Abstract

Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is becoming a widely de-ployed mechanism in broadband wireless networ s due to its capability to combat the channel impairments and support high data rate! "esides# dealing with small units of spectrum# named sub-carriers# instead of whole spectrum# results in enhanced fle$ibility and efficiency of the resource allocation for OFDMA down lin networ systems! %esource allocation and scheduling in the downlin of OFDMA networ s supporting heterogeneous traffic will be considered in this thesis! &he purpose of resource allocation is to allocate sub-carriers and power to users to meet their service requirements while maintaining fairness among users and ma$imi'es resource utili'ation! &o achieve these ob(ectives# utility-based resource allocation schemes along with some state-of-the-art resource allocation paradigms such as power control# adaptive modulation and coding# sub-carrier assignment# and scheduling are adopted! On one hand# a utility-based re-source allocation scheme improves resource utili'ation by allocating enough resources based on users) quality of service (*o+) satisfaction! On the other hand# resource allocation based on utilities is not trivial when users demand different traffic types with conve$ and nonconve$ utilities! &he contribution of the thesis is the proposing of a framewor # based on (oint physical (,-.) and medium access (MA/) layer optimi'ation# for utility-based resource allocation in OFDMA networ s with heterogeneous traffic types! &he framewor considers the networ resources limitations while attempting to improve resources utili'ation and heterogeneous users) satisfaction of service! &he resource allocation problem is formulated by continuous optimi'ation techniques is suggested to solve the problem! &he numerical results show that the framewor is very efficient in treating the nonconve$ity problem! 0t is e$pected that the research in the thesis contributes to developing practical schemes with low comple$ity for the MA/ layer of OFDMA down lin networ s!

Contents
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Abstract Contents List of Abbreviations 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Problem Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Research Objectives and Contributions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Structure of the Thesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Bibliographic Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Literature survey 3 Multi-carrier Transmission Over Wireless Channel 3.1 Radio Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.1 Wireless Channel Impairments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2 Wireless Channel, Mathematical Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2.1 Delay Spread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2.2 Coherence Bandwidth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1.2.3 Doppler Spread. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 2 Multi-Carrier OFDMA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 OFDM Transmitter and Receiver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2 PHY Layer Advantages of OFDM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.3 MAC Layer Advantages of OFDM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. 3 Network Topology and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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i ii iv 1 1 1 2 3 4 9 52 52 52 18 19 19 20 21 21 22 23 26

3.3. 1

PHY Layer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27 28 29

3.3.2 MAC Layer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 A Framework for Resource Allocation in OFDMA Networks 4. 1 System Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 2 Channel State Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 3 Multi-User diversity 4. 4 Resource Allocation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3. 1 Power and Subcarrier Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3. 2 Channel Capacity and Outage Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 5 Optimization Problem Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Solution of Optimization Problem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6.1 Problem Transformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6.2 Iterative Algorithm for Energy Efficiency maximization. . . . . . . . .

30 30 32 35 40 40 . 41 42 43 43 44

Results 5.1 Power Allocation to Subcarriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Interference Temperature to Noise Ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Transmitted Power Variation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Efficiency varies with number of users . . . . . . . 5.5 5.6 Number of Iterations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capacity varies with power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

53 53 57 58

60 61

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6 7

Conclusion Future Scope References

63 64 65

List of Abbreviations

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3G AMC

third generation adaptive modulation and coding

AWGN additive white Gaussian noise BER BPSK BS bps CSI DL DSA FDM FFT GA GPS IFFT ISI IPTV KKT LIP LOS bit error rate binary phase shift keying base station bit per second channel state information downlink dynamic sub-carrier assignment frequency division multiplexing
WMA

fast Fourier transform genetic algorithm generalized processor sharing inverse fast Fourier transform intersymbol interference internet protocol television Karush-Kuhn-Tucker linear integer programming line-of-sight

MAC medium access layer MINLP mixed integer nonlinear programming NLOS non-line-of-sight NLP nonlinear programming

NUM network utility maximization OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access

PHY PMP

physical layer point-to-multipoint

PM/IPM penalty method/interior point method Pr QoS RF problem quality of service radio frequency

RMS root mean square SNR signal to noise ratio

TDD time division duplexing TDM time division multiplexing UL uplink

UMTS universal mobile telecommunication system UWB ultra wide band Wi-Fi wireless fidelity
WiMax wireless interoperability for microwave access

WLAN

wireless local area networks

WMAN wireless metropolitan area networks WWAN wireless wide area networks

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