximum and minimum elements of the solution set {x, y, z }? Part II. Show the solution to each item. Each complete and correct solution is worth ten points. 1. If x + y + xy = 1, where x, y are nonzero real numbers, nd the value of xy + y x 1 . xy x y

2. The quartic (4th-degree) polynomial P (x) satises P (1) = 0 and attains its maximum value of 3 at both x = 2 and x = 3. Compute P (5). 3. Let v (X ) be the sum of elements of a nonempty nite set X , where X is a set of numbers. Calculate the sum of all numbers v (X ) where X ranges over all nonempty subsets of the set {1, 2, 3, ..., 16}.